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Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Satın Alma Davranışları ve Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 255 - 262, 30.09.2020

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma, tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin satın alma davranışları ve besin etiketi okuma alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: İzmir’de bir kamu hastanesine başvuran 18 yaş ve üzeri toplam 162 tip 2 diyabetli birey araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Anket formu kullanılarak bireylerin sosyo-demografik bilgileri, satın alma davranışları ve besin etiketi okuma alışkanlıkları değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Bireylerin yaş ortalaması 60.35±11.26 yıl olup, %37.7’si erkek ve %62.3’ü kadındır. Bireylerin alışveriş yaparken aldıkları üründe en çok etkilendikleri kriterlerin; fiyatı (%44.4), ürün/marka ile ilgili daha önceki deneyimleri (%28.4), üretici firma ve marka ismi (%11.7) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin %72.2’sinin besin etiketleri üzerinde bulunan ‘enerji ve besin ögeleri’ tablolarını hiçbir zaman incelemediği saptanmıştır. Diyabetlilerin çoğunluğunun besin etiketinde hangi bilgilerin yer alması gerektiğini (%80.9) ve etikette yer alan bilgileri nasıl kullanacağını (%82.1) bilmediği belirlenmiştir. Ambalajlı bir besinin etiket bilgisinde yer alan ve bireylerin bu besini satın alma durumunu en çok etkileyen bileşenlerin; yüksek oranda şeker içermesi (%10.5), mısır şurubu, glikoz şurubu içermesi (%8.6) ve fruktoz içermesi (%6.8) olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Bireylerin genelde besin etiketlerini okumadığı ve etikette yazan bilgileri anlamadığı saptanmıştır. Besin etiketi kullanımının diyabetin yönetimi üzerinde etkili olabilmesi için besin etiketlerinin daha iyi anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle diyabetli bireylere besin etiketi okuma ile ilgili eğitim verilmesinin gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Thanks

Verilerin toplanmasındaki katkılarından dolayı İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü 4.Sınıf öğrencileri Ayça Ezgi Özdemir ve Zeynep Arabacıoğlu’na teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Annunziata, A., & Vecchio, R. (2012). Factors affecting use and understanding of nutrition information on food labels: evidences from customers. Agricultural Economics Review, 13(389-2016-23475), 103-116.
  • Arrúa, A., Machín, L., Curutchet, M. R., Martínez, J., Antúnez, L., Alcaire, F., et al. (2017). Warnings as a directive front-of-pack nutrition labelling scheme: comparison with the Guideline Daily Amount and trafficlight systems. Public Health Nutrition, 20(13), 2308–2317.
  • Arsenault, J. E. (2010). Can nutrition labeling affect obesity?. Choices, 25(316-2016-7295), 1-4.
  • Aygen, F. G. (2012). Tüketicilerin besin etiketi incelenmesi konusundaki tutum ve davranışları. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 28-54.
  • Besler, H. T., Buyuktuncer, Z., & Uyar, M. F. (2012). Consumer understanding and use of food and nutrition labeling in Turkey. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 44(6), 584–591.
  • Budak, N., Çiçek, B. & Şahin, H. (2005). Kayseri ilinde tüketicilerin besin alışverişine yönelik davranışları. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 33(2), 71- 81.
  • Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Alfieri, L., & Kiefer, L. (2001). The nutrition label knowledge and usage behaviors of women in the US. Nutrition Bulletin, 25(4), 315-322.
  • Cebeci, A. & Güneş, F. E. (2017). Türkiye ve Avrupa’daki tüketicilerin gıda etiketi okuma tutumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 261-267.
  • Cecchini, M., & Warin, L. (2016). Impact of food labelling systems on food choices and eating behaviours: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized studies. Obes Rev, 17(3), 201-210.
  • Çoşkun, F. & Kayışoğlu, S. (2016). Investigation of the effect of consumer age on food label reading habits. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 4876-4890.
  • Freire, W. B., Waters, W. F., Rivas-Mariño, G., Nguyen, T., & Rivas, P. (2017). A qualitative study of consumer perceptions and use of traffic light food labelling in Ecuador. Public Health Nutrition, 20(5), 805–813.
  • Gezmen Karadağ, M. & Türközü, D. (2018). Consumers’ opinions and use of food labels, nutrition, and health claims: results from Turkey. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 24(3), 280-296.
  • Gonzalez-Roa, M. C., & Calatrava-Requena, J. (2008). Food labeling use and differentiated consumers behavior: a survey analysis in Spanish food market. In 12th Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists – EAAE 2008.
  • Graham, D. J., & Laska, M. N. (2012). Nutrition label use partially mediates the relationship between attitude toward healthy eating and overall dietary quality among college students. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(3), 414–418.
  • Grunert, K. G., Fernández-Celemín, L., Wills, J. M., Storcksdieck Genannt Bonsmann, S., & Nureeva, L. (2010). Use and understanding of nutrition information on food labels in six European countries. Journal of Public Health, 18(3), 261–277.
  • Gün, İ., & Orhan, H. (2011). Süt ve ürünleri bireylerinin etiket bilgi düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Iğdır University Journal of the Instıtute of Science and Technology, 1(1), 45-51.
  • Güneş, F. E., Aktaç, Ş. & Korkmaz, B. İ. O. (2014). Tüketicilerin gıda etiketlerine yönelik tutum ve davranışları. Akademik Gıda, 12(3), 30- 37.
  • Gürer Özel, E. & Mankan, E. (2018). Farklı meslek gruplarında çalışan kadınların gıda ürün etiketi (ambalaj) okuma durumları-İstanbul adalet sarayı örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(56).
  • Hawley, K. L., Roberto, C. A., Bragg, M. A., Liu, P. J., Schwartz, M. B., & Brownell, K. D. (2013). The science on front-of-package food labels. Public Health Nutrition, 16(3), 430–439.
  • Hong, S. W., Oh, S. W., Lee, C., Kwon, H., Hyeon, J. H., & Gwak, J. S. (2014). Association between nutrition label use and chronic disease in Korean adults: the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2009. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 29(11), 1457–1463.
  • International Diabetes Federation (2019). IDF diabetes atlas, ninth edition. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://www.diabetesatlas. org/upload/resources/2019/IDF_Atlas_9th_Edition_2019.pdf.
  • Joo, J. H., Lee, D. W., Choi, D. W., & Park, E. C. (2020). Association between food label unawareness and loss of renal function in diabetes: a cross-sectional study in South Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(6), 1945.
  • Kim, J. Y., Kweon, K. H., Kim, M. J., Park, E. C., Jang, S. Y., Kim, W., et al. (2016). Is nutritional labeling associated with individual health? The effects of labeling-based awareness on dyslipidemia risk in a South Korean population. Nutrition journal, 15(1), 81.
  • Kollannoor-Samuel, G., Segura-Perez, S., Shebl, F. M., Hawley, N. L., Damio, G., Chhabra, J., et al. (2017). Nutrition Facts Panel use is associated with diet quality and dietary patterns among Latinos with type 2 diabetes. Public Health Nutrition, 20(16), 2909-2919.
  • Kollannoor-Samuel, G., Shebl, F. M., Hawley, N. L., & P´erez-Escamilla, R. (2016). Nutrition facts panel use is associated with higher diet quality and lower glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations in US adults with undiagnosed prediabetes. Am J Clin Nutr, 104, 1639–1646.
  • Kollannoor-Samuel, G., Shebl, F. M., Hawley, N. L., & Pérez-Escamilla, R. (2017). Nutrition label use is associated with lower longer-term diabetes risk in US adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 105(5), 1079‐1085.
  • Kollannoor-Samuel, G., Shebl, F. M., Segura-Pérez, S., Chhabra, J., Vega- López, S., & Pérez-Escamilla, R. (2016). Effects of food label use on diet quality and glycemic control among Latinos with type 2 diabetes in a community health worker-supported ıntervention. American journal of public health, 106(6), 1059–1066.
  • Kumar, N., & Kapoor, S. (2017). Do labels influence purchase decisions of food products? Study of young consumers of an emerging market. British Food Journal, 119(2), 218-229.
  • Mejean, C., Macouillard, P., Peneau, S., Hercberg, S., & Castetbon, K. (2013). Perception of front of pack labels according to social characteristics, nutritional knowledge and food puchasing habits. Public Health Nutrition, 16(3), 392-402.
  • Miller, L. M., & Cassady, D. L. (2012). Making healthy food choices using nutrition facts panels. The roles of knowledge, motivation, dietary modifications goals, and age. Appetite, 59(1), 129–139.
  • Nieto, C., Tolentino-Mayo, L., Monterrubio-Flores, E., Medina, C., Patiño, S. R. G., & Aguirre-Hernández, R., et al. (2020). Nutrition label use is related to chronic conditions among Mexicans: data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 120(5), 804-814.
  • Ollberding, N. J., Wolf, R. L., & Contento, I. (2011). Food label use and its relation to dietary intake among US adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(5), S47-S51.
  • Özgül, E. & Aksulu, İ. (2006). Ambalajlı gıda ürünlerinde tüketicilerin etiket duyarlılığındaki değişimler. Ege Akademik Bakış, 6(1), 1-10.
  • Peters-Texeira, A., & Badrie, N. (2005). Consumers’ perception of food packaging in Trinidad, West Indies and its related impact on food choices. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 29(6), 508-514.
  • Post, R. E., Mainous, A. G. 3rd, Diaz, V. A., Matheson, E.M., & Everett, C. J. (2010). Use of the nutrition facts label in chronic disease management: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Am Diet Assoc, 110(4), 628‐632. Provencher, V., & Jacob, R. (2016). Impact of perceived healthiness of food on food choices and ıntake. Current obesity reports, 5(1), 65-71.
  • Ranilovic, J., & Baric, I. C. (2011). Differences between younger and older populations in nutrition label reading habits. British Food Journal, 113(1), 109-121.
  • Roberto, C. A., Larsen, P. D., Agnew, H., Baik, J., & Brownell, K. D. (2010). Evaluating the impact of menu labeling on food choices and intake. American Journal of Public Health, 100(2), 312–318.
  • Roy, R., Kelly, B., Rangan, A., & Allman-Farinelli, M. (2015). Food environment interventions to improve the dietary behavior of young adults in tertiary education settings: a systematic literature review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(10), 1647–1681.e1.
  • Satman, I., Omer, B., Tutuncu, Y., Kalaca, S., Gedik S, Dinccag N, et al. (2013). Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol, 28(2), 169-180.
  • Satman, I., Yilmaz, T., Sengul, A., Salman, S., Salman, F., Uygur, S., et al. (2002). Population-based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: results of the turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP). Diabetes Care, 25(9), 1551-1556.
  • Stran, K. A., & Knol, L. L. (2013). Determinants of food label use differ by sex. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(5), 673–679.
  • Viola, G. C., Bianchi, F., Croce, E., & Ceretti, E. (2016). Are food labels effective as a means of health prevention?. Journal of public health research, 5(3), 768.
  • Wahab, R. A. (2018). Food label use and awareness of nutritional information among consumers in bahrain: an exploratory study. KnE Life Sciences, 26-36.
  • World Health Organization (2016). Global report on diabetes. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/handle/10665/204874/WHO_NMH_NVI_16.3_eng. jsessionid=4E923D8CBB860723925D84FF13C2AC86?sequence=1.
Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 255 - 262, 30.09.2020

Abstract

References

  • Annunziata, A., & Vecchio, R. (2012). Factors affecting use and understanding of nutrition information on food labels: evidences from customers. Agricultural Economics Review, 13(389-2016-23475), 103-116.
  • Arrúa, A., Machín, L., Curutchet, M. R., Martínez, J., Antúnez, L., Alcaire, F., et al. (2017). Warnings as a directive front-of-pack nutrition labelling scheme: comparison with the Guideline Daily Amount and trafficlight systems. Public Health Nutrition, 20(13), 2308–2317.
  • Arsenault, J. E. (2010). Can nutrition labeling affect obesity?. Choices, 25(316-2016-7295), 1-4.
  • Aygen, F. G. (2012). Tüketicilerin besin etiketi incelenmesi konusundaki tutum ve davranışları. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 28-54.
  • Besler, H. T., Buyuktuncer, Z., & Uyar, M. F. (2012). Consumer understanding and use of food and nutrition labeling in Turkey. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 44(6), 584–591.
  • Budak, N., Çiçek, B. & Şahin, H. (2005). Kayseri ilinde tüketicilerin besin alışverişine yönelik davranışları. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 33(2), 71- 81.
  • Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Alfieri, L., & Kiefer, L. (2001). The nutrition label knowledge and usage behaviors of women in the US. Nutrition Bulletin, 25(4), 315-322.
  • Cebeci, A. & Güneş, F. E. (2017). Türkiye ve Avrupa’daki tüketicilerin gıda etiketi okuma tutumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 261-267.
  • Cecchini, M., & Warin, L. (2016). Impact of food labelling systems on food choices and eating behaviours: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized studies. Obes Rev, 17(3), 201-210.
  • Çoşkun, F. & Kayışoğlu, S. (2016). Investigation of the effect of consumer age on food label reading habits. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 4876-4890.
  • Freire, W. B., Waters, W. F., Rivas-Mariño, G., Nguyen, T., & Rivas, P. (2017). A qualitative study of consumer perceptions and use of traffic light food labelling in Ecuador. Public Health Nutrition, 20(5), 805–813.
  • Gezmen Karadağ, M. & Türközü, D. (2018). Consumers’ opinions and use of food labels, nutrition, and health claims: results from Turkey. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 24(3), 280-296.
  • Gonzalez-Roa, M. C., & Calatrava-Requena, J. (2008). Food labeling use and differentiated consumers behavior: a survey analysis in Spanish food market. In 12th Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists – EAAE 2008.
  • Graham, D. J., & Laska, M. N. (2012). Nutrition label use partially mediates the relationship between attitude toward healthy eating and overall dietary quality among college students. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(3), 414–418.
  • Grunert, K. G., Fernández-Celemín, L., Wills, J. M., Storcksdieck Genannt Bonsmann, S., & Nureeva, L. (2010). Use and understanding of nutrition information on food labels in six European countries. Journal of Public Health, 18(3), 261–277.
  • Gün, İ., & Orhan, H. (2011). Süt ve ürünleri bireylerinin etiket bilgi düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Iğdır University Journal of the Instıtute of Science and Technology, 1(1), 45-51.
  • Güneş, F. E., Aktaç, Ş. & Korkmaz, B. İ. O. (2014). Tüketicilerin gıda etiketlerine yönelik tutum ve davranışları. Akademik Gıda, 12(3), 30- 37.
  • Gürer Özel, E. & Mankan, E. (2018). Farklı meslek gruplarında çalışan kadınların gıda ürün etiketi (ambalaj) okuma durumları-İstanbul adalet sarayı örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(56).
  • Hawley, K. L., Roberto, C. A., Bragg, M. A., Liu, P. J., Schwartz, M. B., & Brownell, K. D. (2013). The science on front-of-package food labels. Public Health Nutrition, 16(3), 430–439.
  • Hong, S. W., Oh, S. W., Lee, C., Kwon, H., Hyeon, J. H., & Gwak, J. S. (2014). Association between nutrition label use and chronic disease in Korean adults: the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2009. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 29(11), 1457–1463.
  • International Diabetes Federation (2019). IDF diabetes atlas, ninth edition. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://www.diabetesatlas. org/upload/resources/2019/IDF_Atlas_9th_Edition_2019.pdf.
  • Joo, J. H., Lee, D. W., Choi, D. W., & Park, E. C. (2020). Association between food label unawareness and loss of renal function in diabetes: a cross-sectional study in South Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(6), 1945.
  • Kim, J. Y., Kweon, K. H., Kim, M. J., Park, E. C., Jang, S. Y., Kim, W., et al. (2016). Is nutritional labeling associated with individual health? The effects of labeling-based awareness on dyslipidemia risk in a South Korean population. Nutrition journal, 15(1), 81.
  • Kollannoor-Samuel, G., Segura-Perez, S., Shebl, F. M., Hawley, N. L., Damio, G., Chhabra, J., et al. (2017). Nutrition Facts Panel use is associated with diet quality and dietary patterns among Latinos with type 2 diabetes. Public Health Nutrition, 20(16), 2909-2919.
  • Kollannoor-Samuel, G., Shebl, F. M., Hawley, N. L., & P´erez-Escamilla, R. (2016). Nutrition facts panel use is associated with higher diet quality and lower glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations in US adults with undiagnosed prediabetes. Am J Clin Nutr, 104, 1639–1646.
  • Kollannoor-Samuel, G., Shebl, F. M., Hawley, N. L., & Pérez-Escamilla, R. (2017). Nutrition label use is associated with lower longer-term diabetes risk in US adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 105(5), 1079‐1085.
  • Kollannoor-Samuel, G., Shebl, F. M., Segura-Pérez, S., Chhabra, J., Vega- López, S., & Pérez-Escamilla, R. (2016). Effects of food label use on diet quality and glycemic control among Latinos with type 2 diabetes in a community health worker-supported ıntervention. American journal of public health, 106(6), 1059–1066.
  • Kumar, N., & Kapoor, S. (2017). Do labels influence purchase decisions of food products? Study of young consumers of an emerging market. British Food Journal, 119(2), 218-229.
  • Mejean, C., Macouillard, P., Peneau, S., Hercberg, S., & Castetbon, K. (2013). Perception of front of pack labels according to social characteristics, nutritional knowledge and food puchasing habits. Public Health Nutrition, 16(3), 392-402.
  • Miller, L. M., & Cassady, D. L. (2012). Making healthy food choices using nutrition facts panels. The roles of knowledge, motivation, dietary modifications goals, and age. Appetite, 59(1), 129–139.
  • Nieto, C., Tolentino-Mayo, L., Monterrubio-Flores, E., Medina, C., Patiño, S. R. G., & Aguirre-Hernández, R., et al. (2020). Nutrition label use is related to chronic conditions among Mexicans: data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 120(5), 804-814.
  • Ollberding, N. J., Wolf, R. L., & Contento, I. (2011). Food label use and its relation to dietary intake among US adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(5), S47-S51.
  • Özgül, E. & Aksulu, İ. (2006). Ambalajlı gıda ürünlerinde tüketicilerin etiket duyarlılığındaki değişimler. Ege Akademik Bakış, 6(1), 1-10.
  • Peters-Texeira, A., & Badrie, N. (2005). Consumers’ perception of food packaging in Trinidad, West Indies and its related impact on food choices. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 29(6), 508-514.
  • Post, R. E., Mainous, A. G. 3rd, Diaz, V. A., Matheson, E.M., & Everett, C. J. (2010). Use of the nutrition facts label in chronic disease management: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Am Diet Assoc, 110(4), 628‐632. Provencher, V., & Jacob, R. (2016). Impact of perceived healthiness of food on food choices and ıntake. Current obesity reports, 5(1), 65-71.
  • Ranilovic, J., & Baric, I. C. (2011). Differences between younger and older populations in nutrition label reading habits. British Food Journal, 113(1), 109-121.
  • Roberto, C. A., Larsen, P. D., Agnew, H., Baik, J., & Brownell, K. D. (2010). Evaluating the impact of menu labeling on food choices and intake. American Journal of Public Health, 100(2), 312–318.
  • Roy, R., Kelly, B., Rangan, A., & Allman-Farinelli, M. (2015). Food environment interventions to improve the dietary behavior of young adults in tertiary education settings: a systematic literature review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(10), 1647–1681.e1.
  • Satman, I., Omer, B., Tutuncu, Y., Kalaca, S., Gedik S, Dinccag N, et al. (2013). Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol, 28(2), 169-180.
  • Satman, I., Yilmaz, T., Sengul, A., Salman, S., Salman, F., Uygur, S., et al. (2002). Population-based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: results of the turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP). Diabetes Care, 25(9), 1551-1556.
  • Stran, K. A., & Knol, L. L. (2013). Determinants of food label use differ by sex. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(5), 673–679.
  • Viola, G. C., Bianchi, F., Croce, E., & Ceretti, E. (2016). Are food labels effective as a means of health prevention?. Journal of public health research, 5(3), 768.
  • Wahab, R. A. (2018). Food label use and awareness of nutritional information among consumers in bahrain: an exploratory study. KnE Life Sciences, 26-36.
  • World Health Organization (2016). Global report on diabetes. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/handle/10665/204874/WHO_NMH_NVI_16.3_eng. jsessionid=4E923D8CBB860723925D84FF13C2AC86?sequence=1.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Gamze Çalık 0000-0002-9160-7750

Gülşah Kaner 0000-0001-5882-6049

Tuba Yalçın 0000-0002-4820-8180

Publication Date September 30, 2020
Submission Date June 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çalık, G., Kaner, G., & Yalçın, T. (2020). Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Satın Alma Davranışları ve Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(3), 255-262.
AMA Çalık G, Kaner G, Yalçın T. Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Satın Alma Davranışları ve Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi. İKÇÜSBFD. September 2020;5(3):255-262.
Chicago Çalık, Gamze, Gülşah Kaner, and Tuba Yalçın. “Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Satın Alma Davranışları Ve Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 5, no. 3 (September 2020): 255-62.
EndNote Çalık G, Kaner G, Yalçın T (September 1, 2020) Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Satın Alma Davranışları ve Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 5 3 255–262.
IEEE G. Çalık, G. Kaner, and T. Yalçın, “Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Satın Alma Davranışları ve Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi”, İKÇÜSBFD, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 255–262, 2020.
ISNAD Çalık, Gamze et al. “Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Satın Alma Davranışları Ve Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 5/3 (September 2020), 255-262.
JAMA Çalık G, Kaner G, Yalçın T. Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Satın Alma Davranışları ve Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi. İKÇÜSBFD. 2020;5:255–262.
MLA Çalık, Gamze et al. “Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Satın Alma Davranışları Ve Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 3, 2020, pp. 255-62.
Vancouver Çalık G, Kaner G, Yalçın T. Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Satın Alma Davranışları ve Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi. İKÇÜSBFD. 2020;5(3):255-62.



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