Sağlık Personelinin COVID-19 Antikor Pozitifliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 209 - 213, 31.05.2022

Selçuk Kaya , Ufuk Akbayırlı , Ayşegül Aksoy Gökmen , Tuba Müderris , Süreyya Gül Yurtsever

Abstract

Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) kısa bir sürede pandemi haline gelmiş enfeksiyöz bir hastalıktır. COVID-19 hastalarında 7-11 gün sonra antikor cevabı gelişmektedir. Salgın süresince sağlık çalışanlarının durumunu kontrol etme açısından serolojik testlerin faydalı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada salgının başlangıcında hastanemiz sağlık personelinin antikor pozitifliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Nisan 2020-Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında hastanemizde yapılan COVID-19 antikor taramasına katılan 150 adet sağlık personeline ait sonuçlar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Kan örneklerinden elde edilen serumlara kolloidal altın bazlı immunokromatografik test yöntemi uygulandı. Demografik özellikler, lökosit sayısı, lenfosit sayısı, C-reaktif protein değerleri ve akciğer Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT) bulguları çalışmaya dahil edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 39,5 ± 9,3 yıl olan toplam 150 kişi (95 kadın) dahil edildi. Yedi kişide (%4,6) antikor pozitifliği saptandı. İki pozitif kişinin akciğer BT’sinde viral pnömoni ile uyumlu buzlu cam infiltrasyonlarının varlığı gözlendi.
Sonuç: Salgının ilk döneminde hastanemiz sağlık çalışanlarında yaklaşık %5 oranında antikor pozitifliği saptanması COVID-19 açısından riskli grupta olan sağlık personelinin devamlı izlenmesi ve tedbirlerin alınması gerekliliklerini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

COVID-19, immunokromatografik test, sağlık çalışanı.

Supporting Institution

DESTEKLEYEN KURUM BULUNMAMAKTADIR.

Evaluation of COVID-19 Antibody Positivity of Health Professionals

Abstract

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease which has become a pandemic in a short time-period. Antibody response develops after 7-11 days in COVID-19 patients. Serologic tests are thought to be beneficial for checking status of the health professionals during the pandemic. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the antibody levels of the health professionals who work in our hospital at the beginning of the pandemic.
Material and Method: The results of 150 health professionals who participated in the COVID-19 antibody screening which was performed in our hospital between April 2020 and May 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test was performed on the serums which was obtained from the blood samples. Demographic characteristics, leukocyte counts, lymphocyte counts, C-reactive protein values, and lung Computed Tomography (CT) findings were included in the study.
Results: A total of 150 subjects (95 females) with a mean age of 39.5 ± 9.3 years were included in the study. Antibody positivity was detected in seven (4.6%) subjects. Ground-glass infiltrates consistent with viral pneumonia were observed in the lung CT of two positive subjects.
Conclusion: Detecting approximately 5% antibody positivity in the health professionals who work in our hospital at the beginning of the pandemic, indicates the necessities of pursuing the health professionals who are in the risky group for COVID-19 and taking precautions.

Keywords

COVID-19, immunochromatographic test, health professionals.

References

• Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020 May 1;109.
• Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal [Internet]. 2020 Apr 1 [cited 2021 Oct 28];10(2):102–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/32282863/
• Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, Lu R, Han K, Wu G, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens. JAMA [Internet]. 2020 May 12 [cited 2021 Oct 28];323(18):1843–4. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762997
• Pan Y, Li X, Yang G, Fan J, Tang Y, Zhao J, et al. Serological immunochromatographic approach in diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 infected COVID-19 patients. J Infect [Internet]. 2020 Jul 1 [cited 2021 Oct 28];81(1):e28–32. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32283141/
• Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. https://doi.org/101056/NEJMoa2002032 [Internet]. 2020 Feb 28 [cited 2021 Oct 28];382(18):1708–20. Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2002032
• Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, Cao Y, Alwalid O, Gu J, et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020 Apr 1 [cited 2021 Oct 28];20(4):425–34. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/article/S1473309920300864/fulltext
• Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. https://doi.org/101148/radiol2020200642 [Internet]. 2020 Feb 26 [cited 2021 Oct 28];296(2):E32–40. Available from: https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/radiol.2020200642
• Tang YW, Schmitz JE, Persing DH, Stratton CW. Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19: Current issues and challenges. J Clin Microbiol [Internet]. 2020 Jun 1 [cited 2021 Oct 28];58(6). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32245835/
• Patel R, Babady E, Theel ES, Storch GA, Pinsky BA, George KS, et al. Report from the american society for microbiology covid-19 international summit, 23 march 2020: Value of diagnostic testing for sars–cov-2/covid-19. MBio [Internet]. 2020 Mar 1 [cited 2021 Oct 28];11(2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32217609/
• Vashist SK. In Vitro Diagnostic Assays for COVID-19: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends. Diagnostics 2020, Vol 10, Page 202 [Internet]. 2020 Apr 5 [cited 2021 Nov 27];10(4):202. Available from: https://www.mdpi. com/2075-4418/10/4/202/htm
• Patel A, Jernigan DB, Abdirizak F, Abedi G, Aggarwal S, Albina D, et al. Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak — United States, December 31, 2019–February 4, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2020 Feb 7 [cited 2021 Oct 28];69(5):140–6. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6905e1.htm
• Chaimayo C, Kaewnaphan B, Tanlieng N, Athipanyasilp N, Sirijatuphat R, Chayakulkeeree M, et al. Rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection assay in comparison with real-time RT-PCR assay for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 in Thailand. Virol J [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Nov 27];17(1):1–7. Available from: https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-020-01452-5
• Ortiz-Prado E, Simbaña-Rivera K, Gómez- Barreno L, Rubio-Neira M, Guaman LP, Kyriakidis NC, et al. Clinical, molecular, and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 1;98(1):115094.
• Ejazi SA, Ghosh S, Ali N. Antibody detection assays for COVID-19 diagnosis: an early overview. Immunol Cell Biol [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2021 Nov 27];99(1):21–33. Available from: https://onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/imcb.12397
• Ong DSY, de Man SJ, Lindeboom FA, Koeleman JGM. Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of rapid serological tests and ELISA to molecular diagnostics in patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 presenting to the hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Nov 27];26(8):1094.e7-1094.e10. Available from: http://www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198743X20303050/fulltext
• Imai K, Tabata S, Ikeda M, Noguchi S, Kitagawa Y, Matuoka M, et al. Clinical evaluation of an immunochromatographic IgM/IgG antibody assay and chest computed tomography for the diagnosis of COVID-19. J Clin Virol. 2020 Jul 1;128:104393.
• Carpenter CR, Mudd PA, West CP, Wilber E, Wilber ST. Diagnosing COVID-19 in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review of Clinical Examinations, Laboratory Tests, Imaging Accuracy, and Biases. Acad Emerg Med [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Dec 1];27(8):653–70. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32542934/
• Demirkol ME, Kaya M, Balcı M. Asemptomatik ve semptomatik COVID-19 vakalarının BT görüntülerinin incelenmesi. Sağlık Akad Derg [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2021 Dec 1];8(1):49–53. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sagakaderg/841775
• Zainol Rashid Z, Othman SN, Abdul Samat MN, Ali UK, Wong KK. Diagnostic performance of COVID-19 serology assays. Malays J Pathol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Oct 28];42(1):13–21. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32342927/
• Ravi N, Cortade DL, Ng E, Wang SX. Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 detection: A comprehensive review of the FDA-EUA COVID-19 testing landscape. Biosens Bioelectron [Internet]. 2020 Oct 1 [cited 2021 Oct 28];165. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32729549/
• Ozturk A, Bozok T, Simsek Bozok T. Evaluation of rapid antibody test and chest computed tomography results of COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study. J Med Virol [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Oct 28];93(12):6582–7. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jmv.27209
• Kaya S, Akbayırlı U, Atakan Nemli S, Onur Turan M, Aksoy Gökmen A, et al. Evaluation of Immunochromatographic Antibody Test Results in Patients with Prediagnosis of COVID-19. J Immunol Clin Microbiol [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 27];6(3):129–38. Available from: http://www.jiacm.com
• Kaçmaz AB, Sümbül B, Bolukçu B, Okay G, Durdu B, Akkoyunlu Y, et al. Utility of Rapid Antibody Test for Screening COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals. Bezmialem Sci. 2020 Oct 30;8(2):22–6.
• Turbett SE, Anahtar M, Dighe AS, Beltran WG, Miller T, Scott H, et al. Evaluation of Three Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays and Their Performance in Two-Test Algorithms. J Clin Microbiol [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2021 Dec 1];59(1). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7771444/
• Madran B, Madran1 B, Keske1 Ş, Beşli Y. The Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Healthcare Workers. Infect Dis Clin Microbiol. 2020;2(2):54–60.