Common Orthopaedic Injuries and Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Needs Following Earthquakes

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 607 - 612, 21.06.2023

Müge Kırmızı , Hilal Uzunlar , Sevtap Günay Uçurum

Abstract

Earthquakes have caused death and injury of millions of people in the past. Most injuries that require treatment after earthquakes are orthopaedic in nature. The most common orthopaedic injuries are soft tissue injuries, mostly caused by contusion and lacerations. Providing physiotherapy and rehabilitation services in the early period after earthquakes is important in improving the functional level of earthquake victims and reducing the long-term burden on the health system. Physiotherapists take an active role in many stages such as fracture rehabilitation, amputation rehabilitation, rehabilitation in spinal cord injury, prevention of pressure ulcers, prevention of thromboembolism, prevention of negative effects of long-term immobilization, positioning techniques, counselling before, during, and after surgery. Although there is no consensus on which protocols are the most effective in the rehabilitation of earthquake victims, there are many suggested approaches. Tele-rehabilitation is also recommended to support the rehabilitation process, facilitate information sharing and reach earthquake victims in more distant locations. In addition, training physiotherapists and physiotherapist candidates on trauma and disaster management can be beneficial in managing the post-earthquake process

Keywords

Natural disasters, earthquakes, injury, orthopaedics, rehabilitation.

Project Number

Bulunmamaktadır.

Depremlerden Sonra Sık Görülen Ortopedik Yaralanmalar ve Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon İhtiyaçları

Abstract

Depremler geçmişte milyonlarca insanın ölümüne ve yaralanmasına neden olmuştur. Depremlerden sonra tedavi gerektiren çoğu yaralanma ortopedik kaynaklıdır. En sık meydana gelen ortopedik yaralanmalar, çoğunlukla ezilme ve kesiklerden oluşan yumuşak doku yaralanmaları ve kırıklardır. Deprem sonrasında fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon hizmetinin erken dönemde sağlanması, depremzedelerin fonksiyonel düzeyinin iyileştirilmesi ve sağlık sistemi üzerinde uzun dönemde oluşacak yükün azaltılmasında önemlidir. Fizyoterapistler, kırık rehabilitasyonu, amputasyon rehabilitasyonu, spinal kord yaralanmasında rehabilitasyon, bası yaralarının önlenmesi, tromboembolizmin önlenmesi, uzun süreli immobilizasyonun olumsuz etkilerinin önlenmesi, pozisyonlama teknikleri, ameliyat öncesinde, sırasında ve sonrasında danışmanlık gibi birçok aşamada etkin rol alır. Depremzedelerin rehabilitasyonunda hangi protokollerin en etkili olduğuna ilişkin fikir birliği olmamakla birlikte önerilen birçok yaklaşım bulunmaktadır. Rehabilitasyon sürecinin desteklenmesi, bilgi paylaşımının kolaylaştırılması ve daha uzak merkezlerdeki depremzedelere ulaşmak için tele-rehabilitasyon uygulamaları da önerilmektedir. Ayrıca fizyoterapistlere ve fizyoterapist adaylarına travma ve afet yönetimine ilişkin eğitim verilmesi de deprem sonrası sürecin yönetilmesinde yararlı olabilir.

Keywords

Doğal afetler, depremler, yaralanma, ortopedi, rehabilitasyon.

Supporting Institution

Bulunmamaktadır.

Project Number

Bulunmamaktadır.

Thanks

Bulunmamaktadır.

References

• MacKenzie JS, Banskota B, Sirisreetreerux N, Shafiq B, Hasenboehler EA. A review of the epidemiology and treatment of orthopaedic injuries after earthquakes in developing countries. World J Emerg Surg. 2017 Feb 10;12:9. doi: 10.1186/ s13017-017-0115-8. PMID: 28203271; PMCID: PMC5301447.
• Bortolin M, Morelli I, Voskanyan A, Joyce NR, Ciottone GR. Earthquake-Related Orthopedic Injuries in Adult Population: A Systematic Review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017 Apr;32(2):201-208. doi: 10.1017/ S1049023X16001515. Epub 2017 Jan 30. PMID: 28134070.
• Seaman J. Disaster epidemiology: or why most international disaster relief is ineffective. Injury. 1990 Jan 1;21(1):5-8.
• Dai ZY, Li Y, Lu MP, Chen L, Jiang DM. Clinical profile of musculoskeletal injuries associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2010 Nov;16(6):503-7. PMID: 21153941.
• Guner S, Guner SI, Isik Y, Gormeli G, Kalender AM, Turktas U, Gokalp MA, Gozen A, Isik M, Ozkan S, Turkozu T, Karadas S, Ceylan MF, Ediz L, Bulut M, Gunes Y, Gormeli A, Erturk C, Eseoglu M, Dursun R. Review of Van earthquakes form an orthopaedic perspective: a multicentre retrospective study. Int Orthop. 2013 Jan;37(1):119-24. doi: 10.1007/s00264-012-1736-x. Epub 2012 Dec 12. PMID: 23232655; PMCID: PMC3532631.
• Elmi A, Ganjpour Sales J, Tabrizi A, Soleimanpour J, Mohseni MA. Orthopedic injuries following the East azerbaijan earthquake. Trauma Mon. 2013 Spring;18(1):3-7. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.8322. Epub 2013 May 26. PMID: 24350141; PMCID: PMC3860649.
• Kang P, Tang B, Liu Y, Liu X, Shen Y, Liu Z, Yang H, Zhang L. Profile and procedures for fractures among 1323 fracture patients from the 2010 Yushu earthquake, China. Am J Emerg Med. 2016 Nov;34(11):2132-2139. doi: 10.1016/j. ajem.2016.07.064. Epub 2016 Aug 3. PMID: 27543441.
• Morelli I, Sabbadini MG, Bortolin M. Orthopedic Injuries and Their Treatment in Children During Earthquakes: A Systematic Review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015 Oct;30(5):478-85. doi: 10.1017/ S1049023X15004951. Epub 2015 Aug 19. PMID: 26286704.
• Tahmasebi MN, Kiani K, Mazlouman SJ, Taheri A, Kamrani RS, Panjavi B, Harandi BA. Musculoskeletal injuries associated with earthquake. A report of injuries of Iran's December 26, 2003 Bam earthquake casualties managed in tertiary referral centers. Injury. 2005 Jan;36(1):27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2004.06.021. Erratum in: Injury. 2005 Jun;36(6):810. Mohammad Naghi, Tahmasebi [corrected to Tahmasebi, Mohammad Naghi]; Kambiz, Kiani [corrected to Kiani, Kambiz]; Shahriar, Jalali Mazlouman [corrected to Mazlouman, Shahriar Jalali]; Afshin, Taheri [corrected to Taheri, Afshin]; Kamrani Reza, Shahriar [corr. PMID: 15589909.
• Pang HN, Lim W, Chua WC, Seet B. Management of musculoskeletal injuries after the 2009 western Sumatra earthquake. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2011 Apr;19(1):3- 7. doi: 10.1177/230949901101900102. PMID: 21519067.
• Mulvey JM, Awan SU, Qadri AA, Maqsood MA. Profile of injuries arising from the 2005 Kashmir earthquake: the first 72 h. Injury. 2008 May;39(5):554-60. doi: 10.1016/j. injury.2007.07.025. Epub 2007 Dec 3. PMID: 18054014.
• Fan Z, Li A, Lian B, Zhou W, Wei H, Chen C, Xu P. Injury types of victims in the 12th May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: analysis of 1,038 patients in Jiangyou City. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2011 Feb;37(1):3-7. doi: 10.1007/ s00068-010-0045-6. Epub 2010 Sep 23. PMID: 26814744.
• Elmi A, Ganjpour Sales J, Tabrizi A, Soleimanpour J, Mohseni MA. Orthopedic injuries following the East azerbaijan earthquake. Trauma Mon. 2013 Spring;18(1):3-7. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.8322. Epub 2013 May 26. PMID: 24350141; PMCID: PMC3860649.
• Bulut M, Fedakar R, Akkose S, Akgoz S, Ozguc H, Tokyay R. Medical experience of a university hospital in Turkey after the 1999 Marmara earthquake. Emerg Med J. 2005 Jul;22(7):494-8. doi: 10.1136/ emj.2004.016295. PMID: 15983085; PMCID: PMC1726859.
• Xie J, Du L, Xia T, Wang M, Diao X, Li Y. Analysis of 1856 inpatients and 33 deaths in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from the Wenchuan earthquake. J Evid Based Med. 2008 Nov;1(1):20-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-5391.2008.00010.x. PMID: 21348972.
• Phalkey R, Reinhardt JD, Marx M. Injury epidemiology after the 2001 Gujarat earthquake in India: a retrospective analysis of injuries treated at a rural hospital in the Kutch district immediately after the disaster. Glob Health Action. 2011;4:7196. doi: 10.3402/gha.v4i0.7196. Epub 2011 Jul 26. PMID: 21799668; PMCID: PMC3144753.
• Kang P, Zhang L, Liang W, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Liu X, Yang H. Medical evacuation management and clinical characteristics of 3,255 inpatients after the 2010 Yushu earthquake in China. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012 Jun;72(6):1626-33. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182479e07. PMID: 22695432.
• Kaim Khani GM, Baig A, Humail M, Memon M, Quarashi MA. Musculoskeletal injuries among victims of the Battagram, Pakistan earthquake in October 2005. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012 Oct;27(5):489-91. doi: 10.1017/ S1049023X12001161. Epub 2012 Aug 21. PMID: 22985734.
• Mohebbi HA, Mehrvarz S, Saghafinia M, Rezaei Y, Kashani SM, Naeeni SM, Motamedi MH, Hoseini SH, Moharamzad Y. Earthquake related injuries: assessment of 854 victims of the 2003 Bam disaster transported to tertiary referral hospitals. Prehospital and disaster medicine. 2008 Dec;23(6):510-5.
• Bar-On E, Lebel E, Blumberg N, Sagi R, Kreiss Y; Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Petah Tikva, Israel. Pediatric Orthopedic Injuries Following an Earthquake: Experience in an Acute- Phase Field Hospital. J Trauma Nurs. 2015 Jul-Aug;22(4):223-8. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000143. PMID: 26165876.
• Bimali I , Adhikari SP , Baidya S , Shakya NR . Impairment and Functional Status of People with Disabilities Following Nepal Earthquake 2015. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2018 Oct.-Dec.;16(64):285-289. PMID: 31729340.
• Demey D. Post-amputation rehabilitation in an emergency crisis: from preoperative to the community. Int Orthop. 2012 Oct;36(10):2003-5. doi: 10.1007/s00264-012-1553-2. Epub 2012 May 4. PMID: 22555949; PMCID: PMC3460076.
• Gosney J, Reinhardt JD, Haig AJ, Li J. Developing post-disaster physical rehabilitation: Role of the World Health Organization liaison sub-committee on rehabilitation disaster relief of the international society of physical and rehabilitation medicine. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2011 Nov 5;43(11):965-8.
• MacKenzie JS, Banskota B, Sirisreetreerux N, Shafiq B, Hasenboehler EA. A review of the epidemiology and treatment of orthopaedic injuries after earthquakes in developing countries. World J Emerg Surg. 2017 Feb 10;12:9. doi: 10.1186/ s13017-017-0115-8. PMID: 28203271; PMCID: PMC5301447.
• Reinhardt JD, Li J, Gosney J, Rathore FA, Haig AJ, Marx M, et al. International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine’s Sub-Committee on Rehabilitation Disaster Relief. Disability and health-related rehabilitation in international disaster relief. Glob Health Action 2011; 4: 7191.
• Global Health Cluster - Foreign Medical Team Working Group. Classification and minimum standards for foreign medical teams in sudden onset disasters. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
• World Health Organization. Emergency Medical Teams: minimum technical standards and recommendations for rehabilitation. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Geneva: WHO; 2016.
• Amatya B, Galea M, Li J, Khan F. Medical rehabilitation in disaster relief: Towards a new perspective. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2017 Aug 1;49(8):620-8.
• Mills JA, Gosney J, Stephenson F, Skelton P, Norton I, Scherrer V, Jacquemin G, Rau B. Development and Implementation of the World Health Organization Emergency Medical Teams: Minimum Technical Standards and Recommendations for Rehabilitation. PLoS Curr. 2018 Jul 9;10 doi: 10.1371/ currents.dis.76fd9ebfd8689469452cc8c0c0d7cdce.
• Khan F, Amatya B, Lee SY, Vasudevan V. Rehabilitation in disaster relief. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics. 2019 Nov 1;30(4):723-47.
• Rathore FA, Gosney JE, Reinhardt JD, Haig AJ, Li J, DeLisa JA. Medical rehabilitation after natural disasters: why, when, and how? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Oct;93(10):1875-81. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.05.018.
• Kimuli Balikuddembe J, Zeng X, Chen C. Health- Related Rehabilitation after the 2008 Great Wenchuan Earthquake in China: A Ten Year Retrospective Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 29;17(7):2297. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072297.
• Adhikari SP, Bimali I, Baidya S, Shakya NR. Community-based rehabilitation for physically impaired earthquake victims: An evidence-based practice protocol and its pre-post experimental study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018 Nov-Dec;7(6):1327-1333. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_112_18.
• Sharma S. Physiotherapist's role in a disaster situation-An experience of nepal earthquake 2015. Manual Therapy. 2016 Sep 1;25:e113.
• Nepal Physiotherapy Association. The Role of Physical Therapists in the Medical Response Team Following a Natural Disaster: Our Experience in Nepal. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Sep;45(9):644-6. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2015.0108.