Sigara İçen Periodontitisli Bireylerde Anti-Inflamatuvar Sitokinlerin Belirlenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 30 - 38, 01.03.2024

Gökhan Kasnak , Emre Cantürk Ural , Liubov Karagülle , Ayse Cansu Basegmez

Abstract

Periodontitis, dişleri destekleyen dokuları etkileyen kronik bir hastalık olup periodontal patojenlere karşı konak bağışık yanıt dengesizliklerinde ortaya çıkar. Sigara, periodontitisin başlangıcında ve ilerlemesinde önemli bir risk faktörüdür. İnflamatuvar süreç sırasında, sitokinlerin belirgin bir şekilde artışı kaçınılmaz olup inflamasyonun çözünmesi periodontitiste önem taşımaktadır. İnflamasyonun çözülmesinde başlıca rol alan sitokinler interlökin (IL)-4 ve IL-10’dur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, şiddetli periodontitisli, sigara içen bireylerde IL-4 ve -10'un lokal ve sistemik katılımını değerlendirmekti. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, sigara içen ve içmeyen olarak ayrılmış Evre III Derece C periodontitisli 50 birey ile yine sigara içen ve içmeyen olarak ayrılmış periodontal olarak sağlıklı 50 birey çalışmaya dahil edildi. Periodontal indekslerin kaydını takiben IL-4 ve IL-10 düzeylerinin serumda ve diş eti oluğu sıvısındaki (DOS) analizi için tüm katılımcılardan venöz kan ve DOS örnekleri alındı. Sitokişn değerleri multipleks immunoassay yöntemi ile belirlendi. İstatistiksel değerlendirme Mann-Whitney U, Student-t ve Ki-kare testleri kullanılarak yapıldı. Araştırmamızda, periodontitisli bireyler arasında tüm periodontal indekslerin, sağlıklı bireylere oranla istatistiksel olarak önemli ölçüde yüksek olduğu bulundu (p<0.05). Sigara içmeyen ve içen periodontitisli bireylerin DOS IL-4 ve -10 düzeyleri, sağlıklı bireylerinkinden belirgin olarak daha düşüktü (p<0.05). Sigara içen periodontitisli bireylerin DOS IL-4 düzeyleri ise diğer tüm gruplardan daha düşük bulundu (p<0.05). Serum IL-4 ve -10 konsantrasyonları sigara içen periodontitisli bireylerde, diğer tüm gruplara kıyasla düşüktü (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, periodontal inflamasyonun başlaması ve ilerlemesi, anti-inflamatuarın yetersiz yanıtına veya eksikliğine bağlanabilir. Sigara, potansiyel olarak IL-4 ve -10 için baskılayıcı bir işlev görebilir.

Keywords

İnterlökin, Diş eti oluğu sıvısı, Plazma, Serum, Periodontitis, Nikotin

Ethical Statement

Çalışma 24.03.2008 tarihli İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Etik Kurulu toplantısında onaylanmıştır

Supporting Institution

İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Project Number

1217

Thanks

Çalışmamızı değerlendirmeye aldığınız için teşekkür ederiz, saygılarımızla.

Determination of the Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals with Periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontitis, a chronic condition impacting the supportive tissues of teeth, manifests when the host's immune response becomes imbalanced with periodontal pathogens. Smoking emerges as a significant risk factor in both initiation and progression of periodontitis. During inflammatory process, a conspicuous upregulation of both proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines is unavoidable. Resolution of inflammation holds significance in the context of periodontitis, predominantly orchestrated by immune cells generating interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. Objective of this study was to evaluate the local and systemic involvement of IL-4 and -10 in individuals with severe periodontitis who are smokers. Fifty individuals with Stage III Grade C periodontitis were recruited, comprising both smokers and non-smokers, along with an additional fifty periodontally healthy individuals who were divided into smoking and non-smoking categories. Comprehensive periodontal indices were documented for all participants, and both venous blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained for cytokine level analysis. Levels of IL-4 and -10 in GCF and serum samples were determined using a multiplex immunoassay. Statistical evaluation involved the use of Mann-Whitney U, Student-t, and Chi-square tests. In our investigation, all periodontal indices among individuals with periodontitis exhibited a statistically significant elevation compared to those of their healthy counterparts (p<0.05). Levels of IL-4 and -10 in the GCF of non-smoking and smoking individuals with periodontitis were notably lower than those in the GCF of healthy individuals (p<0.05). Smoking individuals with periodontitis had the lowest GCF IL-4 levels than other groups (p<0.05). Serum concentrations of IL-4 and -10 in periodontitis patients who were smoking exhibited a reduction compared to all other groups (p<0.05). It can be inferred that the onset and advancement of periodontal inflammation might be attributed to a deficiency or inadequate response to anti-inflammatory. Smoking could potentially act as a co-suppressor for IL-4 and -10.

Keywords

Interleukin, Gingivalcrevicular fluid, Plasma, Serum, Periodontitis, Nicotine

Ethical Statement

This research was ethically approved on the date of 24.03.2008 by the Ethical Commission of the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committe

Supporting Institution

Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects Department

Project Number

1217

Thanks

We appreciate the consideration of our research paper. Yours Sincerely.

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