Research Article
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Kadınların Hayız Halindeyken Camiye Girip Giremeyeceklerine Dair Fikhî Hükmün Analizi

Year 2022, Issue: 57, 63 - 70, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.5152/ilted.2022.2243108

Abstract

Klasik fıkıh eserlerine göre hayız halindeyken kadınların bazı ibadetleri yapması yasaktır. Bu yasaklardan bir tanesi de hayız halindeyken camiye girilmemesidir. Ancak günümüzde kadınların hayız halinde olsalar bile camiye girebileceklerine dair verilmiş bir çok fetva vardır. Bu makalede, kadınların hayız haliydeyken mescide girip giremeyeceklerine dair klasik görüşler ve bu görüşlerin delilleri analiz edilecektir. Makalemiz üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde hayzın asgari ve azami süresi gibi konu ile irtibatlı genel bilgiler, ikinci bölümde hayız döneminde kadınların yapmaması gereken ibadetler ve camiye girme meselesi ile dört mezhep ulemasının delilleri tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca ikinci bölümde Şâfiî mezhebinin bu hususta önemli ayrıntılara yer vermeleri ve modern dönemde verilen fetvalara temel oluşturmaları bakımından ilgili görüşleri özellikle sunulacaktır. Son bölümde ise modern dönemde verilen fetvalar incelenecektir. Böylece kadınların hayız durumunda camiye girmelerine ilişkin fıkhi hükmün sistematik olarak incelenmesi sunulacaktır.

References

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  • Almuways, Yasir. “The (Fiqh) Rulings on the Natural Blood of Women (in Islam)”, Accessed 16 April 2022. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349928584_The_Fiqh_ Rulings_on_the_Natural_Blood_of_Women_in_Islam
  • Auda, Jasser. “Reciting Quran & Tawaf: Women In Menses Excluded?”, Accessed 17 April 2022. https://www.jasserauda.net/portal/reciting-quran-tawaf-women-menses-excluded/?lang=en
  • Beck, Lois. “The Religious Lives of Muslim Women”. Women in Contemporary Muslim Societies. ed. Jane I. Smith. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 1980.
  • Bukhārī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl ibn Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mughīrah ibn Bardizbah al-Ju‘fī. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: al-Jāmi’ al-Musnad al-Sahīh al-Mukhtaṣar min umūr Rasûl Allāh wa sunnanihi wa ayyāmihi. Riyadh: Dār al-Salam, 1420/1999.
  • Dar al- Iftaa al Mısrıya, “Entering the Mosque While in a State of Menstruation or Major Ritual Impurity”. Accessed 17 April 2022. https://www.daralifta.org/Foreign/View Fatwa.aspx?ID=10509
  • European Council for Fatwa ”Jurisprudential Developments of the European Muslim Woman”. Accessed 17 April 2022. https://www.e-cfr.org/en/2020/06/23/the-24th-ordinary-session-of-the- european-council-for-fatwa-and-research-held-in-istanbul/
  • Haçkalı, Abdurrahman. “Adetli Kadının Namaz Kılması, Oruç Tutması, Tavaf Etmesi ve Mescide Girmesi”. Güncel Dini Meseleler İstişare Toplantısı-V İbadetler ve Aile Hayatı ile İlgili Bazı Meseleler (30.11.2012 - 02.12.2012 Afyonkarahisar). tsh. Hacı Duran Namlı. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 2018.
  • Haytamī, Shibab al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad ibn 'Alī ibn Hajar. Tuhfat al-Muhtāj li Sharh Al-Minhāj. Critical ed. Abdallah Mahmud Umar. 4 Vol. Beirut: Dār al Kotob al-Ilmıyyah, 1432/2011.
  • Ibn Hazm, Abū Muḥammad 'Alī Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Sa'īd. al-Muhalla. Critical ed. Abd al-Gaffar Suleyman. Beirut, Libanon: Dār al-Kotob al-Ilmıyyah, 1424/2003.
  • Ibn Kathīr, Abū al-Fiḍā ‘Imād Ad-Din Ismā‘īl Ibn ‘Umar Ibn Kathīr al-Qurashī. Tafseer al-Qur'ān al-'Aẓeem. Trans. Bekir Karlığa - Bedrettin Çetiner. Istanbul: Cağrı Puplication, 1994.
  • Ibn Rushd, Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Qurtubī. Bidayāt al Mujtahid wanihayāt al-muqtasid. ed. al-Sheiykh Ali Muhammad Muawwad - Adil Ahmad Abdul-Mawjud. Beirut: Dār al- Kotob al-Ilmıyyah, 1434/2013.
  • Iftaa’ Department at Jordan, “A Menstruating Woman is Prohibited to Enter a Mosque”, Accessed 17 April 2022. https://aliftaa.jo/QuestionEn.aspx?QuestionId=730 #.Yls4JShBw2w
  • Jaṣṣāṣ, Abū Bakr Aḥmad Ibn 'Alī al-Rāzī. Aḥkām al-Qur’ān. 2 vol. Beirut, Libanon: Dār al-Kotob al-Ilmıyyah, 2001.
  • Koç, Zafer. “Âdetli Kadının Mescide Girmesi, Tavaf Yapması, İddet Bekleyen Kadının Evden Çıkması ve Haccetmesi”. Güncel Dini Meseleler İstişare Toplantısı-V İbadetler ve Aile Hayatı ile İlgili Bazı Meseleler (30.11.2012 - 02.12.2012 Afyonkarahisar). tsh. Hacı Duran Namlı. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 2018.
  • Katz, Marion Holmes. Women in the Mosque: A History of Legal Thought and Social Practice. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014.
  • Maturidī, Abū Mansur. Tawilât al-Qur’ân. ed. Muhammad Masum Vanlıoğlu. 17 volume. Istanbul: Mizan Publication, 2009.
  • Muslim, Abū al-Ḥusayn Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim Ibn al-Ḥajjāj Ibn Muslim Ibn Ward Ibn Kawshādh al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim:al-Musnadu al-Sahihu bi Naklil Adlī. Riyadh: Dār al-Salam, 1421/2000.
  • Nasr ad-Din, Sulayman “Hukm ad-Dukhul al-Junub va al-Haid”. Accessed 17 April 2022. http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/
  • Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā Ibn Sharaf. al-Majmu’ Sharh al-Muhadhab. Critical ed. Muhammad Najeb al-Mutui. Jeddah: Maktabah al-Irshad, 1429/2008.
  • Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā Ibn Sharaf. al-Minhāj. np.: Dār al-Ilmıyyah, nd.
  • Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā Ibn Sharaf. Rawdat al-tālibīn. Critical ed. Zuhayr Shavesh. 2 Volume. Beirut, Libanon: al-Maktaba al-Islamıyyah, 1991.
  • Qalyubī, Shahab ad-Din Ahmad b. Ahmad b. Salama - Umaira, Shihab ad Din Ahmad. Hāshiyatāyn Qalyubī wa-’Umayra ala Minhāj al-Talibin. Cairo: Maktaba Mustafa al-Babī al-Halabī, 1385/1965.
  • Qāsānī, Abū Bekr b. Mesūd b. Ahmed. Badāi’ al-Sanai’ fī Tartīb al-Sharai. Beirut: Dār al-Kotob al-Ilmıyyah, 1418/1997.
  • Reinhart, Kevin. “When Women Went to Mosques: al-Aydini on the Duration of Assessments”. Islamic Legal Interpretation: Muftis and Their Fatwas. ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud et al. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.
  • Sarakhsī, Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abi Sahl Abū Bakr. al-Mabsût. Istanbul: Çağrı Publication, 1982.
  • Shāfiī, Abū 'Abdillāh Muhammad Ibn Idrīs. al-Umm. Dār al-Vafa, 2001.
  • Shawkānī, Muhammad Ibn Ali Ibn Muhammad Ibn Abdullah. Nayl al-Awtar Sharh Muntaqa al-Akhbar. Lebanon: Bayt al-Afkar al-Duvalī, 2004.
  • Shirbīnī, Shams al-Dīn Muhammad Ibn Ahmad al-Khātib. Mughni al-Muhtāj ila Ma’rifat al-Ma’ani Alfaz Sharh al-Minhāj. Critical ed. Muhammad Muhammad Tamir & Ash-Shaykh Sharif Abd Allah. Cairo: Dār al-Hadīth, 2006.
  • Soyal Şenol, Şule. “Kadınların Özel Hallerinde Mescide Girmesini İlgilendiren Rivâyetlerin Tahlili ve Değerlendirilmesi”. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 9/1 (2019) 241-264.
  • Turkish High Board of Religious Affairs “Can a menstruating or puerperant woman enter the mosque?”, Accessed 17 April 2022. https://kurul.diyanet.gov.tr/Cevap-Ara/108/adetli-veya-lohusa- kadin-camiye-girebilir-mi-?enc=QisAbR4bAkZg1HImMxXRn5PJ8DgFEAoa2xtNuyterRk%3
  • Yavuz, Yunus Vehbi. “Hayız”. Turkish Religious Foundation Encyclopedia of Islam 17/51-53. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 1988.
  • Yüksek, Ali. “İslam Fıkhına Göre Kadınların Âdet ve Lohusalık Günlerinde Mescitlere Giriş Sorunu”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 41 (2016), 77- 97.
  • Zamakhsharī, Abū al-Qasım Jarallah Mahmud b. Omar b. Mohammed. al-Kashshaf ‘an Haqa’iq al-Tanzil. Beirut: Dār al-Marifah, 1947.
  • Zaydān, 'Abd al-Karīm. al-Mufaṣṣal fī Aḥkām al-Mar'a wa’l-Bayt al-Muslim fī’l-Sharī'a al-Islāmīya. Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Risāla, 1420/2000.
  • Zaylaī, Abdullah b. Yusuf. Nasb al-Raya. Jeddah: Dār al-Kıbla al-sakafah al-Islamıyyah, nd.

An Analysis of the Legal Provisions of Entering the Mosque for Menstruated Women

Year 2022, Issue: 57, 63 - 70, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.5152/ilted.2022.2243108

Abstract

There are some main prohibitions placed upon the menstruating woman in Islamic Law. One of these prohibitions mentioned in classical books is known that women cannot enter the mosque while they are menstruating. However, there are many fatwas given that women can enter the mosque when they are menstruating, especially today. In this paper, we investigate the question of the permissibility of entering a mosque for menstruating women according to Islamic law. Our paper consists of three main chapters. After establishing a general framework, in the second chapter, we will shortly discuss the positions of all four Sunnī schools of law on this issue. Also in the second chapter, we will especially present the related opinions of the members of the Shāfiī school of law, as they include detailed issues in this regard and gave the basis for the fatwas given in the modern period. Finally, we will elaborate on the general framework and revisit contamporary positions with their supporting proofs and arguments. Thereby we will offer a systematic examination of the juristic ruling of entering a mosque for menstruating women.

References

  • Abou el-Fadl, Khaled. Speaking in God’s Name: Islamic Law, Authority and Women. Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 2001.
  • Almuways, Yasir. “The (Fiqh) Rulings on the Natural Blood of Women (in Islam)”, Accessed 16 April 2022. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349928584_The_Fiqh_ Rulings_on_the_Natural_Blood_of_Women_in_Islam
  • Auda, Jasser. “Reciting Quran & Tawaf: Women In Menses Excluded?”, Accessed 17 April 2022. https://www.jasserauda.net/portal/reciting-quran-tawaf-women-menses-excluded/?lang=en
  • Beck, Lois. “The Religious Lives of Muslim Women”. Women in Contemporary Muslim Societies. ed. Jane I. Smith. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 1980.
  • Bukhārī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl ibn Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mughīrah ibn Bardizbah al-Ju‘fī. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: al-Jāmi’ al-Musnad al-Sahīh al-Mukhtaṣar min umūr Rasûl Allāh wa sunnanihi wa ayyāmihi. Riyadh: Dār al-Salam, 1420/1999.
  • Dar al- Iftaa al Mısrıya, “Entering the Mosque While in a State of Menstruation or Major Ritual Impurity”. Accessed 17 April 2022. https://www.daralifta.org/Foreign/View Fatwa.aspx?ID=10509
  • European Council for Fatwa ”Jurisprudential Developments of the European Muslim Woman”. Accessed 17 April 2022. https://www.e-cfr.org/en/2020/06/23/the-24th-ordinary-session-of-the- european-council-for-fatwa-and-research-held-in-istanbul/
  • Haçkalı, Abdurrahman. “Adetli Kadının Namaz Kılması, Oruç Tutması, Tavaf Etmesi ve Mescide Girmesi”. Güncel Dini Meseleler İstişare Toplantısı-V İbadetler ve Aile Hayatı ile İlgili Bazı Meseleler (30.11.2012 - 02.12.2012 Afyonkarahisar). tsh. Hacı Duran Namlı. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 2018.
  • Haytamī, Shibab al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad ibn 'Alī ibn Hajar. Tuhfat al-Muhtāj li Sharh Al-Minhāj. Critical ed. Abdallah Mahmud Umar. 4 Vol. Beirut: Dār al Kotob al-Ilmıyyah, 1432/2011.
  • Ibn Hazm, Abū Muḥammad 'Alī Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Sa'īd. al-Muhalla. Critical ed. Abd al-Gaffar Suleyman. Beirut, Libanon: Dār al-Kotob al-Ilmıyyah, 1424/2003.
  • Ibn Kathīr, Abū al-Fiḍā ‘Imād Ad-Din Ismā‘īl Ibn ‘Umar Ibn Kathīr al-Qurashī. Tafseer al-Qur'ān al-'Aẓeem. Trans. Bekir Karlığa - Bedrettin Çetiner. Istanbul: Cağrı Puplication, 1994.
  • Ibn Rushd, Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Qurtubī. Bidayāt al Mujtahid wanihayāt al-muqtasid. ed. al-Sheiykh Ali Muhammad Muawwad - Adil Ahmad Abdul-Mawjud. Beirut: Dār al- Kotob al-Ilmıyyah, 1434/2013.
  • Iftaa’ Department at Jordan, “A Menstruating Woman is Prohibited to Enter a Mosque”, Accessed 17 April 2022. https://aliftaa.jo/QuestionEn.aspx?QuestionId=730 #.Yls4JShBw2w
  • Jaṣṣāṣ, Abū Bakr Aḥmad Ibn 'Alī al-Rāzī. Aḥkām al-Qur’ān. 2 vol. Beirut, Libanon: Dār al-Kotob al-Ilmıyyah, 2001.
  • Koç, Zafer. “Âdetli Kadının Mescide Girmesi, Tavaf Yapması, İddet Bekleyen Kadının Evden Çıkması ve Haccetmesi”. Güncel Dini Meseleler İstişare Toplantısı-V İbadetler ve Aile Hayatı ile İlgili Bazı Meseleler (30.11.2012 - 02.12.2012 Afyonkarahisar). tsh. Hacı Duran Namlı. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 2018.
  • Katz, Marion Holmes. Women in the Mosque: A History of Legal Thought and Social Practice. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014.
  • Maturidī, Abū Mansur. Tawilât al-Qur’ân. ed. Muhammad Masum Vanlıoğlu. 17 volume. Istanbul: Mizan Publication, 2009.
  • Muslim, Abū al-Ḥusayn Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim Ibn al-Ḥajjāj Ibn Muslim Ibn Ward Ibn Kawshādh al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim:al-Musnadu al-Sahihu bi Naklil Adlī. Riyadh: Dār al-Salam, 1421/2000.
  • Nasr ad-Din, Sulayman “Hukm ad-Dukhul al-Junub va al-Haid”. Accessed 17 April 2022. http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/
  • Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā Ibn Sharaf. al-Majmu’ Sharh al-Muhadhab. Critical ed. Muhammad Najeb al-Mutui. Jeddah: Maktabah al-Irshad, 1429/2008.
  • Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā Ibn Sharaf. al-Minhāj. np.: Dār al-Ilmıyyah, nd.
  • Nawawī, Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā Ibn Sharaf. Rawdat al-tālibīn. Critical ed. Zuhayr Shavesh. 2 Volume. Beirut, Libanon: al-Maktaba al-Islamıyyah, 1991.
  • Qalyubī, Shahab ad-Din Ahmad b. Ahmad b. Salama - Umaira, Shihab ad Din Ahmad. Hāshiyatāyn Qalyubī wa-’Umayra ala Minhāj al-Talibin. Cairo: Maktaba Mustafa al-Babī al-Halabī, 1385/1965.
  • Qāsānī, Abū Bekr b. Mesūd b. Ahmed. Badāi’ al-Sanai’ fī Tartīb al-Sharai. Beirut: Dār al-Kotob al-Ilmıyyah, 1418/1997.
  • Reinhart, Kevin. “When Women Went to Mosques: al-Aydini on the Duration of Assessments”. Islamic Legal Interpretation: Muftis and Their Fatwas. ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud et al. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.
  • Sarakhsī, Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abi Sahl Abū Bakr. al-Mabsût. Istanbul: Çağrı Publication, 1982.
  • Shāfiī, Abū 'Abdillāh Muhammad Ibn Idrīs. al-Umm. Dār al-Vafa, 2001.
  • Shawkānī, Muhammad Ibn Ali Ibn Muhammad Ibn Abdullah. Nayl al-Awtar Sharh Muntaqa al-Akhbar. Lebanon: Bayt al-Afkar al-Duvalī, 2004.
  • Shirbīnī, Shams al-Dīn Muhammad Ibn Ahmad al-Khātib. Mughni al-Muhtāj ila Ma’rifat al-Ma’ani Alfaz Sharh al-Minhāj. Critical ed. Muhammad Muhammad Tamir & Ash-Shaykh Sharif Abd Allah. Cairo: Dār al-Hadīth, 2006.
  • Soyal Şenol, Şule. “Kadınların Özel Hallerinde Mescide Girmesini İlgilendiren Rivâyetlerin Tahlili ve Değerlendirilmesi”. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 9/1 (2019) 241-264.
  • Turkish High Board of Religious Affairs “Can a menstruating or puerperant woman enter the mosque?”, Accessed 17 April 2022. https://kurul.diyanet.gov.tr/Cevap-Ara/108/adetli-veya-lohusa- kadin-camiye-girebilir-mi-?enc=QisAbR4bAkZg1HImMxXRn5PJ8DgFEAoa2xtNuyterRk%3
  • Yavuz, Yunus Vehbi. “Hayız”. Turkish Religious Foundation Encyclopedia of Islam 17/51-53. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 1988.
  • Yüksek, Ali. “İslam Fıkhına Göre Kadınların Âdet ve Lohusalık Günlerinde Mescitlere Giriş Sorunu”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 41 (2016), 77- 97.
  • Zamakhsharī, Abū al-Qasım Jarallah Mahmud b. Omar b. Mohammed. al-Kashshaf ‘an Haqa’iq al-Tanzil. Beirut: Dār al-Marifah, 1947.
  • Zaydān, 'Abd al-Karīm. al-Mufaṣṣal fī Aḥkām al-Mar'a wa’l-Bayt al-Muslim fī’l-Sharī'a al-Islāmīya. Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Risāla, 1420/2000.
  • Zaylaī, Abdullah b. Yusuf. Nasb al-Raya. Jeddah: Dār al-Kıbla al-sakafah al-Islamıyyah, nd.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tuba Erkoç Baydar

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date April 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 57

Cite

APA Erkoç Baydar, T. (2022). An Analysis of the Legal Provisions of Entering the Mosque for Menstruated Women. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi(57), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.5152/ilted.2022.2243108
AMA Erkoç Baydar T. An Analysis of the Legal Provisions of Entering the Mosque for Menstruated Women. ilted. June 2022;(57):63-70. doi:10.5152/ilted.2022.2243108
Chicago Erkoç Baydar, Tuba. “An Analysis of the Legal Provisions of Entering the Mosque for Menstruated Women”. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, no. 57 (June 2022): 63-70. https://doi.org/10.5152/ilted.2022.2243108.
EndNote Erkoç Baydar T (June 1, 2022) An Analysis of the Legal Provisions of Entering the Mosque for Menstruated Women. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi 57 63–70.
IEEE T. Erkoç Baydar, “An Analysis of the Legal Provisions of Entering the Mosque for Menstruated Women”, ilted, no. 57, pp. 63–70, June 2022, doi: 10.5152/ilted.2022.2243108.
ISNAD Erkoç Baydar, Tuba. “An Analysis of the Legal Provisions of Entering the Mosque for Menstruated Women”. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi 57 (June 2022), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.5152/ilted.2022.2243108.
JAMA Erkoç Baydar T. An Analysis of the Legal Provisions of Entering the Mosque for Menstruated Women. ilted. 2022;:63–70.
MLA Erkoç Baydar, Tuba. “An Analysis of the Legal Provisions of Entering the Mosque for Menstruated Women”. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, no. 57, 2022, pp. 63-70, doi:10.5152/ilted.2022.2243108.
Vancouver Erkoç Baydar T. An Analysis of the Legal Provisions of Entering the Mosque for Menstruated Women. ilted. 2022(57):63-70.