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GAZETECİLİK ve MESLEKÎ GÜVENİRLİĞİ GELİŞTİRMENİN OLANAKLARI

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 20 - 41, 31.05.2024

Abstract

Bu çalışmada gazetecilik bölümlerinde verilmekte olan eğitimin, gazetecilerin güven duyulabilir meslek profesyonelleri olarak kabul görmelerine katkı sağlayıp-sağlayamadığını konu edinmektedir. Bu konuyu ele alma nedenim, 21. Yüzyılda iktisadi düzen, siyasal alan ve kültürel üretimde önemli değişimler olması ve tüm bu olumlu ve olumsuz değişim-dönüşüm pratikleri ile bağlantılı olarak haber medyasına halkın güveninin hayli azalmış olmasıdır. Gazetecilik mesleğinin profesyonel norm ve kodları 20. Yüzyılın başlarında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde pozitivist bilim kavrayışından hareketle tesis edilmiş; diğer pek çok ülkedeki gazeteciler tarafından da model olarak alınmıştır. 21. Yüzyılda dijital iletişim teknolojisi , haber üretim ve tüketiminde pek çok yeniliğe yol açarken bilgi kirliliği ve yalan haberin de yeni çağın önemli bir sorunu olarak belirginleşmesine yol açmıştır. Gazetecilik mesleğinin temel uğraşı olan haber üretim pratiğinin dönüşümü, mesleki kod ve normlarının da yeniden kurgulanmasını kaçınılmaz kılmaktadır. Bu noktada akademinin öncü bir rol üstlenmesi; gazeteciler ile halk arasındaki güvene dayalı ilişkisinin güçlendirilmesi önemli ve gereklidir. Böylesi bir inançtan hareketle, çalışmanın araştırma kısmında Türkiye’deki tüm gazetecilik bölümlerinin müfredatları taranmış ve toplumsal eşitsizlik, çatışma, dezavantajlılığı neden-sonuç ilişkisi bağlamında irdeleyen derslerin oranları tespit edilmiştir. Mevcut müfredatlar ile gazetecilik bölümlerinin eğitimlerinin, çoğulcu toplum modeli ve toplumun tüm kesimlerini ilgilendiren sorunları kapsayan bir müfredata sahip olmadıkları görülmüştür.

Ethical Statement

Etik beyan gerekli değildir.

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen kurum yok.

Thanks

Münevver Arı ve Prof. Dr. Temmuz Gönç Şavran'a makaleyi okuyarak değerlendirmeleriyle verdikleri katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Abbot, A. (1988). The system of professions: An essay on the division of expert labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Bauman, Z. (2003). Yasa koyucular ile yorumcular (K. Atakay, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Bauman, Z. (2017). Akışkan modernite (S. O. Çavuş, Çev.). İstanbul: Can Sanat Yayınları.
  • Barber, B. (1963). Some problems in the sociology of the professions. American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 92(4), 669-688.
  • Carey, J. (2000). Some personal notes on US journalism education. Journalism, 1(1), 12-23. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/146488490000100103
  • Cangöz, İ. (2015). Değişen anlam ve değerleriyle gazetecilik. Ankara: Sınırsız.
  • Downie, R. S. (1990). Professions and professionalism. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 24(2), 147-159.
  • Evetts, J. (2003). The sociological analysis of professionalism: Occupational change in the modern world. International Sociology, 18(2), 395-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580903018002005
  • Farid, A. S. (2023). Changing the paradigm of traditional journalism to digital journalism: Impact on professionalism and journalism credibility. Journal International Dakwah and Communication, 3(1), 22-32.
  • Fisher, C. (2016). The trouble with ‘trust’ in news media. Communication Research and Practice. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22041451.2016.1261251
  • Fishman, M. (1980). Manufacturing the news. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Folkerts, J. (2014). History of journalism education. Journalism and Communication Monographs, 16(4), 227-299. Foucault, M. (2019). Hapishanenin doğuşu (M. A. Kılıçbay, Çev., 8. Baskı). İstanbul: İmge.
  • Gaunt, P. (1988). The training of journalists in France, Britain, and the U.S. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 65(3), 582-588.
  • Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Gürkan, N. (1998). Türkiye’de demokrasi’ye geçişte basın (1945). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Hallin, D. (1997). Commercialism and professionalism in the American news media. In J. Curran & M. Gurevitch (Eds.), Mass media and society (pp. 243-262). London: Arnold.
  • Hanitzsch, T. (2013). Journalism, participative media and trust in a comparative context. İçinde C. Peters & M. Broersma (Der.), Rethinking journalism: Trust and participation in a transformed news landscape (pp. 200-209). London: Routledge.
  • Hanitzsch, T., van Dalen, A., & Steindl, N. (2018). Caught in the nexus: A comparative and longitudinal analysis of public trust in the press. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(1), 3-23.
  • Josephi, B. (2020). Journalism education. İçinde K. Wahl-Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch (Der.), The handbook of journalism studies (2nd ed., pp. 132-145). London: Routledge.
  • Kılıç, D. (2021). Dijital dünyada habercilik pratikleri. Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.
  • Koliska, M., Moroney, E., & Beavers, R. (2023). Trust through relationships in journalism. Journalism Studies. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1461670X.2023.2209807
  • Larson, M. S. (1977). The rise of professionalism. Berkeley: University of California Press. Luhmann, N. (2017). Trust and power. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734.
  • Mies, M. (1996). Feminist araştırmalar için bir metodolojiye doğru. İçinde S. Çakır & N. Akgökçe (Der.), Farklı feminizmler açısından kadın araştırmalarında yöntem s. 48-64. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Newton, E. (2012). Promise, peril of “teaching hospitals”. International Journal of Communication, 6, Feature 2670-2673.
  • Odabaşıoğlu, C. (Ed.). (1993). Trabzon milli mücadele yılları basını 1919-1925. Trabzon.
  • Prochazka, F., & Schweiger, W. (2019). How to measure generalized trust in news media? An adaptation and test of scales. Communication Methods and Measures, 13(1), 26-42.
  • Reich, Z. (2011a). Source Credibility and Journalism: Journalism Practice, 5(1), 51-67.
  • Reich, Z. (2011b). Source Credibility as a Journalistic Work Tool, İçinde: B. Fanklin ve M. Carlson (Der.) Journalists, Sources, and Credibility: New Perspectives, New York: Routledge, s.16-39.
  • Sambrook, R. (2012). Delivering trust: impartiality and objectivity in the digital age (Publisher's version). Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reports. University of Oxford. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/delivering-trust-impartiality-and-objectivity-digital-age
  • Schudson, M. (2022). What does “trust in the media” mean? Dædalus, 151(4), 144-160.
  • Solkin, L. (2022). Journalism education in the 21st century: A thematic analysis of the research literature. Journalism, 23(2), 444-460.
  • Somel, S. A. (2001). Osmanlı reform çağında Osmanlıcılık düşüncesi (1839-1913). İçinde Tanzimat ve Meşrutiyet’in birikimi (pp. 11-26). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Sztompka, P. (1999). Trust: A sociological theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Törenli, N., & Kıyan, Z. (2019). Analysing journalism skills: A field study on Turkish case. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 57, 195-223.
  • Tsfati, Y., & Ariely, G. (2014). Individual and contextual correlates of trust in media across 44 countries. Communication Research, 41(6), 760-782.
  • Tuchman, G. (1972). Making news. New York: Free Press.
  • Van Dalen, A. (2020). Journalism, trust, and credibility. In K. Wahl-Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch (Eds.), The handbook of journalism studies (2nd ed., pp. 230-244). London: Sage.
  • Vos, T. (2011). Homo journalisticus: Journalism education’s role in articulating the objectivity norm. Journalism, 12(3), 229-244.
  • Zelizer, B. (2004). When facts, truth, and reality are God-terms: On journalism’s uneasy place in cultural studies. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 1(1), 100-119.

Possibilities for Improving Journalism and Professional Credibility

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 20 - 41, 31.05.2024

Abstract

This study focuses on whether the education provided in journalism departments contributes to the acceptance of journalists as trustworthy professionals. My reason for addressing this issue is that there have been significant changes in the economic order, political sphere and cultural production in the 21st century, and in connection with all these positive and negative change-transformation practices, public trust in the news media has decreased considerably. The professional norms and codes of the journalism profession were established in the early 20th century in the United States of America based on the positivist conception of science and were taken as a model by journalists in many other countries. In the 21st century, digital communication technology has led to many innovations in news production and consumption, while information pollution and fake news have become evident as an important problem of the new age. The transformation of news production practice, which is the main occupation of the journalism profession, makes it inevitable to reconstruct professional codes and norms. At this point, it is important and necessary for the academy to assume a pioneering role and to strengthen the trust-based relationship between journalists and the public. Based on such a belief, in the research part of the study, the curricula of all journalism departments in Turkey were scanned and the proportion of courses that examine social inequality, conflict and disadvantage in the context of cause-effect relationship was determined. It has been observed that the current curricula and the education of journalism departments do not have a pluralistic society model and a curriculum that covers the problems that concern all segments of society.

References

  • Abbot, A. (1988). The system of professions: An essay on the division of expert labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Bauman, Z. (2003). Yasa koyucular ile yorumcular (K. Atakay, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Bauman, Z. (2017). Akışkan modernite (S. O. Çavuş, Çev.). İstanbul: Can Sanat Yayınları.
  • Barber, B. (1963). Some problems in the sociology of the professions. American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 92(4), 669-688.
  • Carey, J. (2000). Some personal notes on US journalism education. Journalism, 1(1), 12-23. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/146488490000100103
  • Cangöz, İ. (2015). Değişen anlam ve değerleriyle gazetecilik. Ankara: Sınırsız.
  • Downie, R. S. (1990). Professions and professionalism. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 24(2), 147-159.
  • Evetts, J. (2003). The sociological analysis of professionalism: Occupational change in the modern world. International Sociology, 18(2), 395-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580903018002005
  • Farid, A. S. (2023). Changing the paradigm of traditional journalism to digital journalism: Impact on professionalism and journalism credibility. Journal International Dakwah and Communication, 3(1), 22-32.
  • Fisher, C. (2016). The trouble with ‘trust’ in news media. Communication Research and Practice. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22041451.2016.1261251
  • Fishman, M. (1980). Manufacturing the news. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Folkerts, J. (2014). History of journalism education. Journalism and Communication Monographs, 16(4), 227-299. Foucault, M. (2019). Hapishanenin doğuşu (M. A. Kılıçbay, Çev., 8. Baskı). İstanbul: İmge.
  • Gaunt, P. (1988). The training of journalists in France, Britain, and the U.S. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 65(3), 582-588.
  • Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Gürkan, N. (1998). Türkiye’de demokrasi’ye geçişte basın (1945). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Hallin, D. (1997). Commercialism and professionalism in the American news media. In J. Curran & M. Gurevitch (Eds.), Mass media and society (pp. 243-262). London: Arnold.
  • Hanitzsch, T. (2013). Journalism, participative media and trust in a comparative context. İçinde C. Peters & M. Broersma (Der.), Rethinking journalism: Trust and participation in a transformed news landscape (pp. 200-209). London: Routledge.
  • Hanitzsch, T., van Dalen, A., & Steindl, N. (2018). Caught in the nexus: A comparative and longitudinal analysis of public trust in the press. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(1), 3-23.
  • Josephi, B. (2020). Journalism education. İçinde K. Wahl-Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch (Der.), The handbook of journalism studies (2nd ed., pp. 132-145). London: Routledge.
  • Kılıç, D. (2021). Dijital dünyada habercilik pratikleri. Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.
  • Koliska, M., Moroney, E., & Beavers, R. (2023). Trust through relationships in journalism. Journalism Studies. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1461670X.2023.2209807
  • Larson, M. S. (1977). The rise of professionalism. Berkeley: University of California Press. Luhmann, N. (2017). Trust and power. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734.
  • Mies, M. (1996). Feminist araştırmalar için bir metodolojiye doğru. İçinde S. Çakır & N. Akgökçe (Der.), Farklı feminizmler açısından kadın araştırmalarında yöntem s. 48-64. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Newton, E. (2012). Promise, peril of “teaching hospitals”. International Journal of Communication, 6, Feature 2670-2673.
  • Odabaşıoğlu, C. (Ed.). (1993). Trabzon milli mücadele yılları basını 1919-1925. Trabzon.
  • Prochazka, F., & Schweiger, W. (2019). How to measure generalized trust in news media? An adaptation and test of scales. Communication Methods and Measures, 13(1), 26-42.
  • Reich, Z. (2011a). Source Credibility and Journalism: Journalism Practice, 5(1), 51-67.
  • Reich, Z. (2011b). Source Credibility as a Journalistic Work Tool, İçinde: B. Fanklin ve M. Carlson (Der.) Journalists, Sources, and Credibility: New Perspectives, New York: Routledge, s.16-39.
  • Sambrook, R. (2012). Delivering trust: impartiality and objectivity in the digital age (Publisher's version). Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reports. University of Oxford. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/delivering-trust-impartiality-and-objectivity-digital-age
  • Schudson, M. (2022). What does “trust in the media” mean? Dædalus, 151(4), 144-160.
  • Solkin, L. (2022). Journalism education in the 21st century: A thematic analysis of the research literature. Journalism, 23(2), 444-460.
  • Somel, S. A. (2001). Osmanlı reform çağında Osmanlıcılık düşüncesi (1839-1913). İçinde Tanzimat ve Meşrutiyet’in birikimi (pp. 11-26). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Sztompka, P. (1999). Trust: A sociological theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Törenli, N., & Kıyan, Z. (2019). Analysing journalism skills: A field study on Turkish case. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 57, 195-223.
  • Tsfati, Y., & Ariely, G. (2014). Individual and contextual correlates of trust in media across 44 countries. Communication Research, 41(6), 760-782.
  • Tuchman, G. (1972). Making news. New York: Free Press.
  • Van Dalen, A. (2020). Journalism, trust, and credibility. In K. Wahl-Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch (Eds.), The handbook of journalism studies (2nd ed., pp. 230-244). London: Sage.
  • Vos, T. (2011). Homo journalisticus: Journalism education’s role in articulating the objectivity norm. Journalism, 12(3), 229-244.
  • Zelizer, B. (2004). When facts, truth, and reality are God-terms: On journalism’s uneasy place in cultural studies. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 1(1), 100-119.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Journalism Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İncilay Cangoz 0000-0002-2670-444X

Publication Date May 31, 2024
Submission Date April 15, 2024
Acceptance Date May 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cangoz, İ. (2024). GAZETECİLİK ve MESLEKÎ GÜVENİRLİĞİ GELİŞTİRMENİN OLANAKLARI. İnterdisipliner Medya Ve İletişim Çalışmaları, 1(1), 20-41.