EGZERSİZİN SİGARA BAĞIMLILIĞI, YAŞAM KALİTESİ VE UYKU KALİTESİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 44 - 58, 19.02.2024

Özden Canbay Gökçek , Esra Doğru Hüzmeli , Mine Argalı Denız , Miray Başer , Nihan Katayıfçı , Fatma Öz , İrem Hüzmeli , Harun Durna , Faruk Töre , Sibel Doğru

https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1379955

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, yürüyüş bandı egzersizinin sigarayı bırakma üzerindeki etkinliği, uyku kalitesi ve yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkisi ile birlikte incelenmiştir. Sigarayı bırakmak isteyen 40 kişi rasgele iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Deney grubu 15 seanslık bir yürüyüş bandı egzersiz programına katılırken, kontrol grubu sigarayı bırakmaya yönelik herhangi bir müdahale almadı. Katılımcıların; demografik bilgileri kaydedildi. Uyku kaliteleri Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi Ölçeği ile yaşam kaliteleri Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği-Kısa Formu ile ve dispne şiddetleri Modifiye Borg Skalası ile değerlendirildi. Tedavi sonrasında deney grubunda dispnenin şiddeti önemli ölçüde azaldı. Her iki grup da tedaviden sonra uyku kalitesinde iyileşme gösterdi. Deney grubunda tedavi sonrasında yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin alt boyutlarında artış tespit edildi. Ayrıca, deney grubunda kaşeksi ve obezite olan katılımcıların sayısında azalma tespit edildi. Öte yandan, kontrol grubunun yaşam kalitesinde ve vücut kütle indeksi sınıflandırılmasında önemli bir değişiklik tespit edilmedi. Araştırmada, yürüyüş bandı egzersizi eşliğinde sigarayı bırakmanın sadece dispnenin şiddetini azaltmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda yaşam kalitesini, uyku kalitesini ve genel sağlık algısını da iyileştirdiği sonucuna varıldı. Bu durum, sigarayı bırakmaya çalışan bireyler için faydalı olabilir.

Keywords

Bağımlılık, Egzersiz, Sigara, Uyku Kalitesi, Yaşam Kalitesi

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma Helsinki Deklarasyonu ilkelerine uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir (protokol no:2015/118).

Supporting Institution

Tübitak 2209-Üniversite Öğrencileri Yurt İçi/Yurt Dışı Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programından destek alınmıştır (proje başvuru no: 1919B011502120).

The Effect of Exercise on Smoking Addiction, Quality of Life and Sleep Quality

Abstract

In this study, the effectiveness of treadmill exercise on smoking cessation was examined, together with its effect on sleep quality and quality of life. Forty people who wanted to quit smoking were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group participated in a 15-session treadmill exercise program, while the control group did not receive any intervention for smoking cessation. Participants; demographic information was recorded. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale, quality of life was assessed using the Quality of Life Scale-Short Form, and dyspnea severity was assessed using the Modified Borg Scale. The severity of dyspnea decreased significantly in the experimental group after treatment. Both groups showed improvement in sleep quality after treatment. Sub-dimensions of the quality of life scale increased in the experimental group after treatment. In addition, the number of participants with cachexia and obesity decreased in the experimental group. On the other hand, no significant change was detected in the quality of life and body mass index classification of the control group. The study concluded that smoking cessation accompanied by treadmill exercise not only reduces the severity of dyspnea but also improves quality of life, sleep quality, and overall health perception. This may be useful for individuals trying to quit smoking.

Keywords

Addiction, Exercise, Quality of Life, Sleep Quality, Smoking

References

• Ağargün, M. Y., Kara, H. ve Anlar, Ö. (1996). Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksi’nin geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 7(2), 107-115.
• Bayassi-Jakowicka, M., Lietzau, G., Czuba, E., Steliga, A., Waśkow, M. ve Kowiański, P. (2021). Neuroplasticity and multilevel system of connections determine the ıntegrative role of nucleus accumbens in the brain reward system. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18), 9806.
• Benowitz, N. L. (2009). Pharmacology of nicotine: Addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 49, 57-71. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742
• Bloom, E. L., Minami, H., Brown, R. A., Strong, D. R., Riebe, D. ve Abrantes, A. M. (2017). Quality of life after quitting smoking and initiating aerobic exercise. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 22(9), 1127-1135. doi:10.1080/13548506.2017.1282159
• Bogdanis, G. C. (2012). Effects of physical activity and inactivity on muscle fatigue. Frontiers in Physiology, 3, 142.
• Borg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 14(5), 377-381.
• Bullo, V., Gobbo, S., Vendramin, B., Duregon, F., Cugusi, L., Di Blasio, A., . . . Ermolao, A. (2018). Nordic walking can be incorporated in the exercise prescription to increase aerobic capacity, strength, and quality of life for elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rejuvenation Research, 21(2), 141-161.
• Burbank, P. M., Reibe, D., Padula, C. A. ve Nigg, C. (2002). Exercise and older adults: Changing behavior with the transtheoretical model. Orthopaedic Nursing, 21(4), 51-63.
• Caliri, A. W., Tommasi, S. ve Besaratinia, A. (2021). Relationships among smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, macromolecular damage, and cancer. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 787, 108365.
• Chennaoui, M., Arnal, P. J., Sauvet, F. ve Léger, D. (2015). Sleep and exercise: A reciprocal issue? Sleep Med Rev, 20, 59-72.
• Cooke, L., Fitzgeorge, L., Hall, C. ve Prapavessis, H. (2016). Imagine that: Examining the influence of exercise imagery on cigarette cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Journal of Smoking Cessation, 11(1), 28-36.
• Costa, M. ve Esteves, M. (2018). Cigarette smoking and sleep disturbance. Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment, 17(1), 40-48.
• Demiral, Y., Ergor, G., Unal, B., Semin, S., Akvardar, Y., Kivircik, B. ve Alptekin, K. (2006). Normative data and discriminative properties of short form 36 (SF-36) in Turkish urban population. BMC Public Health, 6, 247. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-247
• Efendi, V., Özalevli, S., Naz, İ. ve Kılınç, O. (2018). The effects of smoking on body composition, pulmonary function, physical activity and health-related quality of life among healthy women. Tuberk Toraks, 66(2), 101-108.
• Goldenberg, M., Danovitch, I. ve Ishak, W. W. (2014). Quality of life and smoking. The American Journal on Addictions, 23(6), 540-562. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12148.x
• Grazzini, M., Stendardi, L., Gigliotti, F. ve Scano, G. (2005). Pathophysiology of exercise dyspnea in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiratory Medicine, 99(11), 1403-1412. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2005.03.005
• Haro, R. ve Drucker-Colín, R. (2004). Effects of long-term administration of nicotine and fluoxetine on sleep in depressed patients. Archives of Medical Research, 35(6), 499-506.
• Jaehne, A., Unbehaun, T., Feige, B., Lutz, U. C., Batra, A. ve Riemann, D. (2012). How smoking affects sleep: A polysomnographical analysis. Sleep Med, 13(10), 1286-1292.
• Jensen, K. P. ve Sofuoglu, M. (2016). Stress response genes and the severity of nicotine withdrawal. Pharmacogenomics, 17(1), 1-3.
• Klinsophon, T., Thaveeratitham, P. ve Janwantanakul, P. (2020). The effect of breathing exercise on nicotine withdrawal symptoms, cigarette cravings, and affect. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 31(4), 269-275. doi:10.1097/jan.0000000000000367
• Kräuchi, K. (2007). The thermophysiological cascade leading to sleep initiation in relation to phase of entrainment. Sleep Med Rev, 11(6), 439-451.
• Kubitz, K. A., Landers, D. M., Petruzzello, S. J. ve Han, M. (1996). The effects of acute and chronic exercise on sleep. A meta-analytic review. Sports Med, 21(4), 277-291. doi:10.2165/00007256-199621040-00004
• Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N. ve Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet, 380(9838), 219-229.
• Liu, R. H., Mizuta, M. ve Matsukura, S. (2003). Long-term oral nicotine administration reduces insulin resistance in obese rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 458(1-2), 227-234.
• MacNicol, B. (2017). The biology of addiction. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal Canadien D'anesthésie, 64(2), 141-148. doi:10.1007/s12630-016-0771-2
• Madani, A., Alack, K., Richter, M. J. ve Krüger, K. (2018). Immune-regulating effects of exercise on cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. Journal of Inflammation Research, 11, 155-167. doi:10.2147/JIR.S141149
• Manakil, J., Miliankos, A., Gray, M., Itthagarun, A. ve George, R. (2020). Oral health and nicotine replacement therapy product. European Journal of General Dentistry, 9(01), 1-6.
• Metin, G., Yücel R., Altan M., Oztürk L. ve Tutluoğlu, B. (2005). Sigarayı bırakmanın fiziksel egzersiz kapasitesi üzerine etkisi. Toraks Dergisi, 6(3), 221-227.
• Mikkelsen, K., Stojanovska, L., Polenakovic, M., Bosevski, M. ve Apostolopoulos, V. (2017). Exercise and mental health. Maturitas, 106, 48-56.
• Mota-Pereira, J., Silverio, J., Carvalho, S., Ribeiro, J. C., Fonte, D. ve Ramos, J. (2011). Moderate exercise improves depression parameters in treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(8), 1005-1011.
• Murphy, P. J. ve Campbell, S. S. (1997). Nighttime drop in body temperature: A physiological trigger for sleep onset? Sleep, 20(7), 505-511.
• Nduaguba, S. O., Ford, K. H. ve Rascati, K. (2018). The role of physical activity in the association between smoking status and quality of life. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 21(8), 1065-1071. doi:10.1093/ntr/nty052
• Oncken, C., Allen, S., Litt, M., Kenny, A., Lando, H., Allen, A. ve Dornelas, E. (2019). Exercise for smoking cessation in postmenopausal women: A randomized, controlled trial. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(9), 1587-1595. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz176
• Park, S. S., Shin, M. S., Park, H.S., Kim, T.W., Kim, C.J. ve Lim, B.V. (2019). Treadmill exercise ameliorates nicotine withdrawal-induced symptoms. J Exerc Rehabil, 15(3), 383-391. doi:10.12965/jer.1938228.114
• Pryor, W. A. ve Stone, K. (1993). Oxidants in cigarette smoke radicals, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrate, and peroxynitrite A. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 686(1), 12-27.
• Raymann, R. J., Swaab, D. F. ve Van Someren, E. J. (2008). Skin deep: Enhanced sleep depth by cutaneous temperature manipulation. Brain, 131(2), 500-513.
• Riedel, B. W., Durrence, H. H., Lichstein, K. L., Taylor, D. J. ve Bush, A. J. (2004). The relation between smoking and sleep: the influence of smoking level, health, and psychological variables. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2(1), 63-78.
• Rosi, E. ve Scano, G. (2004). Cigarette smoking and dyspnea perception. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2, 1-8.
• Salgado, S. ve Kaplitt, M. G. (2015). The nucleus accumbens: A comprehensive review. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 93(2), 75-93.
• Schuch, F. B. ve Vancampfort, D. (2021). Physical activity, exercise, and mental disorders: it is time to move on. Trends Psychiatry Psychother, 43(3), 177-184. doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0237
• Siahpush, M., Singh, G. K., Tibbits, M., Pinard, C. A., Shaikh, R. A. ve Yaroch, A. (2014). It is better to be a fat ex-smoker than a thin smoker: findings from the 1997–2004 National Health Interview Survey−National Death Index linkage study. Tobacco Control, 23(5), 395-402.
• Taylor, A. H., Ussher, M. H. ve Faulkner, G. (2007). The acute effects of exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms, affect and smoking behaviour: A systematic review. Addiction, 102(4), 534-543. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01739.x
• Tega, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Akanuma, S. I., Kubo, Y. ve Hosoya, K. I. (2018). Impact of nicotine transport across the blood–brain barrier: carrier-mediated transport of nicotine and ınteraction with central nervous system drugs. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 41(9), 1330-1336. doi:10.1248/bpb.b18-00134
• Tiwari, R. K., Sharma, V., Pandey, R. K. ve Shukla, S. S. (2020). Nicotine addiction: Neurobiology and mechanism. J Pharmacopuncture, 23(1), 1-7. doi:10.3831/kpi.2020.23.001
• Van der Aalst, C. (2011). Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer screening in the NELSON trial. Erasmus MC: University Medical Center Rotterdam.
• Wang, D., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Li, R. ve Zhou, C. (2014). Impact of physical exercise on substance use disorders: A meta-analysis. PloS One, 9(10), e110728.
• Williams, C. D., Taylor, T., Stanton, C., Makambi, K., Hicks, J. ve Adams-Campbell, L. L. (2021). A feasibility study of smoking cessation utilizing an exercise ıntervention among black women: 'Quit and fit'. J Natl Med Assoc, 113(3), 243-251. doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2020.12.009
• Wills, L. ve Kenny, P. J. (2021). Addiction-related neuroadaptations following chronic nicotine exposure. Journal of Neurochemistry, 157(5), 1652-1673. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15356
• Wise, R. A. (1996). Addictive drugs and brain stimulation reward. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 19(1), 319-340.
• Wittenberg, R. E., Wolfman, S. L., De Biasi, M. ve Dani, J. A. (2020). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine addiction: A brief introduction. Neuropharmacology, 177, 108256. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108256
• World Health Organization. (2023). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023: Protect people from tobacco smoke. 21-248. (ISBN: 978-92-4-007716-4).
• Xue, S., Behnood-Rod, A., Wilson, R., Wilks, I., Tan, S. ve Bruijnzeel, A. W. (2020). Rewarding effects of nicotine in adolescent and adult male and female rats as measured using intracranial self-stimulation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(2), 172-179.
• Zahran, H. S., Zack, M. M., Vernon-Smiley, M. E. ve Hertz, M. F. (2007). Health-related quality of life and behaviors risky to health among adults aged 18–24 years in secondary or higher education—United States, 2003–2005. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(4), 389-397.