Gelir Dağılımı, Demokrasi ve Dışa Açıklık: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 167 - 192, 15.12.2020

Taha Eğri

Abstract

Gelir dağılımının giderek bozulduğu günümüz ekonomilerinde, adil bir refah paylaşımının nasıl sağlanacağı sorusu önem kazanmaktadır. Özellikle makro değişkenler yanında demokratikleşme ve küreselleşme gibi ekonomik gelişmelerden öte kurumsal dönüşümlerin etkileri öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 1987-2017 dönemi için Türkiye ekonomisine ait verilerle demokrasi, dışa açıklık ve gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Son otuz yılda hızlı bir şekilde küresel ekonomiyle uyum sağlamasına rağmen gelir dağılımında bozulma yaşanan Türkiye ekonomisinde dışa açıklık ve demokrasinin gelir dağılımı üzerinde ne kadar etkili olduğunun tespit edilmesi, çalışmanın temel hedefidir. Çalışmada, gelir dağılımı göstergesi olarak literatürde yaygın olarak kullanılan Gini katsayısı, bağımsız değişkenler olarak da demokrasi indeksi, ticari açıklık, küreselleşme indeksi, eğitim ve kişi başı gelir göstergesi kullanılmıştır. Ele alınan model, ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımıyla tahmin edilmiş ve demokrasi ve küreselleşme değişkeniyle anlamlı, ticari açıklıkla ise anlamsız bir ilişki bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre demokrasi ve küreselleşmenin uzun dönemde gelir dağılımı üzerinde olumlu etkileri bulunurken kısa dönemde ise olumsuz etkilemektedir.

Keywords

Türkiye ekonomisi, Gini, ticari açıklık, küreselleşme, ARDL sınır testi, demokrasi

Income Distribution, Democracy and Globalization: An Empirical Analysis for Turkish Economy

Abstract

The question of how to ensure a fair welfare distribution gains importance in today's economies where income distribution is gradually deteriorating. In this manner, besides macro variables, the effects of institutional transformations such as democratization and globalization come into question. In this study, it is intended to determine the relationship between income inequality and openness and democracy for the 1987-2017 period in Turkish economy. Although it has rapidly integrated to the global economy over the last three decades, Turkish economy has experienced deterioration in income distribution. The main objective of the study is to determine how openness and democracy effect on income distribution. Gini coefficient was used as income distribution indicator, democracy index, trade openness, globalization index, education and per capita income indicator were used as independent variables. The model was estimated with the ARDL bounds test approach, and it was found that there was a significant relationship with the variable of democracy and globalization, and there is no relationship with the trade openness. According to the results of the study, while democracy and globalization have positive effects on income distribution in the long run, they have a negative effect in the short run.

Keywords

Turkish economy, Gini, trade openness, globalization, ARDL bounds test, democracy.

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