Examination of Emotions Experienced by Canoe Athletes on Competition Day Based on Various Variables

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 37 - 43, 30.06.2024

Abdurrahman Demir , Alper Cavit Kabakçı , Deniz Korkmaz

https://doi.org/10.51538/intjourexerpsyc.1469554

Abstract

Emotions in sports are vital factors that determine success. Although psychological factors have been extensively studied across various sports, more research needs to be focused on flatwater canoe athletes. Therefore, this study aims to examine the emotions experienced by flatwater canoe athletes on competition day. A total of 268 athletes participated, including 166 males (mean age = 15.12 ± 1.29) and 102 females (mean age = 15.33 ± 1.44). Data were collected using a demographic information form and the Sport Emotion Scale. For statistical analysis, an Independent Samples T-Test was used to evaluate the sub-dimensions of the Sport Emotion Scale based on gender. At the same time, the Mann-Whitney U Test was applied based on national athlete status. The Pearson Correlation Test was also conducted to assess the relationship between years of experience and the sub-dimensions of the Sport Emotion Scale. The findings indicated significant differences in the anxiety and excitement sub-dimensions of the Sport Emotion Scale in favor of male athletes. There was a mild positive correlation between years of experience and the unpleasantness sub-dimension. Significant differences in the happiness and excitement sub-dimensions based on national athlete status were found. In conclusion, it can be stated that female flatwater canoe athletes experience higher levels of anxiety and excitement on competition days, and as experience increases, athletes tend to experience more negative emotions, such as unpleasantness. Furthermore, national athletes experience higher levels of happiness and excitement.

Keywords

canoe, emotional state, competition day

Kano Sporcularının Müsabaka Günü Yaşadıkları Duyguların Çeşitli Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi

Abstract

Sporda duygular, başarıyı belirleyen faktörlerden biridir. Farklı branşlarındaki sporcular üzerinde psikolojik faktörlerin detaylı bir şekilde incelenmesine rağmen durgunsu kano sporcuları üzerinde yapılan araştırmaların yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle bu araştırmanın amacı durgunsu kano sporcularının müsabaka günü yaşamış oldukları duyguların incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya 166 erkek (𝑥̅yaş 15.12±1.29), 102 kadın (𝑥̅yaş=15.33±1.44) sporcu olmak üzere toplam 268 durgunsu kano sporcusu katılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler, Demografik Bilgi Formu ve Spor Duygu Ölçeği üzerinden toplanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde, katılımcıların cinsiyet değişkenine göre Spor Duygu Ölçeği alt boyutlarının değerlendirilmesi için Bağımsız Örneklem T-Testi, milli olma değişkenine göre ise Mann-Whitney U Testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, spor yaşları ile Spor Duygu Ölçeği alt boyutları arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek amacıyla Pearson Korelasyon Testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, kano sporcularının spor duygu ölçeği kaygı ve coşku alt boyutlarında erkek sporcular lehine anlamlı fark olduğu, sporcuların spor yaşları ile spor duygu ölçeği keyifsizlik alt boyutu arasında hafif düzeyde pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin olduğu, milli sporcu olma değişkenine göre spor duygu ölçeği mutluluk ve coşku alt boyutları arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak müsabaka günü kadın durgunsu kano sporcularının daha fazla kaygı ve coşku duygularını yaşadıkları, deneyim arttıkça kano sporcularının keyifsizlik gibi negatif duyguları daha çok yaşadıkları, milli sporcuların ise mutluluk ve coşku duygularını daha çok yaşadıkları söylenebilir.

Keywords

kano, duygu durumu, yarış günü

Ethical Statement

Araştırma öncesi Siirt Üniversitesi Etik Kurulundan 16.02.2024-6500 sayılı ve 05.02.2024 tarihli “Etik Kurul Kararı” alınmıştır.

References

• Akarçeşme, C., Koruç, Z., & Yılmaz, V. (2004). Voleybol genç bayan milli takımının yarışma öncesi ve sonrası kaygı düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 3-12. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gbesbd/issue/27981/304971
• Alekrinskis, A., Bulotienė, D., & Dagytė, R. (2019). Peculiarities of pre-competition emotional state of the Lithuanian national kayak and canoe rowing team members and junior kayakers and canoeists. Sporto mokslas, 1, 12-17. https://doi.org/10.15823/sm.2019.95.2
• Angosto, S., Ortín-Montero, F.J., Morales-Baños, V., & Borrego-Balsalobre, F.J. (2021). Mood, burnout, and dispositional optimism in kayak polo players during their competitive stage. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 667603. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667603
• Atmowardoyo, H. (2018). Research methods in TEFL studies: Descriptive research, case study, error analysis, and R & D. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 9(1), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0901.25
• Bebetsos, E., & Goulimaris, D. (2015). Examination of “Pre-competition” anxiety levels, of mid-distance runners: A quantitative approach. Polish Psychological Bulletin. 46(3), 498–502. https://doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2015-0056
• Bebetsos, E., Aggelakis, E., Bebetsos, G., & Gargalianos, D. (2020). Motivation psychological characteristics of canoe-kayak sprint elite youth athletes. physical culture and sport. Studies and Research, 85(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0003
• Brandt, R., da Silveira Viana, M., Crocetta, T.B., & Andrade, A. (2016). Association between mood states and performance of Brazilian elite sailors: Winners vs. non-winners. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 11(32), 119-125. https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v11i32.712
• Burden, N. A. (2012). Rate of perceived exertion and profile of Mood State (POMS) in elite kayakers [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Demirel, F., Karadeniz, Ş., & Çakmak, E. K. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
• Carron, A. V., & Spink, K. S. (1993). Team building in an exercise setting. The Sport Psychologist, 7(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.7.1.8
• Corbally, L., Wilkinson, M., & Fothergill, M. A., (2020). Effects of mindfulness practice on performance and factors related to performance in long-distance running: A systematic review. J Clin Sport Psychol, 14(4), 376-398. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2019-0034
• Demir, A., & Barut, A. İ. (2021). Examining of competitive anxiety levels and achievement goals of flatwers in terms of different variables. International Journal of Eurasian Education & Culture, 6(12), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.35826/ijoecc.197
• Di Corrado, D., Agostini, T., Bonifazi, M., & Perciavalle, V. (2014). Changes in mood states and salivary cortisol levels following two months of training in elite female water polo players. Molecular medicine reports, 9(6), 2441-2446. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2115
• Di Corrado, D., Buscemi, A., Magnano, P., Maldonato, N.M., Tusak, M., & Coco, M. (2021). Mood states and performance in elite canoe polo players: the mediating role of stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4494. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094494
• Didymus, F. F., Raspin, I. M., Fletcher, D., Arnold, R. (2012). Stress and coping in elite slalom canoeists prior to major competition. Proceedings of the British Psychological Society Annual Conference, London, UK. https://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/id/eprint/2583/
• Hagan Jr, J. E., Quansah, F., Ankomah, F., Agormedah, E. K., Srem-Sai, M., & Schack, T. (2022). Examining the underlying latent structure of the sports emotion questionnaire: Insights from the bifactor multidimensional item response theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1038217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1038217
• Hanin, Y. L. (2000). Emotions in sport. Human Kinetics.
• Isorna Folgar, M., Vazquez Figueiredo, M. J., Perez Saborido, I., Alias Garcia, A., & Vaquero Cristobal, R. (2019). Burnout syndrome among spanish high-level paddlers: Prevalence based on sociodemographic and sport practice variables. Psychology, Society & Education, 11, 83–97. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v11i1.2070
• Jones, M. V. (2003). Controlling emotions in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 17(4), 471-486. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.17.4.471
• Jones, M. V., Lane, A. M., Bray, S. R., Uphill, M., & Catlin, J. (2005). Development and validation of the sport emotion questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 27(4), 407-431. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.27.4.407
• Keltner, D., & Gross, J. J. (1999). Functional accounts of emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 13(5), 467-480. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379140
• Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press.
• Lautenbach, F., (2017). A laboratory study on attentional bias as an underlying mechanism affecting the link between cortisol and performance, leading to a discussion on the nature of the stressor (artificial vs. psychosocial). Physiology & Behavior, 175, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.022
• Martinent, G., & Ferrand, C. (2009). A naturalistic study of the directional interpretation process of discrete emotions during high-stakes table tennis matches. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31(3), 318–336. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.3.318
• Mowlaie, M., Besharat, M. A., Pourbohlool, S., & Azizi, L. (2011). The mediation effects of selfconfidence and sport self-efficacy on the relationship between dimensions of anger and anger control with sport performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 138-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.027
• O'Connor, P. J., Morgan, W. P., Raglin, J. S., Barksdale, C. M., & Kalin, N. H. (1989). Mood state and salivary cortisol levels following overtraining in female swimmers. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 14(4), 303-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4530(89)90032-2
• Özgüngör, S. (2018). Duygular. In Ş. Işık (Ed.) Psikolojiye giriş (ss. 153-178). Pegem Akademi. https://depo.pegem.net/9786052414132.pdf
• Palgunadhi, F., & Kardjono, K. (2020). Emotion levels in individual game sports and martial arts. 4th International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2019) (pp. 406-409). Atlantis Press.
• Puig, N., & Vilanova, A. (2011). Positive functions of emotions in achievement sports. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(2), 334-344. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2011.10599761
• Szanto, C. (2004). Racing canoeing. International Canoe Federation. https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/167117/racing-canoeing-csaba-szanto-international-canoe-federation?_lg=en-GB
• Uphill, M. A., & Jones, M. V. (2007). Antecedents of emotions in elite athletes: A cognitive motivational relational theory perspective. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78(2), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2007.10599406
• Uphill, M. A., Lane, A. M., & Jones, M. V. (2012). Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for use with athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(6), 761-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.05.001
• Urfa O., & Aşçı, F.H. (2019). Spor Duygu Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(4), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.518329
• Vallerand, R.J. & Blanchard, C.M. (2000). The study of emotion in sport and exercise: Historical, definitional, and conceptual perspectives. In Y. L. Hanin (Ed.), Emotions in sport (pp. 3–37). Human Kinetics.