Gender Roles of Turkish College Level Futsal Players

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 492 - 498, 30.12.2018

Ökkeş Alpaslan Gençay , Selçuk Gençay , Seda Avnioğlu , Yunus Gür , Ertuğrul Gençay

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to compare the gender role among college level male

and female futsal players. Therefore, 77 college level futsal players (37 females and 40 males)

were selected randomly from a Nationally University Tournament teams in Turkey on March

2016. It was used to determine sex roles using the Bem Sex Role Inventory. The data were

analyzed by Mann Whitney U test and the significance level of p was set as <.05. The results

indicated no significant differences in male and female p lay ers’ masculin ity scores (p >.05).

Conversely, the feminine sex role was significantly higher female players than males (p <.05).

Thus, it seems that the high femininity is an important factor for college-level female futsal

players in Turkey.

Keywords

Bem sex role inventory, femininity, masculinity

References

• Andre, T., and Holland, A. (1995). Relationship of sport participation to sex role orientation and attitudes toward women among high school males and females. Journal of Sport Behavior, 18(4).
• Bem, S. L. (1974). The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 155–162. doi: 10.1037/h0036215
• Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88(4), 354–364.
• Chalabaev, A., Sarrazin, P. G., Fontay ne, P., Boich, J., and Clément -Guillotin, C. (2013). The influence of sex stereotypes and gender roles on participation and performance in sport and exercise : Review and future d irections. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(2), 136–144. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.10.005
• Clément-Guillotin, C., and Fontayne, P. (2011). Situational Malleability of Gender Schema: The Case of the Competitive Sport Context. Sex Roles, 64(5–6), 426–439. doi: 10.1007/s11199-010-9912-1
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. L. Erlbaum Associates. doi: 10.1234/12345678
• Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. doi: 10.1007/BF02310555
• Cronbach, L. J., and Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in Psychological test. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281–302. doi: 10.1037/h0040957
• Dökmen, Z. Y. (1999). Bem cinsiyet rolü envanteri kadınsılık ve erkeksilik ölçekler i Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri. Kriz Dergisi, 7(1), 27–40.
• Edwards, S. W., Gordin, R. D., and Henschen, K. P. (1984). Sex-role Orientations of Female NCAA Championship Gymnasts. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 58, 625–626.
• Harrison, L. a., and Lynch, A. B. (2005). Social Role Theory and the Perceived Gender Role Orientation of Athletes. Sex Roles, 52(February), 227–236. doi: 10.1007/s11199-005-1297-1
• Khayat, B., Shojai, M., and Daneshfar, A. (2013). Sex role among elite male and female futsal players. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(2), 520–523.
• Kızılaslan, İ., and Diktaş, Ö. (2011). The Role of University Education in Changin g the Gender Role Perceptions of Turkish ELT Student Teachers. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(2), 510–525.
• Koivula, N. (1995). Ratings of gender appropriateness of sports participation: Effects of gender-based schematic processing. Sex Roles, 33(7–8), 543–557. doi: 10.1007/BF01544679
• Lantz, C. D., and Schroeder, P. J. (1999). Endorsement of Masculine and Feminine Gender Roles: Differences Between Participation In and.. Journal of Sport Behavior, 22(4), 545.
• Matteo, S. (1988). The effect of gender-schematic processing on decisions about sexinappropriate sport behavior. Sex Roles, 18(1–2), 41–58. doi: 10.1007/BF00288016
• Özkan, T., and Lajun en, T. (2005). Masculinity, femininity, and the bem sex role inventory in Turkey. Sex Roles, 52(1–2), 103–110. doi: 10.1007/s11199-005-1197-4
• Ray burn, B., Chen, S., and Phillip s, C. (2015). Female College Athletes ’ Percep tions on Gender Stereotypes and Discrimination in Collegiate Athletics. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(5), 28–36.
• Salminen, S. (1990). Traditionally Inapp rop riate Sp orts ’. Journal of Personality, (July), 1216–1218.
• Sharman, J. E., Lim, R., Qasem, A. M., Coombes, J. S., Burgess, M. I., Franco, J., … Marwick, T. H. (2006). Validation of a generalized transfer function to noninvasively derive central blood pressure during exercise. Hypertension, 47(6), 1203–1208. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000223013.60612.72
• Steenbarger, B. N., and Greenberg, R. P. (1990). Sex roles, stress, and distress: A study of person by situation contingency. Sex Roles, 22(1–2), 59–68. doi: 10.1007/BF00288154
• Tabachnick, B. G., and Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th Editio). Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.
• Turkmen M (2018). Religiosity and female participation in sport: exploring the perceptions of the Turkish university students. Physical education of students, 2018;22(4):196–206 doi:10.15561/20755279.2018.0405
• Weisbuch, M., Beal, D., and O’Neal, E. C. (1999). How mascu line ou ght I be? Men’s masculinity and aggression. Sex Roles, 40(7–8), 583–592. doi: 10.1023/A:1018840130646
• Wrisberg, C. A., Draper, M. V., and Everett, J. J. (1988). Sex role orientations of male and female collegiate athletes from selected individual and team sports, 19(1–2), 81–90.