Görme Yetersizliği Olan ve Gören Çocukların Bakış Açısı Alma ve Birinci Derece Yanlış Kanı Atfı Becerileri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Year 2020,
Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 1356 - 1373, 31.12.2020
Seda Karakaşoğlu
,
Selda Özdemir
Abstract
Bu araştırmada okul öncesi dönemdeki görme yetersizliği olan ve gören çocukların bakış açısı alma ve Zihin Kuramı yanlış kanı atfı becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, İstanbul ilinde ikamet eden ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı özel ve resmi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden görme yetersizliği sergileyen 30 çocuk ve gören 30 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Çocukların yaşları 48-72 ay aralığındadır. Araştırmada katılımcı görme yetersizliği olan çocuklar ve gören çocukların dil bilişsel gelişim yaşları birebir eşlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında katılımcı çocuklara bakış açısı alma ve yanlış kanı atfı görevleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları görme yetersizliği olan ve gören çocukların yanlış kanı atfı ve bakış açısı alma becerilerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olmadığını göstermiştir. Grup içi yapılan analizler ise görme yetersizliği olan ve gören çocukların yanlış kanı atfı puanları ve bakış açısı alma puanları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu her iki grupta da göstermiştir. Dil-bilişsel yetersizliği olmayan görme yetersizliği olan ve gören çocukların bakış açısı alma puanları yükseldikçe, yanlış kanı atfı puanlarının da yükseldiği saptanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları tartışılmış, ileri araştırmalara yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.
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- Rakoczy, H. (2012). Do infants have a theory of mind? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 30(1), 59-74.
- Repacholi, B. M., & Gopnik, A. (1997). Early reasoning about desires: evidence from 14-and 18-month-olds. Developmental Psychology, 33(1), 12-21.
- Roch‐Levecq, A. C. (2006). Production of basic emotions by children with congenital blindness: Evidence for the embodiment of theory of mind. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24(3), 507-528.
- Savasir, I., Sezgin, N., & Erol, N. (1993). Ankara Gelişim Tarama Envanteri [Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory]. Turkish Psychological Association: Ankara.
- Tadić, V., Pring, L., & Dale, N. (2010). Are language and social communication intact in children with congenital visual impairment at school age?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 696-705.
- Tomasello, M. (2009). The cultural origins of human cognition. Harvard University Press.
- Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., & Watson, J. (2001). Meta‐analysis of Theory‐of‐Mind development: The truth about false belief. Child development, 72(3), 655-684.
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Year 2020,
Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 1356 - 1373, 31.12.2020
Seda Karakaşoğlu
,
Selda Özdemir
References
- Anghel, D. (2012). The development of theory of mind in children with congenital. visual impairments. The Scientifíc Journal of Humanistic Studies, 4(7), 229-235.
- Astington, J. W. (1993). The child's discovery of the mind (Vol. 31). New York: Harvard University.
- Astington, J. W. (2003). Sometimes necessary, never sufficient: False-belief under- standing and social competence. In B. Repacholi & V. Slaughter (Eds.), Indi- vidual differences in theory of mind: Implications for typical and atypical development (pp. 13-39). New York: Psychology.
- Bartoli, G., Bulgarelli, D., & Molina, P. (2019). Theory of Mind Development in Children with Visual Impairment: The Contribution of the Adapted Comprehensive Test ToM Storybooks. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(9), 3494-3503.
- Bigelow, A. E. (1992). Blind children's ability to predict what another sees. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 86(4), 181-184.
- Buttelmann, D., Carpenter, M., & Tomasello, M. (2009). Eighteen-month-old infants show false belief understanding in an active helping paradigm. Cognition, 112(2), 337-342.
- Brambring, M., & Asbrock, D. (2010). Validity of false belief tasks in blind children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(12), 1471-1484.
- Brodsky, M. C., Fray, K. J., & Glasier, C. M. (2002). Perinatal cortical and subcortical visual loss: mechanisms of injury and associated ophthalmologic signs. Ophthalmology, 109(1), 85-94. doi: 10.1016/S0161 6420(01)00849-1
- Brüne, M., & Brüne-Cohrs, U. (2006). Theory of Mind evolution, ontogeny, brain mechanisms and psychopathology. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 30(4), 437-455.
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- Catherine, A., & Levecq, R. (2006). Production of basic emotions by children with congenital blindness: Evidence for the embodiment of Theory of Mind. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24, 507-528.
- Carpenter, M., Nagell, K., Tomasello, M., Butterworth, G., & Moore, C. (1998). Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative competence from 9 to 15 months of age. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 63(4), 1-174.
- Carpendale, J. I., & Lewis, C. (2004). Constructing an understanding of mind: The development of children's social understanding within social interaction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27(1), 79-96.
- Green, S., Pring, L., Swettenham, J. (2004). An investigation of first-order false belief understanding of children with congenital profound visual impairment. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22, 1–17.
- Hobson, R. P. (1990). On acquiring knowledge about people and the capacity to pretend: Response to Leslie (1987). Psychological Review, 97(1), 114-121.
Işıtan, H. D., & Özdemir, S. (2019). Görme yetersizliğinden etkilenmiş çocuklar ve gören çocukların Zihin Kuramı becerileri ile çalışma belleğinin karşılaştırılması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi.
- Farrenkopf, C., & Davidson, I. F. (1992). The development of perspective-taking abilities in young blind children. RE: view, 24(1), 7-22.
- Fazzi, E., Signorini, S. G., Bova, S. M., La Piana, R., Ondei, P., Bertone, C., & Bianchi, P. E. (2007). Spectrum of visual disorders in children with cerebral visual impairment. Journal of child neurology, 22(3), 294-301. doi: 10.1177/08830738070220030801
- Flavell, J. H. (2004). Theory-of-Mind development: Retrospect and prospect. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 50(3), 274-290.
- Flavell, J. H. (1992). Perspectives on perspective taking (pp. 107-139). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Flavell, J. H., & Miller, P. H. (1998). Social cognition. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 2. Cognition, perception, and language (pp. 851-898). Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
- Flavell, J. H., Everett, B. A., Croft, K., & Flavell, E. R. (1981). Young children's knowledge about visual perception: Further evidence for the Level 1–Level 2 distinction. Developmental Psychology, 17(1), 99.
- Landau, B., & Gleitman, L. R. (1985). Cognitive science series, 8. Language and experience: Evidence from the blind child. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press.
- Mahoney, G., & Perales, F. (2008). How relationship focused intervention promotes developmental learning. Down Syndrome Research & Practice, 13(3), 47-55.
- Masangkay, Z. S., McCluskey, K. A., McIntyre, C. W., Sims-Knight, J., Vaughn, B. E., & Flavell, J. H. (1974). The early development of inferences about the visual percepts of others. Child Development, 357-366.
- Minter, M., Hobson, R. P., & Bishop, M. (1998). Congenital visual impairment and ‘theory of mind’. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16(2), 183-196.
- Moll, H., & Tomasello, M. (2006). Level 1 perspective‐taking at 24 months of age. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24(3), 603-613.
- Moll, H., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2011). How does it look? Level 2 perspective‐taking at 36 months of age. Child Development, 82(2), 661-673.
- Özdemir, S. (2015). Görme engellilerde erken çocukluk dönemi eğitimi [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Ders Notları]. Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Özdemir, S. (2016). Görme engelli çocuklar ve özellikleri [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Ders Notları]. Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Peterson, C. C., Peterson, J. L., & Webb, J. (2000). Factors influencing the development of a theory of mind in blind children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(3), 431-447.
- Pijnacker, J., Vervloed, M. P., & Steenbergen, B. (2012). Pragmatic abilities in children with congenital visual impairment: An exploration of non-literal language and advanced Theory of Mind understanding. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(11), 2440-2449.
- Pring, L., Dewart, H., & Brockbank, M. (1998). Social cognition in children with visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 92(11), 754-768.
- Rakoczy, H. (2012). Do infants have a theory of mind? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 30(1), 59-74.
- Repacholi, B. M., & Gopnik, A. (1997). Early reasoning about desires: evidence from 14-and 18-month-olds. Developmental Psychology, 33(1), 12-21.
- Roch‐Levecq, A. C. (2006). Production of basic emotions by children with congenital blindness: Evidence for the embodiment of theory of mind. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24(3), 507-528.
- Savasir, I., Sezgin, N., & Erol, N. (1993). Ankara Gelişim Tarama Envanteri [Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory]. Turkish Psychological Association: Ankara.
- Tadić, V., Pring, L., & Dale, N. (2010). Are language and social communication intact in children with congenital visual impairment at school age?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 696-705.
- Tomasello, M. (2009). The cultural origins of human cognition. Harvard University Press.
- Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., & Watson, J. (2001). Meta‐analysis of Theory‐of‐Mind development: The truth about false belief. Child development, 72(3), 655-684.
- Wimmer, H., & Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition, 13(1), 103-128.