ULUSÖTESİ ŞİRKETLERİN SINIRÖTESİ İNSAN HAKLARI İHLALLERİ: MENŞE DEVLET DÜZENLEMELERİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 293 - 308

Büşra Beydüz , Bulent Algan

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.1435099

Öz

Şirketlerin insan hakları ihlallerinin meydana geldiği devletlerde, her zaman bu ihlallere karşı yeterli bir koruma sağlanamamaktadır. Bu ihlallerin önlenmesi ve ihlallerin oluşturduğu zararların tazmin edilmesi için menşe devlet önemli bir yere sahiptir. Menşe devletin bu konumuna dikkat çeken bir görüş, uluslararası hukukta şirketlere sınırötesi insan hakları ihlallerine yönelik menşe devletin düzenleme yapmasının lehine argümanlar ileri sürmüştür. Aksi yöndeki görüşe göre ise, uluslararası hukukta buna ilişkin bir yükümlülük bulunmamaktadır. Bu yükümlülük tartışmasının ötesinde özellikle Fransa, Almanya gibi Avrupa ülkelerinde iş dünyası ve insan hakları alanında sınırötesi düzenlemeler yapan kanunlar kabul edilmiştir. Bu ve benzeri düzenlemeler, özellikle insan hakları durum tespit yükümlülükleri üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Menşe devlet düzenlemeleri insan hakları ihlallerine karşı ek bir koruma sağlamaları açısından önemlidir. Son olarak, AB Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Durum Tespiti Direktifi kabul edilmiş olup, bunun yürürlüğe girmesiyle tüm AB’ye üye devletlerinin iç hukuklarını Direktif’e uyumlu hale getirmeleri gerekecektir. Direktif AB’de faaliyet gösteren şirketlere tedarik zinciri boyunca insan hakları durum tespiti yapma yükümlülüğü getirmektedir. Özellikle menşe devletin, şirketlerin sınırötesinde gerçekleşen insan hakları ihlallerine karşı düzenleme yapma zorunluluğu getirmesi sebebiyle belge, çalışmamız açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İş Dünyası ve İnsan Hakları, Menşe Devlet, Ulusötesi Şirketler, Sınırötesilik, İnsan Hakları Durum Tespiti

EXTRATERRITORIAL HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS BY TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS: THE HOME STATE REGULATIONS

Öz

States where corporate human rights violations occur do not always provide adequate protection against these violations. The home state has an essential place in preventing these violations and compensating for the damages. Drawing attention to this position of the home state, one view in the doctrine has put forward arguments in favor of the home state’s regulation of extraterritorial human rights violations against corporations in international law. The opposing view in the doctrine states that there is no such obligation under international law. Beyond this obligation debate, especially in European countries such as France and Germany, laws on extraterritorial regulations in the field of business and human rights have been adopted. These and similar regulations focus on human rights due diligence obligations. Regulations of the home state are essential as they provide additional protection against human rights violations. Finally, the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive has been adopted and, upon its entry into force, all EU Member States will be required to adopt it into their domestic laws. The Directive requires companies operating in the EU to conduct human rights due diligence along the supply chain. The document is important for our work as it brings an obligation to the home state to regulate human rights violations committed by corporations, especially those that occur outside the borders of the country.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Business and Human Rights, Home State, Transnational Corporations, Extraterritoriality, Human Rights due Diligence

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