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İran’a Karşı Yürütülen Propagandanın Vekil Aktörü: Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü

Year 2020, , 211 - 240, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.642940

Abstract

Şah rejimi döneminde İran’da, güçlü bir sol muhalefet bulunmaktaydı. Ülkedeki bu sol muhalif gruplardan biri olan Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü, varlığını günümüzde de devam ettirmektedir. Örgüt, kuruluş yıllarında İslami Marksist bir çizgide konumlanarak Şah ve emperyalizm karşıtı bir söylem kullanmışsa da İslam Devrimi sonrasında ulema sınıfıyla girdiği mücadele, örgütün siyasi çizgisini değiştirmiştir. Gelinen noktada Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü, yabancı devletlerle yakın ilişkiler kuran ve bu devletler tarafından İran’a karşı kullanılan bir organizasyona dönüşmüştür. Öte yandan kuruluş yıllarından itibaren terörle iç içe olan bu örgüt, son yıllarda terörle arasına mesafe koyduğunu iddia etmekte ve Tahran yönetiminin uluslararası terörü finanse ettiği iddiasını dünya kamuoyunun gündemine taşımaktadır. Bu kapsamda HMÖ’nün liberal değerleri savunduğu da görülmektedir. Bu makalede kuruluşundan günümüze Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü’nün yaşadığı dönüşüm incelenmektedir. Söz konusu inceleme kapsamında yöntemsel olarak literatür taramasından faydalanılmakta olup; Türkçe, İngilizce ve Farsça kaynaklardan yararlanılmaktadır.

References

  • Kaynaklar
  • Abrahamian, Ervand, Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin, (London: I.B. Tauris Publishing, 1989).
  • Afkhami, Gholam Reza, The Life and Times of the Shah, (California: University of California Press, 1999).
  • Behrooz,Maziar, Rebels With A Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran. (London: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 1999).
  • Bill, James A. The Eagle and Lion: The Tragedy of American-Iranian Relations, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988).
  • Koç, Mehmet, “Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü”, İram Rapor (Ağustos 2019).Matin-Asgari, Afshin, “Twentieth Century Iran’s Political Prisoners”, Middle Eastern Studies, 42 (2006), Sayı 5, 689-707.
  • Öztürk, Selim, “İran’da Silahlı Muhalefetten Demokrasi Söylemlerine: Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü”, Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 20 (Aralık 2018), Sayı 2: 165-175.
  • Piazza, James A., “The Democratic İslamic Republic of Iran in Exile”, Digest of Middle East Studies, 3 (Güz 1994), Sayı 4, 9-43.
  • Şeriati, Ali, Şia, (Ankara: Fecr Yayınları, 2016), 100-101.
  • İnternet Kaynakları
  • “A Primer on the History of the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran”, Mojahedin, 9 Nisan 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/primer-the-history-the-peoples-mojahedin-organization-iran.
  • “Albania Says It’s Discovered an Iranian Paramilitary Network”, Washington Times¸ 23 Ekim 2019, https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/23/albania-says-its-discovered-an-iranian-paramilitar/?fbclid=IwAR0d6aKUU2eA2cIKkTkX38t-M93mrBLarYOQislIvLRmbSk28oPjet9LqiM.
  • “Biography of Maryam Rajavi”, Maryam Rajavi, https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/en/biography.“German Delegation Visits Ashraf-3”, Mojahedin, 20 Kasım 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/german-delegation-visits-ashraf-3.
  • اخطار به دبیرکل نهضت آزادی و قلم به دستان لیبرال ,اردلان پیروز”/ehtar-e beh debir-e kol-e nehzet-e azadiyi ve galem beh destan-e Liberal”, Mozahemin, 30 Ağustos 2019, https://bit.ly/2PJ2jJu.
  • “Hamaney’den Tehdit Gibi Açıklama”, Sabah, 9 Ocak 2018, https://www.sabah.com.tr/dunya/2018/01/10/hamaneyden-tehdit-gibi-aciklama.
  • “Iran Diplomat among Six Arrested Over Suspected Plot Against Opposition Meeting”, Reuters, 2 Temmuz 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-attacks-belgium-iran/iran-diplomat-among-six-arrested-over-suspected-plot-against-opposition-meeting-idUSKBN1JS1C3.
  • “Iraq/Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization: Cooperate with UN”, HRW, 30 Kasım 2011, https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/11/30/iraq/mojahedin-e-khalq-organization-cooperate-un.
  • “Maryam Rajavı: Women’s Progress in the Resıstance Movement Is Indebted to An Incessant Battle agaınst Reactıonary and Exploıtatıve Thınkıng”, Maryam Rajavi, 14 Temmuz 2019, https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/en/item/maryam-rajavi-pmoi-women-international-conference-ashraf-iranian-resistance.
  • “Maryam Rajavi at Conference: Iran Uprising-International Call for Release of Detainees”, Youtube, 9 Şubat 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLdH5h_rfGk.
  • “Maryam Rajavi Calls for a Firm Policy toward the Iranian Regime’s Terrorism at International Conference”, Mojahedin, 15 Aralık 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/maryam-rajavi-calls-firm-policy-toward-iranian-regimes-terrorism-international-conference.
  • “Maryam Rajavi Calls on EU to Impose Comprehensive Sanctions on Iranian Regime”, Mojahedin, 15 Haziran 2019, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/maryam-rajavi-urge-impose-comprehensive-sanctions-irans-theocratic-regime.
  • “Maryam Rajavi Meets with Dr. Riyadh Yassin, Yemen’s Ambassador to France and Former Foreign Minister”, Mojahedin, 9 Şubat 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/newsen/61243/maryam-rajavi-meets-with-dr.-riyadh-yassin-yemen%E2%80%99s-ambassador-to-france-and-former-foreign-minister.
  • “Maryam Rajavi Saluted the Striking Teachers Across the Country”, Mojahedin, 14 Ekim 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/maryam-rajavi-saluted-the-striking-teachers-across-the-country.
  • “Maryam Rajavi: Iran Uprising, Time to March on”, Mojahedin, 20 Ocak 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/newsen/60871.
  • “Maryam Rajavi’s message to the Iranian laborers on International Labor Day”, Mojahedin, 30 Nisan 2019, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/maryam-rajavis-message-the-iranian-laborers-international-labor-day.
  • “MKO’s Maryam Rajavi Visit to Tel Aviv Planned by Trump’s Advocate”, Mehr News Agency, 23 Temmuz 2019, https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147982/MKO-s-Maryam-Rajavi-visit-to-Tel-Aviv-planned-by-Trump-s-advocate.
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  • “Mujaheden e-Khalq Organization, Global Security, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/mek.htm.
  • “Pandeli Majko, Former Prime Minister of Albania-Free Iran 2018”, Mojahedin, 8 Kasım 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/pandeli-majko-former-prime-minister-albania-free-iran-2018.
  • “Maryam Rajavı Meets U.S. Presıdent’s Attorney, Rudy Giuliani”, Maryam Rajavi, 29 Haziran 2018, https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/en/item/maryam-rajavi-meets-us-president-attorney-rudy-giuliani-2.
  • “Ruhani’den ABD’ye Boyun Eğmeyeceğiz Açıklaması”, Sputnik News Türkiye, 19 Kasım 2018, https://tr.sputniknews.com/ortadogu/201811191036217084-ruhani-ABD-boyun-egmeyecegiz.
  • “Theresa Villiers, Member of UK Parliament Speaks at Free Iran 2018 Convention”, Mojahedin, 13 Ağustos 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/theresa-villiers-member-parliament-speaks-free-iran-2018-convention.
  • “ابوالحسن بنی صدر/Abdol Hassan Beni Sadr”, BBC Persian, 12 Şubat 2017, https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-47077280.
  • “ابوالحسن بنی صدر/Abdol Hassan Beni Sadr”, BBC Persian, 12 Şubat 2017, https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-47077280.
  • “براندازی مصدق در ایران در مرداد سی و دو/Borandezay-e Musaddeg-e der iran-e der mordad si ve do”, BBC Persian, 30 Ağustos 2012, https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/2013/08/130820_l44_coup_extermination_mosadegh.
  • “بنر مریم رجوی /Bener-i Meryem Recevi”, Youtube, 1 Ocak 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REMM2xze0OM.
  • “بنیانگذاری سازمان مجاهدین خلق ایران/Binyangozari Sazeman-e Halg-e İran”, Mojahedin, 10 Temmuz 2017, https://bit.ly/34scDcN.
  • “پرسش و پاسخ در مورد سازمان مجاهدین خلق ایران و سیاست های آن- قسمت اول/Perseş ve der mored-e sazeman-e mucahidin-e halk-e iran-e ve seyasetha-ye an gısmate evvel”, Pezhvak¸ 4 Kasım 2019, http://www.pezhvakeiran.com/maghaleh-55273.html.
  • “زندگینامه دکتر یدالله سحابی/Zendeginame-i Doktor-e Yadollah-e Sehabi”, Taranarnews, 12 Mart 2009, http://www.tarabarnews.com/view-5021.html.
  • “صنعت فیلم سازی یکی دیگر از پهنه‌های جنگ روانی رژیم علیه مجاهدین/San-ati filmi sazi yeki diger-e yehnehayi cengi revani rejimi aliye mücahidin”, Iran Efshagari, https://bit.ly/36z8SE8.
  • “طعمه گرگ‌های خارج‌نشین/Tame-e gergeha-ye harcneşin”, ISNA, 5 Haziran 2010, https://bit.ly/2PHaZzX.
  • “عملیات آژاکس ؛ بررسی اسناد CIA درباره کودتای 28 مرداد/Emeliyet-e Ajaks: berresi-e esnad-e CIA derbarey-e kovdat-e 28 mordad”, Mehrnews, 18 Ağustos 2002, https://bit.ly/34jkIk2.
  • “فراخوان مقاومت ایران درحمایت از قیام مردم ایران/Fer ahvan-e mugavemet-e İran-e der hemyet-e giyam-e merdom-e İran”, Maryam Rajavi, 30 Haziran 2018, https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/item/alyaum-maryam-rajavi.
  • Elias, Firas, “İran Askeri Doktrininde Düşman Kavramı”, ANKASAM, 28 Ağustos 2018, https://ankasam.org/iran-askeri-doktrininde-dusman-kavrami.
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Proxy Actor of Propaganda Against Iran: The People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran

Year 2020, , 211 - 240, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.642940

Abstract

In Iran, there was a strong left opposition in the period when the Shah was in power. One of the left opposition groups in the country was The People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (MEK), which still exists today. Adopting an Islamic-Marxist ideology, the organization used an anti-Shah and anti-imperialist rhetoric in its early years. However, the struggle with the mullahs after the Islamic Revolution changed the political line of the organization. MEK has turned into an organization that closely engage with foreign states which used it as a means of propaganda against Iran. MEK, which has been involved in terrorist activities since its establishment, claims that it has distanced itself from terrorism in recent years. The organization also claims that the Tehran administration finances international terrorism and tries to create an international public opinion around this claim. In this context, The People’s Mojahedin Organization defends liberal values. This article examines the transformation of the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran since its establishment. The study utilizes literature review methodologically. The review is derived from sources in Turkish, English and Persian languages.

References

  • Kaynaklar
  • Abrahamian, Ervand, Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin, (London: I.B. Tauris Publishing, 1989).
  • Afkhami, Gholam Reza, The Life and Times of the Shah, (California: University of California Press, 1999).
  • Behrooz,Maziar, Rebels With A Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran. (London: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 1999).
  • Bill, James A. The Eagle and Lion: The Tragedy of American-Iranian Relations, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988).
  • Koç, Mehmet, “Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü”, İram Rapor (Ağustos 2019).Matin-Asgari, Afshin, “Twentieth Century Iran’s Political Prisoners”, Middle Eastern Studies, 42 (2006), Sayı 5, 689-707.
  • Öztürk, Selim, “İran’da Silahlı Muhalefetten Demokrasi Söylemlerine: Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü”, Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 20 (Aralık 2018), Sayı 2: 165-175.
  • Piazza, James A., “The Democratic İslamic Republic of Iran in Exile”, Digest of Middle East Studies, 3 (Güz 1994), Sayı 4, 9-43.
  • Şeriati, Ali, Şia, (Ankara: Fecr Yayınları, 2016), 100-101.
  • İnternet Kaynakları
  • “A Primer on the History of the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran”, Mojahedin, 9 Nisan 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/primer-the-history-the-peoples-mojahedin-organization-iran.
  • “Albania Says It’s Discovered an Iranian Paramilitary Network”, Washington Times¸ 23 Ekim 2019, https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/23/albania-says-its-discovered-an-iranian-paramilitar/?fbclid=IwAR0d6aKUU2eA2cIKkTkX38t-M93mrBLarYOQislIvLRmbSk28oPjet9LqiM.
  • “Biography of Maryam Rajavi”, Maryam Rajavi, https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/en/biography.“German Delegation Visits Ashraf-3”, Mojahedin, 20 Kasım 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/german-delegation-visits-ashraf-3.
  • اخطار به دبیرکل نهضت آزادی و قلم به دستان لیبرال ,اردلان پیروز”/ehtar-e beh debir-e kol-e nehzet-e azadiyi ve galem beh destan-e Liberal”, Mozahemin, 30 Ağustos 2019, https://bit.ly/2PJ2jJu.
  • “Hamaney’den Tehdit Gibi Açıklama”, Sabah, 9 Ocak 2018, https://www.sabah.com.tr/dunya/2018/01/10/hamaneyden-tehdit-gibi-aciklama.
  • “Iran Diplomat among Six Arrested Over Suspected Plot Against Opposition Meeting”, Reuters, 2 Temmuz 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-attacks-belgium-iran/iran-diplomat-among-six-arrested-over-suspected-plot-against-opposition-meeting-idUSKBN1JS1C3.
  • “Iraq/Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization: Cooperate with UN”, HRW, 30 Kasım 2011, https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/11/30/iraq/mojahedin-e-khalq-organization-cooperate-un.
  • “Maryam Rajavı: Women’s Progress in the Resıstance Movement Is Indebted to An Incessant Battle agaınst Reactıonary and Exploıtatıve Thınkıng”, Maryam Rajavi, 14 Temmuz 2019, https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/en/item/maryam-rajavi-pmoi-women-international-conference-ashraf-iranian-resistance.
  • “Maryam Rajavi at Conference: Iran Uprising-International Call for Release of Detainees”, Youtube, 9 Şubat 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLdH5h_rfGk.
  • “Maryam Rajavi Calls for a Firm Policy toward the Iranian Regime’s Terrorism at International Conference”, Mojahedin, 15 Aralık 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/maryam-rajavi-calls-firm-policy-toward-iranian-regimes-terrorism-international-conference.
  • “Maryam Rajavi Calls on EU to Impose Comprehensive Sanctions on Iranian Regime”, Mojahedin, 15 Haziran 2019, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/maryam-rajavi-urge-impose-comprehensive-sanctions-irans-theocratic-regime.
  • “Maryam Rajavi Meets with Dr. Riyadh Yassin, Yemen’s Ambassador to France and Former Foreign Minister”, Mojahedin, 9 Şubat 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/newsen/61243/maryam-rajavi-meets-with-dr.-riyadh-yassin-yemen%E2%80%99s-ambassador-to-france-and-former-foreign-minister.
  • “Maryam Rajavi Saluted the Striking Teachers Across the Country”, Mojahedin, 14 Ekim 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/maryam-rajavi-saluted-the-striking-teachers-across-the-country.
  • “Maryam Rajavi: Iran Uprising, Time to March on”, Mojahedin, 20 Ocak 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/newsen/60871.
  • “Maryam Rajavi’s message to the Iranian laborers on International Labor Day”, Mojahedin, 30 Nisan 2019, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/maryam-rajavis-message-the-iranian-laborers-international-labor-day.
  • “MKO’s Maryam Rajavi Visit to Tel Aviv Planned by Trump’s Advocate”, Mehr News Agency, 23 Temmuz 2019, https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147982/MKO-s-Maryam-Rajavi-visit-to-Tel-Aviv-planned-by-Trump-s-advocate.
  • “Mojahedın Khalq (MKO, MEK, Rajavı Cult) Voices Readıness to Help Saudı Arabıa in Yemen”, Iran-Interlink, 15 Haziran 2014, https://iran-interlink.org/wordpress/what-makes-mojahedin-khalq-mko-mek-rajavi-cult-and-isis-brothers.
  • “Mujadedin-e Kalhq Organization (MEK)(MKO)(PMOI)”, Terrorism Research Analysis Consortium, https://www.trackingterrorism.org/group/mujahedin-e-khalq-organization-mek-mko-pmoi.
  • “Mujaheden e-Khalq Organization, Global Security, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/mek.htm.
  • “Pandeli Majko, Former Prime Minister of Albania-Free Iran 2018”, Mojahedin, 8 Kasım 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/pandeli-majko-former-prime-minister-albania-free-iran-2018.
  • “Maryam Rajavı Meets U.S. Presıdent’s Attorney, Rudy Giuliani”, Maryam Rajavi, 29 Haziran 2018, https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/en/item/maryam-rajavi-meets-us-president-attorney-rudy-giuliani-2.
  • “Ruhani’den ABD’ye Boyun Eğmeyeceğiz Açıklaması”, Sputnik News Türkiye, 19 Kasım 2018, https://tr.sputniknews.com/ortadogu/201811191036217084-ruhani-ABD-boyun-egmeyecegiz.
  • “Theresa Villiers, Member of UK Parliament Speaks at Free Iran 2018 Convention”, Mojahedin, 13 Ağustos 2018, https://english.mojahedin.org/i/theresa-villiers-member-parliament-speaks-free-iran-2018-convention.
  • “ابوالحسن بنی صدر/Abdol Hassan Beni Sadr”, BBC Persian, 12 Şubat 2017, https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-47077280.
  • “ابوالحسن بنی صدر/Abdol Hassan Beni Sadr”, BBC Persian, 12 Şubat 2017, https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-47077280.
  • “براندازی مصدق در ایران در مرداد سی و دو/Borandezay-e Musaddeg-e der iran-e der mordad si ve do”, BBC Persian, 30 Ağustos 2012, https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/2013/08/130820_l44_coup_extermination_mosadegh.
  • “بنر مریم رجوی /Bener-i Meryem Recevi”, Youtube, 1 Ocak 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REMM2xze0OM.
  • “بنیانگذاری سازمان مجاهدین خلق ایران/Binyangozari Sazeman-e Halg-e İran”, Mojahedin, 10 Temmuz 2017, https://bit.ly/34scDcN.
  • “پرسش و پاسخ در مورد سازمان مجاهدین خلق ایران و سیاست های آن- قسمت اول/Perseş ve der mored-e sazeman-e mucahidin-e halk-e iran-e ve seyasetha-ye an gısmate evvel”, Pezhvak¸ 4 Kasım 2019, http://www.pezhvakeiran.com/maghaleh-55273.html.
  • “زندگینامه دکتر یدالله سحابی/Zendeginame-i Doktor-e Yadollah-e Sehabi”, Taranarnews, 12 Mart 2009, http://www.tarabarnews.com/view-5021.html.
  • “صنعت فیلم سازی یکی دیگر از پهنه‌های جنگ روانی رژیم علیه مجاهدین/San-ati filmi sazi yeki diger-e yehnehayi cengi revani rejimi aliye mücahidin”, Iran Efshagari, https://bit.ly/36z8SE8.
  • “طعمه گرگ‌های خارج‌نشین/Tame-e gergeha-ye harcneşin”, ISNA, 5 Haziran 2010, https://bit.ly/2PHaZzX.
  • “عملیات آژاکس ؛ بررسی اسناد CIA درباره کودتای 28 مرداد/Emeliyet-e Ajaks: berresi-e esnad-e CIA derbarey-e kovdat-e 28 mordad”, Mehrnews, 18 Ağustos 2002, https://bit.ly/34jkIk2.
  • “فراخوان مقاومت ایران درحمایت از قیام مردم ایران/Fer ahvan-e mugavemet-e İran-e der hemyet-e giyam-e merdom-e İran”, Maryam Rajavi, 30 Haziran 2018, https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/item/alyaum-maryam-rajavi.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Doğacan Başaran 0000-0002-5055-5069

Ayşenur Kırılmaz This is me 0000-0002-8827-5118

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Başaran, D., & Kırılmaz, A. (2020). İran’a Karşı Yürütülen Propagandanın Vekil Aktörü: Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü. İran Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 211-240. https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.642940

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İran Çalışmaları Dergisi bilginin yayılması ve zenginleşmesi için Açık Erişim Politikasına uymaktadır.