Dinin Ötesine Bakmak: Devrim Öncesi İran’da Ulema ve Siyaset

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 39 - 57, 30.12.2017

Agah Hazır

https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.365856

Abstract

Bu makale İran’da, 1950’lerden
1970’lerin sonuna kadar olan dönemde, ulemasiyaset ilişkisini incelemektedir.
Birbiri ile ilişkili iki soruya yoğunlaşmaktadır: 1. Sıklıkla iddia edildiği
gibi, İran tarihinde büyük siyasi kitle hareketleri ulema tarafından mı
yönlendirilmiştir? 2. İran devriminin temel harekete geçiricisi ulema mıdır?
Makale, İran tarihinin üç dönemini ele almaktadır 1951-53 Iran petrolünün
millileştirilmesi, 1963 Rıza Şah’ın Beyaz Devrimi ve son olarak 1977-1979 arası
devrimci dönem. Makalede ulema ve siyaset arasındaki ilişkide önceden
belirlenmiş çatışma veya uzlaşma alanları olmadığı, aksine bu ilişkinin
aktörlerin siyasi çıkarları tarafından belirlenen dinamik bir etkileşim süreci
sonucunda oluştuğu gösterilmektedir.

Keywords

İran, ulema, din-devlet ilişkileri, muhalif kitle hareketleri, İslam ve Siyaset

Beyond Religion: Ulama and Politics in Pre-revolutionary Iran

Abstract

The primary aim of this paper is to
investigate the relations between the ulama and politics in Iranian history
throughout the period between the 1950s to late 1970s. It will focus on two
interrelated questions: 1. Were the ulama always led the mass opposition movements
in Iranian history, as they often claimed or were credited to be? 2. Did the
Iranian Revolution occurred mainly thanks to the ulama`s efforts? By analyzing
the relations between the ulama and politics in three consecutive periods in
modern history of Iran, which are 1951-1953 period of oil nationalization, 1963
the White Revolution and finally the revolutionary struggles of 1977-1979, the
paper shows that there was not a predetermined area of conflict or cooperation
between these two domains, but a dynamic interaction shaped by the very
political interests of the actors.

Keywords

Iran, ulama, religion and state relations, mass opposition movements, Islam and politics

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