Bangladeş Dakka Metropolündeki Gündelik İşçilerin Geçim Stratejisi Olarak Sosyal Ağ

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 43 - 50, 26.07.2019

Ahsan Habib , Abu Bakar Siddiq

Abstract

Sosyal sermaye ile oluşturulan geçim
çeşitliliği, gündelik ücretle çalışan işçi ve kırsal-kentsel göç çalışmalarına
odaklanan çoğu araştırmacı, politikacı ve sosyal bilimciler tarafından birçok
anlamda göz ardı edilmiştir. Zenginlik sahibi insanlar büyüme stratejileri ile
geçim kaynaklarını çeşitlendirebilir. Fakat çoğunlukla herhangi bir toprak
sahibi olmayan, kayıt dışı ekonomik sektörlerde çalışan gündelik işçiler veya amelelik
ile uğraşan işçiler gibi yoksul insanlar, mevcut yoksulluğu azaltma
stratejileri kapsamında geçim kaynaklarını iyileştirememektirler. Çeşitli
sosyal sermaye, ilişki ve ağlar kullanarak bu insanlar her zaman aynı ekonomik
sistemde geçim kaynaklarını çeşitlendirmek için fırsatlar aramaktalar. Geçim
kaynaklarının çeşitliliği dinamiğine odaklanan bu çalışma, kentlerdeki yaşayan amelelik
ile uğraşan işçilerin günümüzdeki durumunun daha iyi analiz edilebileceğine
odaklanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Bangladeş’in başkenti Dakka’da
yaşayan gündelik çalışan işçilerin yaşam stratejisinin daha dinamik yönlerine
ışık tutmaktır. Bu amaçla etnografik verileri ve vaka çalışmalarını kullanarak yapılan
bu araştırma, sosyal ağ ve sosyal sermayenin yardımıyla hayatta kalmak için
yapılan birikimden, yoksulluktan kurtulma sürecine kadar oluşan geçim
kaynaklarının çeşitliliğini göstermektedir. 

Keywords

Sosyal kapital, Kırsal-kentsel göç, Geçim, Gündelik işçi, Dakka, Bangladeş

Social network as livelihood strategy of floating labourers of Dhaka Metropolitan, Bangladesh

Abstract

Livelihood diversification using social capital in
the sense has been overlooked by most of the researchers, policy makers and
social scientists in the study of urban wage labour and rural-urban migration.
The rich people can diversify their livelihoods through growth strategies; however,
poorer people who are mostly landless, involved with informal economic sector,
day labourer or floating labourer cannot improve their livelihood under
existing poverty reduction strategies. They are always looking for
opportunities to diversify their livelihoods in the same economic system by
using various social capital, relation and networks. Focusing on dynamic of
livelihoods diversification, the study focuses that, the current situation of
urban floating labourer can be better analysed. The main aim of the paper was to
shed light on more dynamic aspects of livelihoods strategy of urban daily based
wage labourer of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Using ethnographic data
and case studies, hence, this paper has interpreted the process of getting out
of poverty as livelihood diversification using social network and social capital,
from survival to accumulation.

Keywords

Social capital, Rural-urban migration, Livelihood, Floating labourer, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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