THE IMPACT OF THE ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN THE SOUTH KOREA: FOCUS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION ON THE POST-COLD WAR ERA

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 61 - 77, 20.09.2024

İlayda Melike Yavaş , İlke Civelekoğlu

https://doi.org/10.62101/iticudisticaretdergisi.1522831

Abstract

When the Korean War (1950-1953) happened, the Peninsula has divided into two, resulting in a million people have killed and half of the infrastructure destroyed. President Park realized that the only way to compensate has to put aside the outdated Import Substitution Industrialization Model and implement the Export-Oriented Industrialization Model instead. Despite of such obstacles the Republic of Korea has become the fastest-growing economy in the world with extraordinary economic achievements, once one of the poorest countries. This study, the impact of economic diplomacy on South Korea in the post-Cold War era, and the reasons for rapid growth that changed the socio-economic structure will be discussed according to data in academic publications. At the end of the study, South Korea's economic relations with the Asia-Pacific region will be touched upon.

Keywords

South Korea, Economic Diplomacy, Asia-Pacific Countries, Globalization, Post-Cold War Era

GÜNEY KORE'DE EKONOMİK DİPLOMASİNİN ETKİSİ: SOĞUK SAVAŞ SONRASI ASYA-PASİFİK BÖLGESİNE ODAKLANMA

Abstract

Kore Savaşı (1950-1953) yaşandığı sırada Yarımada ikiye bölünmüş, bunun sonucunda bir milyon insan ölmüş ve ülke altyapının yarısı da yok olmuştur. Başkan Park, durumu telafi etmenin tek yolunun çağ dışı İthal İkameci Sanayileşme Modelini bir kenara bırakıp, bunun yerine İhracata Yönelik Sanayileşme Modelini hayata geçirmek olduğunu fark etmiştir. Bu tür engellere rağmen, bir zamanlar en fakir ülkelerden biri olan Kore Cumhuriyeti, olağanüstü ekonomik başarılarıyla dünyanın en hızlı büyüyen ekonomisi haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde ekonomik diplomasinin Güney Kore üzerindeki etkisi ve sosyo-ekonomik yapıyı değiştiren hızlı büyümenin nedenleri akademik yayınlardaki verilere göre ele alınacaktır. Çalışmanın sonunda, Güney Kore'nin Asya-Pasifik bölgesi ile ekonomik ilişkilerine değinilecektir.

Keywords

Güney Kore, Ekonomik Diplomasi, Asya Pasifik Ülkeleri, Küreselleşme, Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönem

References

• Acemoğlu, D., & Robinson, S. (2006). Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Ahn, D.-G., Aubert, J.-E., Suh, J., & Chen, D. H. (2006, January First). Korea as a Knowledge Economy: Evolutionary Process and Lessons Learned - Overview. Retrieved June 2, 2024, from World Bank: https://documents.worldbank.org/pt/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/409671468048836704/korea-as-a-knowledge-economy-evolutionary-process-and-lessons-learned-overview
• Barton, D. (2007). Taking Stock: Ten Years After the Asian Financial Crisis. The McKinsey Quarterly, 106-111+3. Retrieved May 3, 2024, from https://www.frbsf.org/banking/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/barton.pdf
• Berg, A. (1999, 10 01). The Asia Crisis: Causes, Policy Responses, and Outcomes. IMF Working Paper, 99(138), 62. doi:DOI:10.5089/9781451855968.001
• Calvo, A. (2014 , November 4). Russia and South Korea: the economic and geopolitical rationale for a natural gas pipeline . Retrieved from http://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/chinapolicyinstitute/2014/11/04/russia-and-south-korea-the-economic-and-geopolitical-rationale-for-a-natural-gas-pipeline/
• Chang, H.-J. (2015). Sanayileşmenin Gizli Tarihi (6. ed.). (E. Akçaoğlu, Trans.) Ankara: Efil Yayınevi.
• Gardner, N., Manley, B., & Pearson, J. (1993). Gas Emissions from Landfills and Their Contributions to Global Warming. Applied Energy, 44(2), 165-174. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(93)90059-X.
• Garrett, G. (2008). Partisan Politics in the Global Economy. Cambridge University Press. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511625633
• Haas, P. (1992). Epistemic Communities, Constructivism, and International Environmental Politics. International Organization, 46(1), 1 - 35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300001442
• Haddad, M. (2007). Trade Integration in East Asia: The Role of China and Production Networks. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper(4160), pp. 1-36. Retrieved from Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=969237
• Heckscher, E. (1994). Mercantilism (1. ed.). (M. Shapiro, Trans.) London: Routledge. Hundt, D., & Bleiker, R. (2007). Reconciling Colonial Memories in Korea and Japan. Asian Perspective, 31(Special Issue on "Reconciliation between China and Japan"), 61-91. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/42704577
• Johnson, C. (1999). The Developmental State: Odyssey of a Concept. In M. Woo-Cumings (Ed.), The Developmental State (pp. 32-60). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. doi:https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501720383-fm
• Kim, L., & Dahlman, C. J. (1992). Technology Policy for Industrialization: An integrative Framework and Korea's Experience. Research Policy, 21(5), 437-452. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(92)90004-N
• KITA (Korea International Trade Association). (n.d.). K-Statistics. Retrieved from KITA.ORG: https://www.kita.org/kStatistics/overview/balanceOfTrade/balanceOfTradeList.do
• Krasner, S. (1983). International Regimes. Cornell University Press.
• Krugman, P. (1997, November/December). The Myth of Asia's Miracle. In P. Krugman, Pop Internationalism (1. ed., pp. 17-62). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Retrieved May 15, 2024, from https://archive.org/details/popinternational00paul
• Lawrence, R., & Weinstein, D. (1999, July). Trade And Growth: Import-Led Or Export-Led? Evidence From Japan And Korea. NBER Working Paper Series, 1-46. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w7264
• Lee, J.-W., Radelet, S., & Sachs, J. (2001, February 1). The Determinants and Prospects of Economic Growth in Asia. International Economic Journal, 15(3), pp. 1-29. doi:10.1080/10168730100000041
• Mastanduno, M. (1991). Do Relative Gains Matter? America's Response to Japanese Industrial Policy. International Security, 16(1), pp. 73-113. doi:https://www.jstor.org/stable/i323294
• Mavlianov, S. (2012, January). Export-led Growth and Economic Development of South Korea: Lessons for Kyrgyzstan. 13-17. Retrieved July 21, 2024, from https://avekon.org/papers/532.pdf
• Mikhaylov, A., Varyash , I., & Dooyum, U. (2020). Energy Security Concept in Russia and South Korea. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10(4), 102-107. doi:https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9116
• Milbrandt, A., Heimiller, D., Perry, A., & Field, C. (2014). Renewable Energy Potential on Marginal Lands in the United States. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews(29), 473-481. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.079
• Moiseev, N., & Akhmadeev, B. (2017). Agent-based Simulation of Wealth, Capital and Asset Distribution on Stock Markets. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 29(2), 176-196. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107917698781
• Odell, J. S. (2000). Negotiating the World Economy. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
• OECD. (2004). Economic Survey of Korea, 2004. Retrieved from OECD.
• Öz, S. (2008). Küresel Rekabette Son Aşamaya Ulaşmak: Güney Kore. İstanbul: TÜSİAD- Sabancı Üniversitesi Rekabet Forumu Yayınları (Yayın No: REF 06/2008). Retrieved April 25, 2024, from https://tusiad.org/tr/yayinlar/raporlar/item/download/7829_57a3a44a019ee60c8f-0ae6a4f5a94627
• Özel, I. (2016). Karşılaştırmalı Politik Ekonomi. In S. Sayarı, & H. Dikici Bilgin (Eds.), Karşılaştırmalı Siyaset: Temel Konular ve Yaklaşımlar (4. ed., pp. 210-231). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi University Press. Retrieved June 3, 2024
• Pack, H., Page, J., Sabor, R., & Stiglitz, J. (1993, September 26). The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. (N. Birdsall, J. Campos, C.-S. Kim, W. Corden, & L. MacDonald, Eds.) A World Bank Policy Research Report(1). Retrieved July 26, 2024, from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/975081468244550798/Main-report
• Putnam , R. (1988). Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games. International Organization, 42(3), 427-460. Retrieved from http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-818328 198822%2942%3A3%3C427%3ADADPTL%3E2.O.CO%3B2-K
• Rodrik, D. (1995). Trade Strategy, Investment and Exports: Another Look at East Asia. Centre for Economic Policy Research London: Discussion paper series, 1305. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Trade_Strategy_Investment_and_Exports.html?id=uE-yAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
• Schwab, K., & Porter, M. (2007). The Global Competitiveness Report: 2007-2008. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan and World Economic Forum.
• Song, B.-N. (2003). The Rise of the Korean Economy (3 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Retrieved April 5, 2024, from https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/The_Rise_of_the_Korean_Economy.html?id=sraiQgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
• Tate, N. C. (Ed.). (2006). Governments of the World: A Global Guide to Citizens' Rights and Responsibilities (ISBN: 0-02-866073-0 ed.). Farmington Hills, Michigan: Macmillan Reference USA.
• Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat. (n.d.). Retrieved from Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat: https://tcs-asia.org/en/about/overview.php
• U.S. Department of State. (1997, February 10). Fact sheet released by the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. Retrieved from U.S. Department of State: https://1997-2001.state.gov/regions/eap/fs_us_so_korea_relations.html
• Ünay, S. (2015). Savaş-Sonrası Dönemde Türkiye-Japonya Ekonomi Politiklerine Bakış: Ulusal Kalkınmacılıktan Küresel Rekabete. In K. A. Akkemik, & S. Ünay (Eds.), Doğu Asya'nın Politik Ekonomisi: Japonya, Çin ve Güney Kore'de Kalkınma, Siyaset ve Jeostrateji (1. ed., pp. 162-182). İstanbul: Boğaziçi University Press.
• Vogel, E. (1991). The Four Little Dragons : The Spread of Industrialization in East Asia (3. ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Retrieved May 12, 2024, from https://archive.org/details/fourlittledragon00voge
• WDI Online. (n.d.). World Development Indicators Online. Retrieved from World Bank DataBank: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
• Yusuf, S. (2001). The East Asian Miracle at the Millennium. In S. Yusuf, & J. Stiglitz (Eds.), Rethinking the East Asian Miracle. World Bank and Oxford University Press. Retrieved July 2, 2024, from https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/346311468746792208/pdf/multi0page.pdf