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Analysis of Turkey’s Export from the Perspective of Concentration

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 7, 1823 - 1842, 29.10.2016
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.259266

Abstract

Turkey’s foreign
trade strategy in recent years, primarily has to reduce the trade deficit (and
current account deficit) by increasing the export. However, decreasing
concentration in export has been revealed as an important goal by economy policy
makers. Because, decreasing concentration (increasing diversification) in
export plays an important role to achieve the competitive advantage of Turkey
in the global economy. In this study covering the years 2000-2014, the level of
product and market concentration in Turkey’s export was determined by using
Concentration Ratio of Commerce and Gini-Hirschman Index. According to the
analysis, it has been revealed that product and market concentrations have
decreased.



 

References

  • Affendy Arip, M., Yee, L.S. ve Abdul Karim, B. (2010), “Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Malaysia”, MPRA, Unimas Reitaku University, 20588, 1-10.
  • Akal, M. (2009), “Türkiye-Rusya ve Ukrayna Dış Ticaretinde Fasıl Yoğunlaşması, Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler ve Yapısal Değişimler”, Akademik Bakış, 16, 1-15.
  • Ayrancı, E. (2009), “Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Açıdan Küreselleşmesinin Yoğunlaşma Vasıtasıyla Ölçülmesi ve Konu Hakkında Bir Araştırma”, Anadolu Bil MYO Dergisi, 4(16), 50-64.
  • Bacchetta, M., Jansen, M., Piermartini, R. ve Amurgo-Pacheco, A. (2012), “Export Diversification as an Absorber of External Shocks”, 1-14. ve E. Haddad, M., Jerome Lim, J., ve Saborowski, C. (2012), “Trade Opennes Reduces Growth Volatility When Countries Are Well Diversifed”, European Central Bank Working Paper, 1491, 1-33.
  • Carrere, C., Strauss-Kahn, V. ve Cadot, O. (2011), “Export Diversification: What’s Behind The Hump?”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(2), 590-605.
  • Carrere, C., Strauss-Kahn, V. ve Cadot, O. (2007), “Export Diversification: What’s Behind the Hump?”, Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1-46.
  • Çınar, Y. ve Göksel, T. (2010), “İhracatta Bölgesel Çeşitlendirme ve İstikrar”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(2), 29-57.
  • DİE, (2003), Dış Ticarette Yoğunlaşma.
  • Goldfarb, D. (2006), “Too Many Eggs in One Basket? Evaluating Canada’s Need to Diversify Trade”, C.D.Howe Institute Commentary, 236, 1-28.
  • Goschin, Z., Constantin, D.L., Roman, M. ve Ileanu, B.V. (2009), “Specialisation and Concentration Patterns in the Romanian Economy”, Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 4(1), 95-111.
  • Hamid, Z. (2010), “Concentration of Exports and Patterns of Trade: A Time Series Evidence”, The Journal of Developing Areas, 43(2), 255-270.
  • Hesse, H. (2008), “Export Diversification and Economic Growth”, The World Bank Commission on Growth and Development, 21, 1-25.
  • Hirschman, A.O. (1945), National Power and The Structure of Foreign Trade, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Hirschman, A.O. (1964), “The Paternity of an Index”, The American Economic Review”, 54(5), 761-762.
  • Kovacs, Z.A. (2004), “Is There Any Convergence in Trade Structures Following EU Accession? Some Trade Related Aspects of Enlargement”, The Meeting of European Conjuncture Institutes (AIECE) Working Group on Longer-Term Prospects and Structural Change, 1-47.
  • Kösekahyaoğlu, L. (2007), “Türkiye Dış Ticaretinde Ürün ve Ülke Bazında Yoğunlaşma:1980-2005 Dönemi Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 36, 15-34.
  • Küçükkiremitçi, O., Genç, Ö., Şimşek, M., Ekinci, A., Ersoy, E. ve Sekmen, F. (2010), “Bosna Hersek Ekonomik ve Sosyal Profili”, Kalkınma Bankası A.Ş. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Müdürlüğü, 1-77.
  • Küçükkiremitçi, O., Karaca, M.E. ve Eşiyok, B.A. (2010), “Türkiye’nin İhracatında Öne Çıkan Sektörlerde Temel Pazar Ülkeler, Rakipler ve Rekabet Gücü”, Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası A.Ş., 1-42.
  • Lüthje, T. (2010), European Trade and Economic Integration, Department of Entrepreneurship and Relationship Management Working Paper, 1, 1-23.
  • Naude, W. ve Rossouw, R. (2008), “Export Diversification and Specialization in South Africa: Extent and Impact”, World Institute for Development Economic Research, 93, 1-36.
  • Raihan, S. (Ed.). (2007), “Prospects for Export Diversification: A Comparative Analysis of Experiences from Four Asian LDCs”, Export Diversification for Human Development in the Post-ATC Era-Perspectives from Asian LDCs, UNDP.
  • Saif, I. ve Barakat, N. (2005), “Competition, Competition Policy and Economic Efficiency in the MENA Region-Jordan’s Country Report”, IDRC Final Report, 1-69.
  • Samen, S. (2010), “A Primer on Export Diversification: Key Concepts, Theoretical Underpinnings and Empirical Evidence”, Growth and Crisis Unit World Bank Institute, 1-23.
  • Secer, A. (2008), “An Investigation on Turkish Hazelnut Export Concentration”, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 4(11), 1557-1560.
  • Seymen, D. (2009), “Gümrük Birliği, Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği ile Ticaretinde Ülke Yoğunlaşmasını Değiştirdi mi?”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 199-220.
  • Taylor, T.G. ve Francis, B. (2003), “Agricultural Export Diversification in Latin America and the Caribbean”, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Supplement, 35, 77-87.
  • Tegegne, A. (1991), “Commodity Concentration and Export Earnings Instability: Evidence from African Countries”, ERAF-Centre for Economic Research on Africa, 3.
  • Voinea, L. (2002), “Advancing at Its Own Speed: A Trade Approach on Romania’s Convergence to EU”, Romanian Journal of European Affairs, 2(3), 56-71.
  • Wilhelms, C. (1967), “Export Diversification in Latin America”, Intereconomics, 2, 46-48.
  • World Bank, Export Diversification in Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia, Social and Economic Development Sector Unit Middle East and North Africa Region, 2, 1-91.
  • Xin, X. ve Liu, J. (2008), “Geographic Concentration and China’s Agricultural Export Instability”, The World Economy, 31(2), 275-285.
  • Yavuz, N.Ç. (2000), “Türkiye’nin Dış Ticaretinin Mallar ve Ülkeler Açısından Konsantrasyon Analizi (1975-1998)”, Çimento İşveren Dergisi, 14(5), 3-12.
  • Abdmoullah, W. ve Laabas, B. “Assesment of Arab Export Competitiveness in International Market Using Trade Indicators”, API/WPS 1010,
  • http://www.arab-api.org/images/publication/pdfs/296/296_wps1010.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 16.06.2013).
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD (Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2013).
  • http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist(Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2013).
  • http://comtrade.un.org/db/dqQuickQuery.aspx(Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2013).

Türkiye’nin İhracatının Yoğunlaşma Perspektifinde Analizi

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 7, 1823 - 1842, 29.10.2016
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.259266

Abstract

Türkiye’nin son yıllardaki dış ticaret stratejisi
öncelikle ihracatını arttırarak dış ticaret açığını (dolayısıyla cari işlemler
açığını) azaltmaktır. Bununla beraber, ihracatta yoğunlaşmaların azaltılması da
ekonomi politikası uygulayıcıları tarafından önemli bir hedef olarak ortaya
koyulmuştur. Keza, ihracatta yoğunlaşmaların azaltılması (çeşitlendirmenin
arttırılması) Türkiye’nin küresel ekonomide rekabet avantajı elde etmesinde
önemli rol oynamaktadır. 2000-2014 yıllarını kapsayan bu çalışmada, Ticaret
Yoğunlaşma Oranı ve Gini-Hirschman İndeksi kullanılarak Türkiye’nin
ihracatındaki ürün ve pazar yoğunlaşma düzeyi belirlenmiştir. Yapılan
analizlerde, Türkiye’nin ürün ve pazar bazında yoğunlaşmalarının azaldığı
ortaya koyulmuştur.

References

  • Affendy Arip, M., Yee, L.S. ve Abdul Karim, B. (2010), “Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Malaysia”, MPRA, Unimas Reitaku University, 20588, 1-10.
  • Akal, M. (2009), “Türkiye-Rusya ve Ukrayna Dış Ticaretinde Fasıl Yoğunlaşması, Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler ve Yapısal Değişimler”, Akademik Bakış, 16, 1-15.
  • Ayrancı, E. (2009), “Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Açıdan Küreselleşmesinin Yoğunlaşma Vasıtasıyla Ölçülmesi ve Konu Hakkında Bir Araştırma”, Anadolu Bil MYO Dergisi, 4(16), 50-64.
  • Bacchetta, M., Jansen, M., Piermartini, R. ve Amurgo-Pacheco, A. (2012), “Export Diversification as an Absorber of External Shocks”, 1-14. ve E. Haddad, M., Jerome Lim, J., ve Saborowski, C. (2012), “Trade Opennes Reduces Growth Volatility When Countries Are Well Diversifed”, European Central Bank Working Paper, 1491, 1-33.
  • Carrere, C., Strauss-Kahn, V. ve Cadot, O. (2011), “Export Diversification: What’s Behind The Hump?”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(2), 590-605.
  • Carrere, C., Strauss-Kahn, V. ve Cadot, O. (2007), “Export Diversification: What’s Behind the Hump?”, Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1-46.
  • Çınar, Y. ve Göksel, T. (2010), “İhracatta Bölgesel Çeşitlendirme ve İstikrar”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(2), 29-57.
  • DİE, (2003), Dış Ticarette Yoğunlaşma.
  • Goldfarb, D. (2006), “Too Many Eggs in One Basket? Evaluating Canada’s Need to Diversify Trade”, C.D.Howe Institute Commentary, 236, 1-28.
  • Goschin, Z., Constantin, D.L., Roman, M. ve Ileanu, B.V. (2009), “Specialisation and Concentration Patterns in the Romanian Economy”, Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 4(1), 95-111.
  • Hamid, Z. (2010), “Concentration of Exports and Patterns of Trade: A Time Series Evidence”, The Journal of Developing Areas, 43(2), 255-270.
  • Hesse, H. (2008), “Export Diversification and Economic Growth”, The World Bank Commission on Growth and Development, 21, 1-25.
  • Hirschman, A.O. (1945), National Power and The Structure of Foreign Trade, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Hirschman, A.O. (1964), “The Paternity of an Index”, The American Economic Review”, 54(5), 761-762.
  • Kovacs, Z.A. (2004), “Is There Any Convergence in Trade Structures Following EU Accession? Some Trade Related Aspects of Enlargement”, The Meeting of European Conjuncture Institutes (AIECE) Working Group on Longer-Term Prospects and Structural Change, 1-47.
  • Kösekahyaoğlu, L. (2007), “Türkiye Dış Ticaretinde Ürün ve Ülke Bazında Yoğunlaşma:1980-2005 Dönemi Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 36, 15-34.
  • Küçükkiremitçi, O., Genç, Ö., Şimşek, M., Ekinci, A., Ersoy, E. ve Sekmen, F. (2010), “Bosna Hersek Ekonomik ve Sosyal Profili”, Kalkınma Bankası A.Ş. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Müdürlüğü, 1-77.
  • Küçükkiremitçi, O., Karaca, M.E. ve Eşiyok, B.A. (2010), “Türkiye’nin İhracatında Öne Çıkan Sektörlerde Temel Pazar Ülkeler, Rakipler ve Rekabet Gücü”, Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası A.Ş., 1-42.
  • Lüthje, T. (2010), European Trade and Economic Integration, Department of Entrepreneurship and Relationship Management Working Paper, 1, 1-23.
  • Naude, W. ve Rossouw, R. (2008), “Export Diversification and Specialization in South Africa: Extent and Impact”, World Institute for Development Economic Research, 93, 1-36.
  • Raihan, S. (Ed.). (2007), “Prospects for Export Diversification: A Comparative Analysis of Experiences from Four Asian LDCs”, Export Diversification for Human Development in the Post-ATC Era-Perspectives from Asian LDCs, UNDP.
  • Saif, I. ve Barakat, N. (2005), “Competition, Competition Policy and Economic Efficiency in the MENA Region-Jordan’s Country Report”, IDRC Final Report, 1-69.
  • Samen, S. (2010), “A Primer on Export Diversification: Key Concepts, Theoretical Underpinnings and Empirical Evidence”, Growth and Crisis Unit World Bank Institute, 1-23.
  • Secer, A. (2008), “An Investigation on Turkish Hazelnut Export Concentration”, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 4(11), 1557-1560.
  • Seymen, D. (2009), “Gümrük Birliği, Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği ile Ticaretinde Ülke Yoğunlaşmasını Değiştirdi mi?”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 199-220.
  • Taylor, T.G. ve Francis, B. (2003), “Agricultural Export Diversification in Latin America and the Caribbean”, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Supplement, 35, 77-87.
  • Tegegne, A. (1991), “Commodity Concentration and Export Earnings Instability: Evidence from African Countries”, ERAF-Centre for Economic Research on Africa, 3.
  • Voinea, L. (2002), “Advancing at Its Own Speed: A Trade Approach on Romania’s Convergence to EU”, Romanian Journal of European Affairs, 2(3), 56-71.
  • Wilhelms, C. (1967), “Export Diversification in Latin America”, Intereconomics, 2, 46-48.
  • World Bank, Export Diversification in Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia, Social and Economic Development Sector Unit Middle East and North Africa Region, 2, 1-91.
  • Xin, X. ve Liu, J. (2008), “Geographic Concentration and China’s Agricultural Export Instability”, The World Economy, 31(2), 275-285.
  • Yavuz, N.Ç. (2000), “Türkiye’nin Dış Ticaretinin Mallar ve Ülkeler Açısından Konsantrasyon Analizi (1975-1998)”, Çimento İşveren Dergisi, 14(5), 3-12.
  • Abdmoullah, W. ve Laabas, B. “Assesment of Arab Export Competitiveness in International Market Using Trade Indicators”, API/WPS 1010,
  • http://www.arab-api.org/images/publication/pdfs/296/296_wps1010.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 16.06.2013).
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD (Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2013).
  • http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist(Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2013).
  • http://comtrade.un.org/db/dqQuickQuery.aspx(Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2013).
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Birol Erkan

Zekai Fatih Sunay This is me

Publication Date October 29, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 5 Issue: 7

Cite

APA Erkan, B., & Sunay, Z. F. (2016). Türkiye’nin İhracatının Yoğunlaşma Perspektifinde Analizi. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(7), 1823-1842. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.259266

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