Research Article
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The United Nations’ Public Diplomacy and the Third World

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 583 - 601, 30.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.391648

Abstract

This research aims to
discuss the position of the Third World in the United Nations’ public diplomacy
and to understand the international role of UNESCO and Department of Public
Information
(DPI) in the implementation of public diplomacy. The subject is dealt with in
three sub-chapters.
The study firstly explains the structure of the UN and public diplomacy and secondly describes the place of the
Third World in the UN's public diplomacy through examples. In the last
sub-heading, how UNESCO and
DPI serve in the UN's public diplomacy is presented.
In this respect, the U
Ns public diplomacy, which has not been studied in Turkey to date, and the place of the Third World along with the use of culture in its public diplomacy may be regarded as important topics. A literature analysis is conducted in the present research that employs the screening model. The relevant literature are examined within the scope of the samples. Using the relational screening
model,
the study arrives at some conclusions.

References

  • Adelman, K. L. and Plattner, M. F. (1983). Third World Voting Patterns at the United Nations. W. S. Thompson (ed.). The Third World: Premises of U.S. Policy içinde. San Francisco: ICS Press, pp.139-154.Allen, L. (2017). Palestine, the Third World, and the UN as Seen from a Special Commission. K. Makdisi and V. Prashad (ed.). Land of Blue Helmets: The United Nations and the Arab World içinde. Oakland: University of California Press, pp.58-73.Allot, P. (2006). The International Court and the Voice of Justice. V. Lowe and M. Fitzmaurice (ed.). Fifty Years of the International Court of Justice içinde. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.17-39.Arnold, G. (2016). The Third World Handbook. London: Bloomsbury.Aydemir, E. (2016). Dış Politikada Yumuşak Güç ve Medya. İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınevi.Berck, J. S. (1984). International Telecommunications: Radio Marti. Harvard International Law journal, Vol. 25, Number 2, Spring, 1984, ss.483-490.Cappon, P. (2004). The Sustainability of Education: A Prerequisite for Sustaniable Human Development. UNESCO, Educating for a Sustainable Future: Commitments and Partnerships, Spain: UNESCO, pp.35-46.Center, S. (2010). Supranational Public Diplomacy: The Evolution of the UN Department of Public Information and the Rise of Third World Advocacy, K. A. Osgood and B. C. Etheridge (ed.). The United States and Public Diplomacy: New Directions in Cultural and International History içinde. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff: pp.135-164.Conforti, B. (2005). The Law and Practice of the United Nations. Third Revised Edition, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Cooper, R. (2004). Hard Power, Soft Power and the Goals of Diplomacy. D. Held and M. Koenig-Archibugi (ed.). American Power in the 21st Century içinde. London: Polity Press, pp. 167-180.Cull, N. J. (2009). Public Diplomacy: Lessons from the Past. Los Angeles: Figuerroa Press.Cull, N. J. (2010). Public Diplomacy: Seven Lessons for its Future from its Past. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Vol. 6, 1, pp.11–17.Çakmak, C. (2014). Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu: Anarşi, Küresel Yönetişim ve BM Genel Kurulu’nun Rolü. N. Doğan, C. Çakmak, H. K. Aslan (der.). Birleşmiş Milletler: BM Sistemi ve Reformu içinde. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, ss.13-33. Dağı, Z. (2007). Diplomasi: Çatışmanın ve İşbirliğinin Dili. Z. Dağı (der.). Uluslararası Politikayı Anlamak içinde. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, ss.287-353.Doğan, N. (2014). Uluslararası Adalet Divanı: Adalet Divanı’nın BM Sistemi ve Uluslararası Hukuktaki Rolü. N. Doğan, C. Çakmak, H. K. Aslan (der.). Birleşmiş Milletler: BM Sistemi ve Reformu içinde. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, ss.131-149.Eriksen, T. H. (2001). Between Universalism and Relativism: a Critique of the UNESCO Concept of Culture. J. K. Cowan, M. B. Dembour and R. A. Wilson (ed.). Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives içinde. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 127-149. General Assembly of the United Nations, http://www.un.org/en/ga/ Erişim: 28.10.2017Graham, S. E. (2006). The (Real) Politiks of Culture: U.S. Cultural Diplomacy in UNESCO, 1946-1954. Diplomatic History. Volume 30, Issue 2, 1 April 2006, pp. 231–251.Groller International Americana, Encyclopedia, Cilt III.1993.Hassler, S. (2013). Reforming the UN Security Council Membership: The Illusion of Representativeness. New York: Routledge.Hemery, J. (2005). Training for Public Diplomacy: an Evolutionary Perspective. J. Melissen (ed.). The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations içinde. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.196-209.Ivey, B. (2008). Cultural Diplomacy and The National Interest: In Search of a 21st Century Perspective. Arts Industries Policy Forum. The Curb Center at Vanderbilt University.İskit, T. (2012). Diplomasi Tarihi, Teorisi, Kurumları Ve Uygulaması. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.Kaufmann, J. (1980). United Nations: Decision Making. Maryland: Sijthoff & Noordhoff International Publishers.Khatib, L. And Dodds, K. (2009). Geopolitics, Public Diplomacy and Soft Power. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 2, pp. 5–12.Limage, L. J. (1997). “Literacy Strategies: A view from the International Literacy Year Secretariat of UNESCO”. P. Freebody and R. A. Welch (ed.). Knowledge, Culture and Power: International Perspectives on Literacy as Policy and Practice içinde. London-Washington, DC: Falmer Press, pp. 23-35.Luck, E. C. (2006). UN Security Council: Practice and Promise. London and New York: Routledge.Mark, S. (2009). A Greater Role For Cultural Diplomacy. Discussion Papers in Diplomacy, Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, April. Melissen, J. (2005). The New Public Diplomacy: Between Theory and Practice. J. Melissen (ed.). The New Public Diplomacy Soft Power in International Relations içinde. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.Mengiler, Ö. (2005). Birleşmiş Milletler Çerçevesinde Uluslararası Uyuşmazlıkların Çözümü. Ankara: Platin.Meydan Larouse Büyük Lügat ve Ansiklopedi (1992). III. Cilt, 1992News & Media Division http://www.un.org/en/sections/department-public-information/department-public-information/news-media-division/index.html Erişim Tar: 25.12.2017Nye, j. (2005). Dünya Siyasetinde Başarının Yolu Yumuşak Güç. Çev. Reyhan İnan Aydın, Ankara: Elips Kitap.Outreach Division http://www.un.org/en/sections/department-public-information/department-public-information/outreach-division/index.html Erişim Tar: 27.12.2017Peterson, M.J. (2006). The UN General Assembly. New York: Routledge.Puchala, D. J., Laatikainen, K. V. and Coate, R. A. (2016). United Nations Politics: International Organization in a Divided World. London: Routledge.Snow, N. (2009). Rethinking Public Diplomacy. N. Snow and P. M. Taylor (ed.). Handbook of Public Diplomacy içinde. New York: Routledge, pp.3-11.Strategic Communications Division http://www.un.org/en/sections/department-public-information/department-public-information/strategic-communications/index.html Erişim Tar: 25.12.2017Sönmezoğlu, F. (2010). Uluslararası İlişkiler Sözlüğü. İstanbul: Der Yayınları.Şinik, B. (2012). Avrupa’dan Karşılaştırmalı Yerel Yönetim Örnekleri. İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi.The Edward Murrow Center of Public Diplomacy, What is Public Diplomacy? http://fletcher.tufts.edu/Murrow/Diplomacy Erişim Tar. 06.02.2014Trusteeship Council, http://www.un.org/documents/tc Erişim Tar:29.10.2017http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/culture-and-development/ (a) Erişim Tar:11.11.2017https://en.unesco.org/themes/protecting-our-heritage-and-fostering-creativity (b) Erişim Tar:23.12.2017 United Nations (2006). Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work: Dialogues at the Economic and Social Council. New York: United Nations Publications.Wallensteen, P. and Johansson, P. (2004). Security Council Decisions in Perspective. D. M. Malone (ed.). The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century içinde. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp.17-34.Warlaumont, H. G. (1988). Strategies in International Radio Wars: A Comparative Approach. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Vol 32, N 1, Winter, pp.43- 59.Yılmaz, A. (2012). Küresel Dünyada Uluslararası İlişkiler. Ankara: Kadim Yayınları.

Birleşmiş Milletler Kamu Diplomasisi ve Üçüncü Dünya

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 583 - 601, 30.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.391648

Abstract

Bu
araştırma, Birleşmiş Milletler kamu diplomasisinde Üçüncü Dünya’nın yerinin
tartışılması, UNESCO ve Kamusal İletişim Daire’sinin kamu diplomasisi
uygulamasındaki uluslararası rolünün anlaşılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma
konusunun temel yaklaşımı üç alt başlıkta incelenmektedir. İlk olarak
araştırma, Birleşmiş Milletler’in yapısını ve kamu diplomasisini anlatmakta,
sonra Birleşmiş Milletler kamu diplomasisinde Üçüncü Dünya’nın yerini örnekler
de vererek açıklamaktadır. Son alt başlıkta ise; UNESCO ve Kamusal İletişim
Dairesi’nin Birleşmiş Milletler kamu diplomasisinde nasıl kullanıldığı ortaya
koyulmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda ülkemizde
çalışması yapılmayan Birleşmiş Milletler kamu diplomasisi ve örgütün kamu
diplomasisinde Üçüncü Dünya’nın yeri ve kültürün kullanımı önemli bir araştırma
alanıdır. Tarama modeli kullanılan araştırmada literatür
analizi yapılmış ve örneklemler konusu kapsamında incelenip genel tarama
modelinde ilişkisel tarama modeli ile sonuca varılmıştır. 

References

  • Adelman, K. L. and Plattner, M. F. (1983). Third World Voting Patterns at the United Nations. W. S. Thompson (ed.). The Third World: Premises of U.S. Policy içinde. San Francisco: ICS Press, pp.139-154.Allen, L. (2017). Palestine, the Third World, and the UN as Seen from a Special Commission. K. Makdisi and V. Prashad (ed.). Land of Blue Helmets: The United Nations and the Arab World içinde. Oakland: University of California Press, pp.58-73.Allot, P. (2006). The International Court and the Voice of Justice. V. Lowe and M. Fitzmaurice (ed.). Fifty Years of the International Court of Justice içinde. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.17-39.Arnold, G. (2016). The Third World Handbook. London: Bloomsbury.Aydemir, E. (2016). Dış Politikada Yumuşak Güç ve Medya. İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınevi.Berck, J. S. (1984). International Telecommunications: Radio Marti. Harvard International Law journal, Vol. 25, Number 2, Spring, 1984, ss.483-490.Cappon, P. (2004). The Sustainability of Education: A Prerequisite for Sustaniable Human Development. UNESCO, Educating for a Sustainable Future: Commitments and Partnerships, Spain: UNESCO, pp.35-46.Center, S. (2010). Supranational Public Diplomacy: The Evolution of the UN Department of Public Information and the Rise of Third World Advocacy, K. A. Osgood and B. C. Etheridge (ed.). The United States and Public Diplomacy: New Directions in Cultural and International History içinde. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff: pp.135-164.Conforti, B. (2005). The Law and Practice of the United Nations. Third Revised Edition, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Cooper, R. (2004). Hard Power, Soft Power and the Goals of Diplomacy. D. Held and M. Koenig-Archibugi (ed.). American Power in the 21st Century içinde. London: Polity Press, pp. 167-180.Cull, N. J. (2009). Public Diplomacy: Lessons from the Past. Los Angeles: Figuerroa Press.Cull, N. J. (2010). Public Diplomacy: Seven Lessons for its Future from its Past. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Vol. 6, 1, pp.11–17.Çakmak, C. (2014). Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu: Anarşi, Küresel Yönetişim ve BM Genel Kurulu’nun Rolü. N. Doğan, C. Çakmak, H. K. Aslan (der.). Birleşmiş Milletler: BM Sistemi ve Reformu içinde. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, ss.13-33. Dağı, Z. (2007). Diplomasi: Çatışmanın ve İşbirliğinin Dili. Z. Dağı (der.). Uluslararası Politikayı Anlamak içinde. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, ss.287-353.Doğan, N. (2014). Uluslararası Adalet Divanı: Adalet Divanı’nın BM Sistemi ve Uluslararası Hukuktaki Rolü. N. Doğan, C. Çakmak, H. K. Aslan (der.). Birleşmiş Milletler: BM Sistemi ve Reformu içinde. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, ss.131-149.Eriksen, T. H. (2001). Between Universalism and Relativism: a Critique of the UNESCO Concept of Culture. J. K. Cowan, M. B. Dembour and R. A. Wilson (ed.). Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives içinde. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 127-149. General Assembly of the United Nations, http://www.un.org/en/ga/ Erişim: 28.10.2017Graham, S. E. (2006). The (Real) Politiks of Culture: U.S. Cultural Diplomacy in UNESCO, 1946-1954. Diplomatic History. Volume 30, Issue 2, 1 April 2006, pp. 231–251.Groller International Americana, Encyclopedia, Cilt III.1993.Hassler, S. (2013). Reforming the UN Security Council Membership: The Illusion of Representativeness. New York: Routledge.Hemery, J. (2005). Training for Public Diplomacy: an Evolutionary Perspective. J. Melissen (ed.). The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations içinde. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.196-209.Ivey, B. (2008). Cultural Diplomacy and The National Interest: In Search of a 21st Century Perspective. Arts Industries Policy Forum. The Curb Center at Vanderbilt University.İskit, T. (2012). Diplomasi Tarihi, Teorisi, Kurumları Ve Uygulaması. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.Kaufmann, J. (1980). United Nations: Decision Making. Maryland: Sijthoff & Noordhoff International Publishers.Khatib, L. And Dodds, K. (2009). Geopolitics, Public Diplomacy and Soft Power. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 2, pp. 5–12.Limage, L. J. (1997). “Literacy Strategies: A view from the International Literacy Year Secretariat of UNESCO”. P. Freebody and R. A. Welch (ed.). Knowledge, Culture and Power: International Perspectives on Literacy as Policy and Practice içinde. London-Washington, DC: Falmer Press, pp. 23-35.Luck, E. C. (2006). UN Security Council: Practice and Promise. London and New York: Routledge.Mark, S. (2009). A Greater Role For Cultural Diplomacy. Discussion Papers in Diplomacy, Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, April. Melissen, J. (2005). The New Public Diplomacy: Between Theory and Practice. J. Melissen (ed.). The New Public Diplomacy Soft Power in International Relations içinde. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.Mengiler, Ö. (2005). Birleşmiş Milletler Çerçevesinde Uluslararası Uyuşmazlıkların Çözümü. Ankara: Platin.Meydan Larouse Büyük Lügat ve Ansiklopedi (1992). III. Cilt, 1992News & Media Division http://www.un.org/en/sections/department-public-information/department-public-information/news-media-division/index.html Erişim Tar: 25.12.2017Nye, j. (2005). Dünya Siyasetinde Başarının Yolu Yumuşak Güç. Çev. Reyhan İnan Aydın, Ankara: Elips Kitap.Outreach Division http://www.un.org/en/sections/department-public-information/department-public-information/outreach-division/index.html Erişim Tar: 27.12.2017Peterson, M.J. (2006). The UN General Assembly. New York: Routledge.Puchala, D. J., Laatikainen, K. V. and Coate, R. A. (2016). United Nations Politics: International Organization in a Divided World. London: Routledge.Snow, N. (2009). Rethinking Public Diplomacy. N. Snow and P. M. Taylor (ed.). Handbook of Public Diplomacy içinde. New York: Routledge, pp.3-11.Strategic Communications Division http://www.un.org/en/sections/department-public-information/department-public-information/strategic-communications/index.html Erişim Tar: 25.12.2017Sönmezoğlu, F. (2010). Uluslararası İlişkiler Sözlüğü. İstanbul: Der Yayınları.Şinik, B. (2012). Avrupa’dan Karşılaştırmalı Yerel Yönetim Örnekleri. İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi.The Edward Murrow Center of Public Diplomacy, What is Public Diplomacy? http://fletcher.tufts.edu/Murrow/Diplomacy Erişim Tar. 06.02.2014Trusteeship Council, http://www.un.org/documents/tc Erişim Tar:29.10.2017http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/culture-and-development/ (a) Erişim Tar:11.11.2017https://en.unesco.org/themes/protecting-our-heritage-and-fostering-creativity (b) Erişim Tar:23.12.2017 United Nations (2006). Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work: Dialogues at the Economic and Social Council. New York: United Nations Publications.Wallensteen, P. and Johansson, P. (2004). Security Council Decisions in Perspective. D. M. Malone (ed.). The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century içinde. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp.17-34.Warlaumont, H. G. (1988). Strategies in International Radio Wars: A Comparative Approach. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Vol 32, N 1, Winter, pp.43- 59.Yılmaz, A. (2012). Küresel Dünyada Uluslararası İlişkiler. Ankara: Kadim Yayınları.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emrah Aydemir 0000-0002-3770-0444

Publication Date June 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aydemir, E. (2018). Birleşmiş Milletler Kamu Diplomasisi ve Üçüncü Dünya. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 583-601. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.391648

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