Is Rural Out Migration Constructive for Sustainable Development? A Case of Mountain Community of Kıbrıscık, Turkey
Abstract
This paper investigates
the relationship between environmental degradation and out migration in
mountainous area of Kibriscik district, Bolu Province, Turkey. Primary data was
collected through personal observations and in-depth interviews with residents
of different age groups and representatives of civil society organizations. Furthermore,
secondary data was collected from Turkish Directorate General of Forest,
Turkish statistical Institute and District Agriculture Office, Kibriscik.
Results revealed that population of the research area have decreased
significantly in recent years due to lack of employment opportunities in the
area. Out migration has proved beneficial in terms of environmental stability.
On the other hand, decreased number of young people resulted in abundance of
economically inactive older ones. As a result, serious decrease in livestock
and agricultural activity is observed in the area. Similar situations in most
of mountainous areas of Turkey has affected the country`s overall demand of
dairy products.
Keywords
Environmental conservation population dynamics sustainable development mountainous areas Turkey
References
- Grau, H. R. and Aide, T. M. 2007. Are rural–urban migration and sustainable development compatible in mountain systems? Mountain Research & Development, 27(2): 119–123.
- Karakus, K. 2011. Turkiye’nin Canli Hayvan ve Kirmizi Et Ithaline Genel Bir Bakıs. Igdir. Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech. 1(1): 75-79.
- Kibriscik Kaymakamligi Resmi Websitesi: http://www.kibriscik.gov.tr/ Accessed Jul. 2011
- Price, M.F., and Jansky,L. 2004. Key Issues for Mountain Areas. United Nation University Press. USA.
- Qi, L., Chunyue, Y., and Juan, L. 2008. Rural-urban Migration Rural Household Income and Sustainable Development in Rural Areas of China. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment 6 No.2.
- Qin, H. 2010. Rural-to-Urban Labor Migration, Household Livelihoods, and the Rural Environment in Chongqing Municipality. Southwest China. Human Ecology. 38. 675–690.
- Robson, J.P., and Nayak, P.K. 2010. Rural out-migration and resource-dependent communities in Mexico and India. Population and Environment. 32:263–284.
- Sahin, C .1990. Aladag Cayi Havzasi’nda Cevre Kosulları ve Bunlarla Ilgili Bozulmus Dogal Dengenin Yeniden Kurulmasına İliskin Sorunlar ve Cozum Yollari, Ataturk Kultur, Dil ve Tarih Yuksek Kurumu, Cografya Dizisi Sayi:1. Ankara.
- Schoch, N., Seimann, B., and Thieme, S. 2010. Migration and animal husbandry: Competing or complementary livelihood strategies. Evidence from Kyrgyzstan. Natural Resources Forum. No: 34: 211-221.
- Turkiye Istatistik Kurumu, www.tuik.gov.tr. Accessed Jul. 2011.
- Somuncu, M. 2011. Sustainable Development in the Eastern Black Sea Mountains: Present State and Perspectives, pages 215-225 in Sustainable Development in Mountain Regions: Southeastern Europe, ISBN: 978-94-007-0130-4
- United Nations, (1992), Agenda 21: Chapter 13: Managing fragile ecosystems: Sustainable mountain development, UN Doc. A/CONF. 151/26 (Vol. II), 13 August. Washington D.C.:
- WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development). 1987. Our common future. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
Kırsal Alanlaından Dışarı Göç Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma İçin Değerli mı? Kıbrıscık Dağ Topluluğu Örneği, Türkiye
Abstract
Bu makale, Türkiye'nin Bolu İli, Kırıkçık ilçesinin dağlık bölgesindeki
çevresel bozulma ve dışarı göç arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Birincil
veriler kişisel gözlemler ve farklı yaş gruplarının sakinleri ve sivil toplum
örgütlerinin temsilcileri ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yoluyla toplandı. Ayrıca,
Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu ve İlçe Tarım Ofisi,
Kıbrıscık'tan ikincil veriler toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, bölgedeki istihdam
imkânlarının bulunmamasından dolayı araştırma alanı nüfusunun son yıllarda
önemli ölçüde azaldığını ortaya koydu. Dışarı göç, çevre istikrarı açısından
faydalı oldu. Öte yandan, genç nüfus sayısının azalması, ekonomik olarak aktif
olmayan yaşlıların bolluğu ile sonuçlandı. Sonuç olarak, bölgede hayvancılık ve
tarımsal faaliyetlerde ciddi bir düşüş gözlenmektedir. Türkiye'nin dağlık
bölgelerinin çoğundaki benzer durumlar, ülkenin genel süt ürünleri talebini
etkilemiştir.
References
- Grau, H. R. and Aide, T. M. 2007. Are rural–urban migration and sustainable development compatible in mountain systems? Mountain Research & Development, 27(2): 119–123.
- Karakus, K. 2011. Turkiye’nin Canli Hayvan ve Kirmizi Et Ithaline Genel Bir Bakıs. Igdir. Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech. 1(1): 75-79.
- Kibriscik Kaymakamligi Resmi Websitesi: http://www.kibriscik.gov.tr/ Accessed Jul. 2011
- Price, M.F., and Jansky,L. 2004. Key Issues for Mountain Areas. United Nation University Press. USA.
- Qi, L., Chunyue, Y., and Juan, L. 2008. Rural-urban Migration Rural Household Income and Sustainable Development in Rural Areas of China. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment 6 No.2.
- Qin, H. 2010. Rural-to-Urban Labor Migration, Household Livelihoods, and the Rural Environment in Chongqing Municipality. Southwest China. Human Ecology. 38. 675–690.
- Robson, J.P., and Nayak, P.K. 2010. Rural out-migration and resource-dependent communities in Mexico and India. Population and Environment. 32:263–284.
- Sahin, C .1990. Aladag Cayi Havzasi’nda Cevre Kosulları ve Bunlarla Ilgili Bozulmus Dogal Dengenin Yeniden Kurulmasına İliskin Sorunlar ve Cozum Yollari, Ataturk Kultur, Dil ve Tarih Yuksek Kurumu, Cografya Dizisi Sayi:1. Ankara.
- Schoch, N., Seimann, B., and Thieme, S. 2010. Migration and animal husbandry: Competing or complementary livelihood strategies. Evidence from Kyrgyzstan. Natural Resources Forum. No: 34: 211-221.
- Turkiye Istatistik Kurumu, www.tuik.gov.tr. Accessed Jul. 2011.
- Somuncu, M. 2011. Sustainable Development in the Eastern Black Sea Mountains: Present State and Perspectives, pages 215-225 in Sustainable Development in Mountain Regions: Southeastern Europe, ISBN: 978-94-007-0130-4
- United Nations, (1992), Agenda 21: Chapter 13: Managing fragile ecosystems: Sustainable mountain development, UN Doc. A/CONF. 151/26 (Vol. II), 13 August. Washington D.C.:
- WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development). 1987. Our common future. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 4 |
