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Mikrokirleticiler: Tanım, Mevzuat ve Ülkemizde Atıksularda ve Yerüstü Sularında Mevcudiyetleri

Year 2022, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 133 - 144, 30.11.2022

Abstract

Mikrokirleticiler, sularda bulundukları düşük konsantrasyonlarda bile neden oldukları olumsuz etkilere bağlı olarak tanımlanmış olan ve ilaçlar, endokrin bozucu maddeler, pestisitler ve kişisel bakım ürünleri gibi çeşitli gruplardan kimyasalları içeren bir kirletici grubudur. Dünyada ve ülkemizdeki çalışmalar ve yönetmeliklerde, “yeni kirleticiler”, “tehlikeli maddeler”, “öncelikli kirleticiler”, “öncelikli maddeler” ve “belirli kirleticiler” gibi farklı isimler ile anılan mikrokirleticiler hakkındaki uluslararası çalışmalar, mikrokirleticilerin kullanım miktarına bağlı olarak atıksularda ve yerüstü sularında bulunmakta olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu makalede, ülkemizde mikrokirleticiler için gerçekleştirilmiş ölçümler derlenerek, atıksularda ve yerüstü sularındaki konsantrasyonlar detaylı bir şekilde sunulmuştur. Kullanım amacına göre atıksu gibi noktasal kaynaklardan ya da tarımsal geri dönüş suyu gibi yayılı kaynaklardan yerüstü sularına karışabilen mikrokirleticilerin kontrolü için iki faktör öne çıkmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki, bu maddelerin ölçümlerinin güvenilebilir bir şekilde yapılabilmesi ve gerekiyorsa kimyasal ölçümlerin, mikrokirleticilerin birarada bulundukları durumda oluşturacakları etkiyi de tanımlamak amacıyla, ekotoksikolojik deneylerle desteklenmesidir. Mikrokirleticilerin kontrolü için önemli ikinci faktör ise, hem çevresel kalite hem de deşarj standartları için yönetmeliklerde doğru tanımlanmalarıdır. Mevcut durumda hem AB’de hem de AB uyum sürecinde ülkemizde yayınlanmış yönetmeliklerde, yerüstü sularının iyi kimyasal durum olarak nitelendirilmesi “öncelikli maddeler” ve “belirli kirleticiler” olarak tanımlanmış ve listelenmiş mikrokirleticilerin çevresel kalite standartlarını aşmamasına bağlıdır. Ancak, bu iki tanımlama ile listelenen mikrokirleticinin yerüstü sularına karışmasını engellemek üzere belirlenmiş bir deşarj standardı mevcut değildir. Ülkemizdeki su miktarı ve kalitesinin korunmasının yanı sıra gelecekte atıksuların tekrar kullanılması uygulamalarının artması da beklendiğinden mikrokirleticilerin giderimi ve geliştirilecek deşarj standartlarına uygunluğunun sağlanması önemlidir.

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Year 2022, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 133 - 144, 30.11.2022

Abstract

References

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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Serdar Doğruel 0000-0003-4214-8436

Melike Gürel 0000-0002-2130-2062

Elif Pehlivanoglu-mantas 0000-0003-1335-365X

Publication Date November 30, 2022
Submission Date July 8, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Doğruel, S., Gürel, M., & Pehlivanoglu-mantas, E. (2022). Mikrokirleticiler: Tanım, Mevzuat ve Ülkemizde Atıksularda ve Yerüstü Sularında Mevcudiyetleri. Çevre İklim Ve Sürdürülebilirlik, 23(2), 133-144.