Arıtılmış Atıksuların Çevresel Akış için İkame Amaçlı Kullanımı: Tampon Bölge olarak Yapay Sulak Alanların Rolü

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 15 - 22, 09.07.2024

Mahmut Ekrem Karpuzcu , Fatma Nihan Doğan , İzzet Öztürk

Abstract

Uzun süren kuraklıklar, artan nüfus, iklim değişikliğinin muhtemel etkileri nedeniyle özellikle son yıllarda arıtılmış atıksuların çevresel akışı ikame amaçlı kullanımı önem kazanmıştır. Bu etkenler tüm dünyada akarsuların kalitesi ve miktarını artırmaya yönelik tedbirleri zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Atıksuların zirai ve peyzaj sulama amaçlı kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmakla birlikte nehir ekosistemlerinde çevresel akış veya ekolojik ihtiyaç debisi olarak atıksuyun yeniden kullanımına dair örnekler de artmaktadır. Arıtılmış atıksuların yeniden kullanımı konusunda dikkat edilmesi gerekli en önemli iki husus atıksuyun nehir ekosistemini tehdit eden kirleticilerden arındırılmış olması ve nehrin doğal habitatının korunmasıdır. Bu amaçla, yapay sulak alanlar iyi bir nihai arıtım seçeneği olmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile arıtılmış atıksuların akarsulara deşarjının güvenli bir şekilde yapılabilmesi için deşarj öncesi bir tampon arıtma bölgesi olarak yapay sulak alanların etkinliği incelenmiştir. Saha çalışmaları, yapay sulak alanların kalıcı organik madde gideriminde etkinliğini göstermektedir. Nehir ekosistemlerinde bulunması muhtemel endokrin bozucular, pestisitler, mikro-plastikler gibi öncelikli kirleticilerle ilgili çalışmaların daha yaygınlaşması gerekmektedir. Önümüzdeki 50 ila 100 yıl boyunca, nüfus artışı, ekonomik kalkınma ve iklim değişikliğinin akarsuları özellikle kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde daha da fazla baskı altına alacağı düşünüldüğünde, arıtılmış atıksuların çevresel akışı ikame amaçlı kullanılmasının kaçınılmaz hale geleceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Çevresel akış, ekolojik ihtiyaç debisi, yapay sulak alanlar, atıksu geri kazanımı, kalıcı organik kirleticiler

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