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Niksar’dan Bizans Dönemine ait Keramoplastik ve Çini Örnekleri

Year 2019, Issue: 12, 193 - 204, 31.07.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışmada,
Niksar’dan Bizans dönemine ait yeni birtakım buluntuların tanıtılması
amaçlanmıştır. Niksar çevresinde bulunan ve günümüzde Yağıbasan Medresesi
içinde oluşturulan vitrinlerde sergilenen birkaç parça dikkat çekicidir.
Bunlardan biri dört yapraklı yonca biçimli keramoplastik süslemelerdir. Bizans
mimarinde cephe süslemesinde kullanılan bu bezemelerin benzer örnekleri
Balkanlarda, başkent Konstantinopolis’de ve Batı Anadolu’da görülmektedir.   



Yağıbasan Medresesi’nde sergilenen dikkat çekici diğer
veriler ise Bizans dönemine ait çini parçalarıdır. Bizans dönemine ait
çinilerden az örnek bilinmektedir. Bilinen örneklerin çoğunluğu Bulgaristan
Preslav, Konstantinopolis ve Bithynia’dandır. Niksar’da Bizans dönemine ait
çini örneklerine rastlanması oldukça dikkat çekici bir husus olup,
araştırılması gerekli bir konudur.  

References

  • A Lost Art Rediscovered: The Architectural Ceramics of Byzantium, Ed. S.E.J. Gerstel, J.A. Lauffenburger, Baltimore 2001.
  • BUCHWALD, Hans, “Sardis Church E– A Preliminary Report”, Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, Vol. 26, 1977, s. 265-299.
  • BUCHWALD, Hans, “Lascarid Architecture”, Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, Vol. 28, 1979, s. 261-296.
  • BUCHWALD, Hans, Churches EA and E at Sardis, Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Reports 6, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2015.
  • COCHE De La FERTÉ, Étienne, “Décors en Céramique Byzantine au Musée du Louvre”, Cahiers Archéologiques, Vol. 9, Paris 1957, s. 187-217.
  • DURAND, Jannic, “Plaques de Ćeramique Byzantine des Collections Publiques Françaises”, Materials Analysis of Byzantine Pottery, Washington 1997, s. 25-50.
  • ERCİYAS, Burcu; SÖKMEN, Emine, “An Overview of Byzantine Period Settlements Around Comana Pontica in North-central Turkey”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, Vol. 34 /2, 2010, s. 119-141.
  • ERCİYAS, D. Burcu; TATBUL, Mustafa N., “Anadolu’da Ortaçağ Kazıları ve Komana”, Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, C. 37/2, Ankara 2016, s. 611-626.
  • ERCİYAS, D. Burcu; TATBUL, M. N.; SÖKMEN, E.; KOCABIYIK, C.; SÜNNETÇİ, R., “Komana’da 2009-2014 Yılları Arasında Yapılan Kazı Çalışmalarının Ön Değerlendirmesi”, Komana Ortaçağ Yerleşimi, Yerleşim Arkeolojisi Serisi 5, İstanbul 2015, s. 21-61.
  • EREZ, S.; MARÇELLİ, A.A., Tokat Seramikleri, İstanbul 2013.
  • ETTINGHAUSEN, E.S., “Byzantine Tiles from the Basilica in the Topkapu Sarayı and Saint John of Studios”, Cahiers Archéologiques, Vol. 7, 1954, s. 79-88.
  • EYİCE, Semavi, “Contributions à l'histoire de l'art Byzantin: Quatre Édifices Inédits ou Mal Connus”, Cahiers Archéologiques, Vol. 10, 1959, s. 245-258.
  • EYİCE, Semavi, “Bizans Mimarisinde Dış Cephelerde Kullanılan Bazı Keramoplastik Süsler (Süs Çömlekleri)”, Ayasofya Müzesi Yıllığı, S. 3, 1961, s. 25-28.
  • FILOW, B, Geschichte der Altbulgarischen Kunst, Berlin-Leipzig 1932.
  • GERSTEL, S.E.J., “New ‘Tiles of Nicomedia’ and Architectural Polychromy in Medieval Byzantium”, Anathemata Eortika: Studies in Honor of Thomas F. Mathews, Mainz 2009, s.173-180.
  • GERSTEL, S.E.J., “The Nikomedia Workshop: New Evidence on Byzantine Tiles”, The Journal of the Walters Art Museum, Vol.66/67 (2008-9), 2011, s. 5-53.
  • GERSTEL, S.E.J., “Tiles of Nicomedia and The Cult of Saint Panteleimon”, Byzantine Religious Culture, Studies in Honor of Alice-Mary Talbot, Leiden 2012, s. 173-186.
  • GRABAR, Andre, Recherches sur les Influences Orientales Dans l’art Balkanique, Paris 1928.
  • MANGO, Cyril, The Art of the Byzantine Empire 312-1453 Sources and Documents, New Jersey 1972.
  • MASON, R. B.; MUNDELL MANGO, M., “Glazed ‘Tiles of Nicomedia’ in Bithynia, Constantinople, and Elsewhere”, Constantinople and its Hinterland, Paper from the Twenty-seventh Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, 1995 Aldershot, s. 313-331.
  • MIATEV, K., Die Keramik von Preslav, Sofya 1936.
  • MILLET, Gabriel, L’École Grecque Dans l’architecture Byzantine, Paris 1916.
  • NIEWÖHNER, Philipp, “Saint Benoît in Galata. Der Byzantinische Ursprungsbau”, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Vol. 125 (2010), 2011, s. 155-241.
  • ÖTÜKEN, Yıldız, “İstanbul Son Devir Bizans Mimarisinde Cephe Süslemeleri”, Vakıflar Dergisi, S.12, 1978, s. 213-233.
  • RACHENOV, A., Églises de Mésemvria, Sofya 1932.
  • RICE, D.T., Byzantine Glazed Pottery, Oxford 1930.
  • RICE, D.T. “Byzantine Polychrome Pottery, A Survey of Recent Discoveries”, Cahiers Archéologiques, Vol.7, 1954, s. 69-77.
  • RICE, D. T., “The Pottery of Byzantium and the Islam Word”, Studies in Islamic Art and Architecture in Honour of Professor K.A.C. Creswell, London - Beccles 1965, s. 194-236.
  • TOTEV, T., “L’atelier de Céramique Peinte du Monastère Royal de Preslav”, Cahiers Archéologiques, Vol. 35, 1987, s. 65-80.
  • TRKULJA, Jelena, Aesthetics and Symbolism of Late Byzantine Church Façades, 1204-1453, Princeton Univertity, Ph.D. Dissertation, Princeton 2004.
  • VERDIER, Philippe, “Tiles of Nicomedia”, Harvard Ukrainian Studies, Okeanos: Essays presented to Ihor Ševčenko on his Sixtieth Birthday by his Colleagues and Students, Vol. 7, 1983, s. 632-638.
  • VOGT, C.; BOUQUILLON, A.; DUBUS, M.; QUERRÉ, G., “Glazed Wall Tiles of Constantinople: Physical and Chemical Characterization, Manufacturing, and Decorative Process”, Materials Analysis of Byzantine Pottery, Washington 1997, s. 51-65.
  • VORDERSTRASSE, Tasha, “Experiencing the Medieval Churches of Komana”, Komana Small Finds, Yerleşim Arkeolojisi Serisi 7, İstanbul tarihsiz, s. 47-76.
  • YASHAEVA, Tatyana v.d., The Legacy of Byzantine Cherson, Sevastopol 2011.
  • ZIMMERMANN, M., Alte Bauten in Bulgarien, Berlin tarihsiz.

Examples of Byzantine Ceramoplastic and Polychrome Tile Recently Found at Niksar

Year 2019, Issue: 12, 193 - 204, 31.07.2019

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to introduce the new findings
from Niksar dated to the Byzantine period. A small number of striking pieces
found in the vicinity of Niksar are currently exhibited in the Yagıbasan
Madrasah. Among these are quatrefoil ceramoplastic decorations. These
decorations were used to adorn building façades in Byzantine architecture.
Their analogs are seen in the Balkans, Constantinopolis (capital of the
Byzantine Empire), and Western Anatolia.



The other remarkable pieces are tiles from the
Byzantine period. Such examples of Byzantine polychrome tiles are rarely seen
and these examples are from Preslav, Constantinopolis and Bithynia. The
presence of the tiles from the Byzantine period in Niksar is an interesting
issue that requires further research.

References

  • A Lost Art Rediscovered: The Architectural Ceramics of Byzantium, Ed. S.E.J. Gerstel, J.A. Lauffenburger, Baltimore 2001.
  • BUCHWALD, Hans, “Sardis Church E– A Preliminary Report”, Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, Vol. 26, 1977, s. 265-299.
  • BUCHWALD, Hans, “Lascarid Architecture”, Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, Vol. 28, 1979, s. 261-296.
  • BUCHWALD, Hans, Churches EA and E at Sardis, Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Reports 6, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2015.
  • COCHE De La FERTÉ, Étienne, “Décors en Céramique Byzantine au Musée du Louvre”, Cahiers Archéologiques, Vol. 9, Paris 1957, s. 187-217.
  • DURAND, Jannic, “Plaques de Ćeramique Byzantine des Collections Publiques Françaises”, Materials Analysis of Byzantine Pottery, Washington 1997, s. 25-50.
  • ERCİYAS, Burcu; SÖKMEN, Emine, “An Overview of Byzantine Period Settlements Around Comana Pontica in North-central Turkey”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, Vol. 34 /2, 2010, s. 119-141.
  • ERCİYAS, D. Burcu; TATBUL, Mustafa N., “Anadolu’da Ortaçağ Kazıları ve Komana”, Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, C. 37/2, Ankara 2016, s. 611-626.
  • ERCİYAS, D. Burcu; TATBUL, M. N.; SÖKMEN, E.; KOCABIYIK, C.; SÜNNETÇİ, R., “Komana’da 2009-2014 Yılları Arasında Yapılan Kazı Çalışmalarının Ön Değerlendirmesi”, Komana Ortaçağ Yerleşimi, Yerleşim Arkeolojisi Serisi 5, İstanbul 2015, s. 21-61.
  • EREZ, S.; MARÇELLİ, A.A., Tokat Seramikleri, İstanbul 2013.
  • ETTINGHAUSEN, E.S., “Byzantine Tiles from the Basilica in the Topkapu Sarayı and Saint John of Studios”, Cahiers Archéologiques, Vol. 7, 1954, s. 79-88.
  • EYİCE, Semavi, “Contributions à l'histoire de l'art Byzantin: Quatre Édifices Inédits ou Mal Connus”, Cahiers Archéologiques, Vol. 10, 1959, s. 245-258.
  • EYİCE, Semavi, “Bizans Mimarisinde Dış Cephelerde Kullanılan Bazı Keramoplastik Süsler (Süs Çömlekleri)”, Ayasofya Müzesi Yıllığı, S. 3, 1961, s. 25-28.
  • FILOW, B, Geschichte der Altbulgarischen Kunst, Berlin-Leipzig 1932.
  • GERSTEL, S.E.J., “New ‘Tiles of Nicomedia’ and Architectural Polychromy in Medieval Byzantium”, Anathemata Eortika: Studies in Honor of Thomas F. Mathews, Mainz 2009, s.173-180.
  • GERSTEL, S.E.J., “The Nikomedia Workshop: New Evidence on Byzantine Tiles”, The Journal of the Walters Art Museum, Vol.66/67 (2008-9), 2011, s. 5-53.
  • GERSTEL, S.E.J., “Tiles of Nicomedia and The Cult of Saint Panteleimon”, Byzantine Religious Culture, Studies in Honor of Alice-Mary Talbot, Leiden 2012, s. 173-186.
  • GRABAR, Andre, Recherches sur les Influences Orientales Dans l’art Balkanique, Paris 1928.
  • MANGO, Cyril, The Art of the Byzantine Empire 312-1453 Sources and Documents, New Jersey 1972.
  • MASON, R. B.; MUNDELL MANGO, M., “Glazed ‘Tiles of Nicomedia’ in Bithynia, Constantinople, and Elsewhere”, Constantinople and its Hinterland, Paper from the Twenty-seventh Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, 1995 Aldershot, s. 313-331.
  • MIATEV, K., Die Keramik von Preslav, Sofya 1936.
  • MILLET, Gabriel, L’École Grecque Dans l’architecture Byzantine, Paris 1916.
  • NIEWÖHNER, Philipp, “Saint Benoît in Galata. Der Byzantinische Ursprungsbau”, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Vol. 125 (2010), 2011, s. 155-241.
  • ÖTÜKEN, Yıldız, “İstanbul Son Devir Bizans Mimarisinde Cephe Süslemeleri”, Vakıflar Dergisi, S.12, 1978, s. 213-233.
  • RACHENOV, A., Églises de Mésemvria, Sofya 1932.
  • RICE, D.T., Byzantine Glazed Pottery, Oxford 1930.
  • RICE, D.T. “Byzantine Polychrome Pottery, A Survey of Recent Discoveries”, Cahiers Archéologiques, Vol.7, 1954, s. 69-77.
  • RICE, D. T., “The Pottery of Byzantium and the Islam Word”, Studies in Islamic Art and Architecture in Honour of Professor K.A.C. Creswell, London - Beccles 1965, s. 194-236.
  • TOTEV, T., “L’atelier de Céramique Peinte du Monastère Royal de Preslav”, Cahiers Archéologiques, Vol. 35, 1987, s. 65-80.
  • TRKULJA, Jelena, Aesthetics and Symbolism of Late Byzantine Church Façades, 1204-1453, Princeton Univertity, Ph.D. Dissertation, Princeton 2004.
  • VERDIER, Philippe, “Tiles of Nicomedia”, Harvard Ukrainian Studies, Okeanos: Essays presented to Ihor Ševčenko on his Sixtieth Birthday by his Colleagues and Students, Vol. 7, 1983, s. 632-638.
  • VOGT, C.; BOUQUILLON, A.; DUBUS, M.; QUERRÉ, G., “Glazed Wall Tiles of Constantinople: Physical and Chemical Characterization, Manufacturing, and Decorative Process”, Materials Analysis of Byzantine Pottery, Washington 1997, s. 51-65.
  • VORDERSTRASSE, Tasha, “Experiencing the Medieval Churches of Komana”, Komana Small Finds, Yerleşim Arkeolojisi Serisi 7, İstanbul tarihsiz, s. 47-76.
  • YASHAEVA, Tatyana v.d., The Legacy of Byzantine Cherson, Sevastopol 2011.
  • ZIMMERMANN, M., Alte Bauten in Bulgarien, Berlin tarihsiz.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section MAKALELER/ARTICLES
Authors

Ü. Melda Ermiş 0000-0003-0176-2309

Publication Date July 31, 2019
Submission Date May 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 12

Cite

Chicago Ermiş, Ü. Melda. “Niksar’dan Bizans Dönemine Ait Keramoplastik Ve Çini Örnekleri”. Art - Sanat, no. 12 (July 2019): 193-204.