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Marmara Denizi Akarsu Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizi

Year 2018, Issue: 36, 63 - 84, 22.06.2018

Abstract

Latince Şekil Bilimi anlamına gelen morfometrinin jeomorfoloji uygulamalarında kullanılan alt dalına jeomorfometri denmektedir. Jeomorfometri akarsu havzalarının sediman ve taşkın üretme potansiyellerini ortaya koyma ve yapının havza gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini gözlemleme konusunda kullanılan bir araçtır. Ülkemizde akarsu jeomorfolojisi çalışmaları genellikle nitel bilgi üzerine kuruludur. Az sayıdaki akarsu jeomorfometrisi çalışmaları ise tek bir havzayı veya birkaç alt havzayı kapsayan çalışmalardır. Bu durum ülkemiz akarsu havzaları hakkında genel morfometrik bilgilerin kısıtlı olmasına neden olmaktadır. Çalışma, ülkemizdeki bölgesel morfometri çalışmalarına başlangıç niteliğinde olup Marmara Denizi akarsu havzalarının morfometrik envanterini ortaya koyma amacını taşımaktadır. Çalışmada 10 metre çözünürlüklü SYM altlık olarak kullanılarak Marmara Denizi akarsu havzaları belirlenmiş, belirlenen havzalarda çatallanma oranı (Rb), yüzeysel akış uzunluğu (lo), tekstür oranı (T), drenaj yoğunluğu (Dd), akarsu sıklığı (Fs), Gravelius indeksi (Kg), havza rölyefi (Bh), engebelilik değeri (Rn), hipsometrik eğri ve hipsometrik integral (Hi) hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Marmara Denizi’nin kuzeyinde yer alan havzaların güney havzalarına kıyasla daha kısa boylu, uzunlamasına, düşük drenaj yoğunluğuna ve yüksek hipsometrik integral değerine sahip, tektonik olarak daha genç havzalar olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

References

  • BAUMGARDNER, R.: 1987, Morphometric studies of subhumid and semiarid drainage basin, Texas Panhandle and Northeastern New Mexico. The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology Rep. Invest., 66.
  • CHORLEY, R. J.: 1957, Climate and Morphometry. The Journal of Geology. http://doi.org/10.1086/626468
  • GÜNGÖRDÜ, M., 1999, Marmara Bölgesi’nin Bitki Coğrafyası. İstanbul: İ.Ü. Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • HORTON, R. E.: 1932, Drainage Basin Characteristics. American Geophysics Union, 350–361.
  • HORTON, R. E.: 1945, Erosional Development of Streams and Their Drainage Basins; Hydrophysical Approach to Quantitative Morphology. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 56, 275–330.
  • KELLER, E. A. VE PINTER, N.: 1996, Active Tectonics: Earthquakes, Uplift and Landscape.
  • KOÇ, T.: 1999, Kuzeybatı Anadolu’nun Doğal Mevsim Özellikleri. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 34, 527–548.
  • OBI REDDY, G. P., MAJI, A. K. VE GAJBHIYE, K. S.: 2004, Drainage morphometry and its influence on landform characteristics in a basaltic terrain, Central India - A remote sensing and GIS approach. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 6, 1–16. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2004.06.003
  • ÖZDEMİR, H.: 2007, Havran Çayı Havzasının (Balıkesir) CBS ve Uzaktan Algılama Yöntemleriyle Taşkın ve Heyelan Risk Analizi. İstanbul.
  • OZDEMIR, H., BIRD, D.: 2009, Evaluation of morphometric parameters of drainage networks derived from topographic maps and SYM in point of floods. Environmental Geology, 56, 1405–1415. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1235-y
  • ÖZDEMİR, H.: 2011, Havza Morfometrisi ve Taşkınlar. Fiziki Coğrafya Araştırmaları: Sistematik ve Bölgesel, Editör: Deniz Ekinci, (ss. 507–526). İstanbul: Babil.
  • PATTON, P. C., BAKER, V. R.: 1976, Morphometry and floods in small drainage basins subject to diverse hydrogeomorphic controls. Water Resources Research, 12(5), 941. http://doi.org/10.1029/WR012i005p00941
  • PIKE, R.: 2000, Geomorphometry — diversity in quantitative surface analysis. Progress in Physical Geography, 24, 1-20.
  • PIKE, R., EVANS, I., HENGL, T.: 2009, Geomorphometry: A Brief Guide. Geomorphometry: Concepts, Software, Applications (s. 3-30), Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • REKHA, V. B., GEORGE, A. V., RITA, M.: 2011, Morphometric Analysis and Micro-watershed Prioritization of Peruvanthanam Sub-watershed, the Manimala River Basin, Kerala, South India. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 57(3), 6–14.
  • SINGH, O., SARANGI, A., SHARMA, M. C.: 2008, Hypsometric integral estimation methods and its relevance on erosion status of North-Western Lesser Himalayan watersheds. Water Resources Management, 22(11), 1545–1560. doi:10.1007/s11269-008-9242-z
  • STRAHLER, A.:1952, Dynamic basis of geomorphology. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 63, 923–938.
  • ŞENGÖR, A. M. C. VE KETİN, İ.: 1989, Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan Region. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Morphometric Analysis of the Marmara Sea River Basins

Year 2018, Issue: 36, 63 - 84, 22.06.2018

Abstract

Geomorphometry, the science of land-surface analysis, is widely used in geomorphology studies to understand the sediment- and flood-producing potentials of river basins. In Turkey, fluvial geomorphology studies are generally based on qualitative information, and there have been a few geomorphometry studies regarding a single river basin or several sub-basins. In general, however, there is limited morphometric information about river basins in Turkey. This study represents the first regional geomorphometry study in Turkey, and our objective is to understand the morphometric characteristics of the Marmara Sea river basins. For this purpose, we divided the Marmara Sea basin into 632 sub-basins and identified morphometric parameters for analysis. Then, we determined the bifurcation ratio (Rb), length of overland flow (lo), drainage density (Dd), texture ratio (T), stream frequency (FS), Gravelius index (Kg), basin relief (BH), ruggedness number (Rn), hypsometric curve (Hc), and hypsometric integral (Hi) of the basins. Based on topographic maps, we produced a 10-m resolution digital elevation model with whichto define the parameters. Our study results reveal that basins located north of the Marmara Sea are tectonically younger, shallower, and longer in length, with lower drainage densities and higher hypsometric integral values than the southern basins.

References

  • BAUMGARDNER, R.: 1987, Morphometric studies of subhumid and semiarid drainage basin, Texas Panhandle and Northeastern New Mexico. The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology Rep. Invest., 66.
  • CHORLEY, R. J.: 1957, Climate and Morphometry. The Journal of Geology. http://doi.org/10.1086/626468
  • GÜNGÖRDÜ, M., 1999, Marmara Bölgesi’nin Bitki Coğrafyası. İstanbul: İ.Ü. Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • HORTON, R. E.: 1932, Drainage Basin Characteristics. American Geophysics Union, 350–361.
  • HORTON, R. E.: 1945, Erosional Development of Streams and Their Drainage Basins; Hydrophysical Approach to Quantitative Morphology. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 56, 275–330.
  • KELLER, E. A. VE PINTER, N.: 1996, Active Tectonics: Earthquakes, Uplift and Landscape.
  • KOÇ, T.: 1999, Kuzeybatı Anadolu’nun Doğal Mevsim Özellikleri. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 34, 527–548.
  • OBI REDDY, G. P., MAJI, A. K. VE GAJBHIYE, K. S.: 2004, Drainage morphometry and its influence on landform characteristics in a basaltic terrain, Central India - A remote sensing and GIS approach. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 6, 1–16. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2004.06.003
  • ÖZDEMİR, H.: 2007, Havran Çayı Havzasının (Balıkesir) CBS ve Uzaktan Algılama Yöntemleriyle Taşkın ve Heyelan Risk Analizi. İstanbul.
  • OZDEMIR, H., BIRD, D.: 2009, Evaluation of morphometric parameters of drainage networks derived from topographic maps and SYM in point of floods. Environmental Geology, 56, 1405–1415. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1235-y
  • ÖZDEMİR, H.: 2011, Havza Morfometrisi ve Taşkınlar. Fiziki Coğrafya Araştırmaları: Sistematik ve Bölgesel, Editör: Deniz Ekinci, (ss. 507–526). İstanbul: Babil.
  • PATTON, P. C., BAKER, V. R.: 1976, Morphometry and floods in small drainage basins subject to diverse hydrogeomorphic controls. Water Resources Research, 12(5), 941. http://doi.org/10.1029/WR012i005p00941
  • PIKE, R.: 2000, Geomorphometry — diversity in quantitative surface analysis. Progress in Physical Geography, 24, 1-20.
  • PIKE, R., EVANS, I., HENGL, T.: 2009, Geomorphometry: A Brief Guide. Geomorphometry: Concepts, Software, Applications (s. 3-30), Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • REKHA, V. B., GEORGE, A. V., RITA, M.: 2011, Morphometric Analysis and Micro-watershed Prioritization of Peruvanthanam Sub-watershed, the Manimala River Basin, Kerala, South India. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 57(3), 6–14.
  • SINGH, O., SARANGI, A., SHARMA, M. C.: 2008, Hypsometric integral estimation methods and its relevance on erosion status of North-Western Lesser Himalayan watersheds. Water Resources Management, 22(11), 1545–1560. doi:10.1007/s11269-008-9242-z
  • STRAHLER, A.:1952, Dynamic basis of geomorphology. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 63, 923–938.
  • ŞENGÖR, A. M. C. VE KETİN, İ.: 1989, Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan Region. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emre Elbaşı 0000-0001-5111-0435

Hasan Özdemir 0000-0001-8885-9298

Publication Date June 22, 2018
Submission Date April 26, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 36

Cite

APA Elbaşı, E., & Özdemir, H. (2018). Marmara Denizi Akarsu Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizi. Journal of Geography(36), 63-84.
AMA Elbaşı E, Özdemir H. Marmara Denizi Akarsu Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizi. Journal of Geography. June 2018;(36):63-84.
Chicago Elbaşı, Emre, and Hasan Özdemir. “Marmara Denizi Akarsu Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizi”. Journal of Geography, no. 36 (June 2018): 63-84.
EndNote Elbaşı E, Özdemir H (June 1, 2018) Marmara Denizi Akarsu Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizi. Journal of Geography 36 63–84.
IEEE E. Elbaşı and H. Özdemir, “Marmara Denizi Akarsu Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizi”, Journal of Geography, no. 36, pp. 63–84, June 2018.
ISNAD Elbaşı, Emre - Özdemir, Hasan. “Marmara Denizi Akarsu Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizi”. Journal of Geography 36 (June 2018), 63-84.
JAMA Elbaşı E, Özdemir H. Marmara Denizi Akarsu Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizi. Journal of Geography. 2018;:63–84.
MLA Elbaşı, Emre and Hasan Özdemir. “Marmara Denizi Akarsu Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizi”. Journal of Geography, no. 36, 2018, pp. 63-84.
Vancouver Elbaşı E, Özdemir H. Marmara Denizi Akarsu Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizi. Journal of Geography. 2018(36):63-84.