EXPOSURE TO MELAMINE FROM THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD CAUSES NEPROTOXICITY: A HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY

Year 2022, Volume: 85 Issue: 3, 433 - 439, 06.07.2022

Züleyha Erişgin , Hasan Serdar Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1074354

Abstract

Objective: Melamine (mel), which is illegally added to formula to providing false-positive protein content, has caused acute renal failure in infants due to crystal formation. This study aimed to investigate the nephrotoxic effects of chronic low-dose mel exposure from the weaning period (supplementary food period).
Materials and Methods: Eighteen female rats in the weaning period (21-days-old) were divided into three groups. A 0.1 ml saline was given to the control group by oral gavage (p.o). Fifty mg/kg mel was given to the second group and 75 mg/kg mel to the third group dissolved in 0.1 ml saline for twenty one days p.o.. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and histopathologic, morphometric, and ultrastructural analysis were performed on kidney tissues.
Results: There was an inflammatory cell infiltration in the tubulointerstitial area, and no crystal formation was observed in either of the mel groups. In the 75 mg mel group, glomerular and tubular epithelial damage and significant increases in Bowman’s space were observed (p<0.05). In the ultrastructural analysis, the capillary lumen was closed due to endothelial enlargement, dilatation in the pedicles and hypertrophy in podocytes were found in the 75 mg group. Pedicles in the 50 mg group appeared to be enlarged more than the control group, but the capillary lumen was more open than the 75 mg group.
Conclusion: The results show that low dose mel exposure causes kidney damage with increased doses from the early postnatal period.

Keywords

Early postnatal period, electron microscopy, kidney, melamin, nephrotoxicity, rat

ERKEN POSTNATAL DÖNEMDEN İTİBAREN MELAMİN MARUZİYETİ NEFROTOKSİSİTEYE NEDEN OLUR: BİR HİSTOPATOLOJİK VE ULTRASÜTRÜKTÜREL ÇALIŞMA

Abstract

Amaç: İllegal olarak mamalara yalancı yüksek pozitif protein içeriği için eklenen melamin (mel), bebeklerde kristal oluşumuna bağlı akut böbrek yetmezliğine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada süt kesme döneminden (ek besin dönemi) itibaren kronik düşük doz mel maruziyetinin nefrotoksik etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Süt kesim dönemindeki (21 günlük) 18 dişi sıçan üç gruba bölündü. Kontrol grubuna 0.1 ml serum fizyolojik oral gavajla (p.o) verildi. İkinci gruba 50 mg/kg mel, üçüncü gruba 75 mg/kg mel 0.1 ml serum fizyolojik ile çözülerek yirmi bir gün p.o. verildi. Deney sonunda hayvanlar sakrifiye edildi ve böbrek dokularında histopatolojik, morfometrik ve ultrasütrüktürel analiz yapıldı.
Bulgular: Her iki mel grubunda tubulointerstisyel alanda inflamatuar hücre infiltrasyonu vardı ve kristal oluşumu gözlenmedi. Yetmiş beş mg mel grubunda glomerüler ve tübüler epitel hasarı ve Bowman boşluğunda önemli artışlar gözlendi (p<0.05). Yetmiş beş mg grubunda ultrasütrüktürel analizlerinde endotel genişlemesi nedeniyle kapiller lümenin kapandığı, pedisellerde dilatasyon ve podositlerde hipertrofi saptandı. Elli mg grubundaki pediseller kontrol grubuna göre daha fazla genişlemiş gibi görünüyordu. Elli mg grubunda, kapiller lümen 75 mg grubuna göre daha açıktı.
Tartışma: Sonuç olarak, erken postanal dönemden itibaren düşük doz mel maruziyeti artan dozlarda böbrek hasarına neden olmaktadır.

Keywords

Erken postnatal dönem, elektron mikroskopi, böbrek, melamin, nefrotoksisite, sıçan

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