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Kudüs Krallık Sikkeleri

Year 2023, Issue: 43, 319 - 337, 24.10.2023

Sevtap Gölgesiz Karaca

https://doi.org/10.26650/jos.1241105

Abstract

11.-12. yüzyıllar arasında Kudüs merkezli kurulan ve ağırlıklı olarak Doğu Akdeniz sahil şehirleri boyunca yayılan Kudüs Krallığı döneminde değişik türde sikkeler basılmıştır. Özellikle Kudüs ve Akkâ gibi krallığın önemli merkezlerinde başta olmak üzere, krallık içerisinde pek çok şehirde darphaneler kurulmuş ve buralarda sikke darbı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Kudüs Krallığı’nda 1099-1187 yılları arasında basılan çeşitli sikke örneklerine yer verilecektir. Kudüs Krallığı’nda çok çeşitte sikkelerin kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bunlar Sarazen bezantı, Kudüs Kraliyet denier/obol ve diğer türler (erken dönem anonim sikkeler, hacı sikkeleri, baronyal sikkeler) olmak üzere üç ana gruba ayrılmaktadır. Bu sikkelerin her birinin basım dönemleri, ağırlıkları ve özellikleri birbirlerinden farklıdır. Bahsi geçen türlerin tamamı kendi içinde çeşitli özgünlükler barındırmaktadır. Kullanım amaçlarına göre ve çeşitli ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda ortaya çıkan bu sikkeler, krallığın ticari hayatında önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Bu makalenin amacı, Haçlı devletlerinin içerisinde en büyüğü ve lideri konumunda bulunan Kudüs Krallığı’na farklı bir açıdan bakmak, krallığın ticari hayatında etkili olan Haçlı sikkeleri hakkında bilgi vermektir.

Keywords

Orta Çağ Sikkeleri Haçlı Sikkeleri Sarazen Bezantı Denier

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

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  • Kool, Robert. “The Circulation and Use of Coins in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099-1291 CE”. Doktora Tezi, Hebrew Üniversitesi, 2013. google scholar
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Coins of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Year 2023, Issue: 43, 319 - 337, 24.10.2023

Sevtap Gölgesiz Karaca

https://doi.org/10.26650/jos.1241105

Abstract

Between the 11th and 12th centuries, various types of coins were minted in the Jerusalem Kingdom, which was centered in Jerusalem and spread mainly along the coastal cities of the Eastern Mediterranean. In the important city centers of the kingdom, such as Jerusalem and Akkâ, mints were established and coins were struck there. In this study, various examples of coins minted in the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1099-1187 are discussed. Many types of coins were used in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. These are divided into three main groups: Saracen bezant, Jerusalem Royal denier/obol and other types (early anonymous coins, pilgrim coins, baronial coins). The minting periods, weights. and characteristics of each of these coins are different from each other. All of these types of coins originated from different needs and places. These coins, according to their intended use and various needs, played an important role in the commercial life of the kingdom. This article examines the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the largest leader of the Crusader states, from a different perspective to provide information about Crusader coins that were effective in the commercial life of the kingdom.

Keywords

Medieval Coins Crusader Coins Saracen Bezant Denier

Project Number

-

References

  • Balog, Paul ve Jacques Yvon. “Monnaies a legendes arabes de l’Orient latin.” Revue numismatique. 6/1, (1958): 133-168. google scholar
  • Cosmas Indicopleustes. Topographia Christiana. Hazırlayan J.W. McCrindle. The Christian Topography of Cosmas, an Egyptian Monk. Cambridge: Cambridge Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1897. google scholar
  • Eagleton, Catherine ve Jonathan Williams. Paranın Tarihi. Hazırlayan Fadime Kâya. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2011. google scholar
  • Genç, Özlem. Birleşik Avrupa’nın Mimarı Şarlman ve Karolenj Rönesansı. Ankara: Lotus, 2013. google scholar
  • Grierson, Philip. Byzantine Coins. Berkeley-Los Angeles: 1982. google scholar
  • Grierson, Philip. “A Rare Crusader Bezant with the ‘Christus Vincit’ Legend.” Museum Notes, American Numismatic Society. (6/1954): 169-178. google scholar
  • Kool, Robert, Nikolaus Schindel ve Issa Baidoun. “A New Assemblage of Cut Gold Fragments from the Crusader Period.” Israel Numismatic Research. (14/2019): 169-192. google scholar
  • Kool, Robert, Ehud Galili ve Yaacov Sharvit. “Mid-twelfth Century Crusader Cut Gold Fragments from a Shipwreck off the Carmel Coast.” The Numismatic Chronicle. (176/2016): 319-325. google scholar
  • Kool, Robert. “The Circulation and Use of Coins in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099-1291 CE”. Doktora Tezi, Hebrew Üniversitesi, 2013. google scholar
  • Lavoix, Henri. Monnaies a legendes arabesfrappees en Syrie par les croises. Paris:1877. google scholar
  • Malloy, Alex G., vd. Coins of the Crusader States 1098-1291. hazırlayan Allen G. Berman. New York:1994. google scholar
  • Meshorer, Ya'akov, Gabrila Bijovsky ve Wolfgang Fischer-Bossert. Coins of theHoly Land the Abraham and Marian Sofaer Collection at the American Numismatic Society and the Israel Museum. 2 Cilt. Hazırlayanlar David Hendin ve Andrew Meadows. New York: American Numismatic Society, 2013. google scholar
  • Meshorer, Ya'akov. “A Bronze Coin of Baldwin I King of Jerusalem.” Israel Numismatic Journal. 12 (19921993): 91-93. google scholar
  • Metcalf, D. M. Coinage ofthe Crusades and the Latin East in the Ashmolean Museum Oxford. London:1995. google scholar
  • Metcalf, D. M. “Coinage of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Name of Baudouin.” The Numismatic Chronicle, Seventh Series. 18 (138/1978): 71-84. google scholar
  • Metcalf, D. M. “Crusader Gold Bezants of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem: Two Additional Sources of Information.” The Numismatic Chronicle. 160 (2000): 203-218. google scholar
  • Mıynat, Ali. “Haçlı Paraları Üzerinde Doğu İzleri ve Kültürel Etkileşimler (12.-13. Yüzyıllar).” Selçuklular ve Haçlılar. III. hazırlayan Mustafa Demirci içinde 313-328. Konya: Çizgi kitabevi, 2020. google scholar
  • Miles, George C.. “Some Hoards of Crusader Bezants.” ANSNNM. (13/1967): 189-203. google scholar
  • Murrell, William Stephen. “Dragomans and Crusaders: The Role of Translators and Translation in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean, 1098-1291”. Doktora Tezi, Vanderbilt Üniversitesi, 2018. google scholar
  • Phillips, Marcus. “Outremer: Coinage.” The Crusades An Encyclopedia. III: 913-917, ed. Alan V. Murray, Oxford:2006. google scholar
  • Schlumberger, G. Numismatique de l’Orient Latin. Paris:1878. google scholar
  • Stahl, Alan M. “The Denier Outremer”, The French of Outremer: Communities and Communications in the Crusading Mediterranean. hazırlayanlar Laura K. Morreale, Nicholas L. Paul içinde 30-43. Fordham: Fordham Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2018. google scholar
  • CNG. Classical Numismatic Group. LLC. London-Lancester. google scholar
  • Museum of the Order of St John. https://museumstjohn.org.uk/ google scholar
  • Numista. https://en.numista.com/ google scholar
  • Custodia. https://www.custodia.org/en/sanctuaries/basilica-holy-sepulchre google scholar
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Linguistics (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sevtap Gölgesiz Karaca 0000-0001-9865-2290

Project Number -
Publication Date October 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 43

Cite

Chicago Gölgesiz Karaca, Sevtap. “Kudüs Krallık Sikkeleri”. Şarkiyat Mecmuası, no. 43 (October 2023): 319-37. https://doi.org/10.26650/jos.1241105.
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