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Year 2013, Issue: 48, 0 - , 11.12.2013

Savaş Çevik

Abstract

The aim of this study is to seek the effect government spending on the improvement of health care services by means of cross-national comparison. The data were analysed through cross-sectional regression on a worldwide sample to estimate the degree of correlation between the mortality rate in children under five and public health spending employing a set of major socioeconomic determinants using the cross-national data available. Results indicate that public spending on health care is statistically significant. In the second section of the study, it is questioned whether there exists a difference between the countries with high level revenues and the countries with low level revenues in terms of the effect of public spending on the improvement of health care services. The results obtained indicate that the rate of public spending has a greater impact on the improvement of the health care services in countries with low level revenues when compared to the countries with high-level revenues.

Keywords

Public Expenditure On Health Child Mortality Health Economics

References

  • • Aiyer, S., Jamison, D.T., ve Londono, J.L. (1995), “Health Policy in Latin America: Progress, Problems, and Policy Options”, Cuadernos de Economia, 32, 11–28.
  • • Amaghionyeodiwe, L. A. (2009),”Government Health Care Spending and the Poor: Evidence From Nigeria”, International Journal of Social Economics, 36(3), 220 – 236. • Anand, S., ve Ravallion, M. (1993), “Human Development In Poor Countries: On The Role of Private Incomes and Public Services”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7(1), 133-150.
  • • Baltagi, B. H. ve Moscone, F. (2010), “Health Care Expenditure and Income in the OECD Reconsidered: Evidence From Panel Data”, Economic Modeling, 27, 804-811. • Berger, M. C. ve Messer, J. (2002), “Public Financing of Health Expenditures, Insurance, and Health Outcomes”, Applied Economics, 34, 2105-2113.
  • • Bidani, B. ve Ravallion, M. (1997), “Decomposing Social Indicators Using Distributional Data”, Journal of Econometrics, 77, 125-39.
  • • Castrol-Leal, F., Dayton, J. ve Mehra, K. (1999), “Public Social Spending in Africa: Do the Poor Benefit?”, World Bank Research Observer, 14, 49-72.
  • • Cullis, J.G. ve West, P.A. (1979), The Economics of Health: An Introduction, Martin Robertson, Oxford.
  • • Deolalikar, A.B. (1995), “Government Health Spending in Indonesia: Impacts on Children in Different Economic Groups”, içinde: Van de Walle, D. ve Nead, K. (Eds), Public Spending and the Poor: Theory and Evidence, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
  • • Filmer, D. ve Pritchett, L. (1999), “The Impact of Public Spending on Health: Does Money Matter?”, Social Science and Medicine, 49(1), 1309–1323.
  • • Filmer, D., Hammer, J.S., ve Pritchett, L. (1998), “Health Policy in Poor Countries: Weak Links in the Chain”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 1874, World Bank, Washington DC.
  • • Gakidou, E. ve King, G. (2000), “An Individual-Level Approach to Health Inequality: Child Survival in 50 Countries”, Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper, No. 18, World Bank Health Organization, Geneva.
  • • Gerdtham, U.G. ve Jonsson, B. (1991a), “Price and Quantity in International Comparisons of Health Care Expenditure”, Applied Economics, 23, 1519-1528.
  • • Gerdtham, U.G. ve Jonsson, B. (1991b), “Conversion Factor Instability in International Comparisons of Health Care Expenditure”, Journal of Health Economics, 10, 227-234.
  • • Ghobarah, H. A., Huth, P. ve Russett, B. (2004), “Comparative Public Health: The Political Economy of Human Misery and Well-Being”, International Studies Quarterly, 48, 73-94.
  • • Govindaraj, R., Chellaraj G., ve Murray, C.J.L. (1997), “Health Expenditures in Latin America and the Caribbean”, Social Science & Medicine, 44(2), 157-169.
  • • Gupta, S., Verhoeven, M., ve Tiongson, E. R. (2002), “The Effectiveness of Government Spending on Education and Health Care in Developing and Transition Economies”, European Journal of Political Economy, 18, 717-737.
  • • Gupta, S., Verhoeven, M., ve Tiongson, E. R. (2003), “Public Spending on Health Care and the Poor”, Health Economics, 12, 685-696.
  • • Gwatkin, D.R. (2000), “Health Inequalities and the Health of the Poor: What Do We Know? What Can We Do?”, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(1), pp. 3-18.
  • • Hall, S.G., Swamy, P. A. V. B. ve Tavlas, G.S. (2012), “Generalized Cointegration: A New Concept With An Application to Health Expenditure and Health Outcomes”, Empirical Economics, 42, 603–618.
  • • Hansen, P. ve King, A. (1996), “The Determinants of Health Care Expenditure: A Cointegration Approach”, Journal of Health Economics, 15, 127-137.
  • • Hitiris, T. ve Posnett, P. (1992), “The Determinants and Effects of Health Expenditure in Developed Countries”, Journal of Health Economics, 11, 173-181.
  • • Huber, M. ve Orosz, E. (2003), “Health Expenditure Trends in OECD Countries, 1990-2001”, Health Care Financing Review, 25(1), 1-22.
  • • Jamison, D.T., Wang, J., Hill, K., ve Londono, J-L. (1996), “Income, Mortality and Fertility Control in Latin America: Country-Level Performance 1960-90”, Mimeo, LAC Technical Department, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
  • • Judge, K., Mulligan, J.A. ve Benzeval, M. (1998), “Income Inequality and Population Health”, Social Science & Medicine, 46, 567-579.
  • • Kahneman D., ve Riis J. (2005), “Living, and Thinking About It: Two Perspectives on Life”, içinde: F.A. Huppert, N. Baylis ve B. Keverne (Eds.), The Science of Well-Being, Oxford University Press, Oxford , 285-304.
  • • Kim, K. ve Moody, P. M. (1992), “More Resources Better Health? A Cross-National Perspective”, Social Science & Medicine, 34(8), 837-842.
  • • LeGrand, J. (1987), “Inequalities in Health: Some International Comparisons”, European Economic Review, 31, 182-191.
  • • Leu, R. E. (1986), “The Public-Private Mix and International Health Care Costs”, içinde: A. J. Cuyler ve B. Jonsson (Eds), Public and Private Health Services, Basil-Blackwell, Oxford, 41-63.
  • • Makinen, M., Waters, H., Rauch, M., Almagambetova, N., Bitran, R., Gilson, L., McIntyre, D., Pannarunothai, S., Prieto, A.L., Ubilla, G. ve Ram, S. (2000), “Inequalities in Health Care Use and Expenditures: Empirical Data from Eight Developing Countries and Countries in Transition”, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(1), 55-65. • Matteo, L. D. ve Matteo R. D. (1998), “Evidence on the Determinants of Canadian Provincial Government Health Expenditures: 1965-1991”, Journal of Health Economics, 17, 211-228.
  • • McGuire, A., Parkin, D., Hughes, D., ve Gerard, K., (1993), “Econometric Analyses of National Health Expenditures: Can Positive Economics Help Answer Normative Questions?”, Health Economics, 2, 113– 126.
  • • Milne, R. ve Molana, H. (1991), “On the Effect of Income and Relative Price on Demand for Health Care: EC Evidence”, Applied Economics, 23, 1221-1226.
  • • Murray C.J.L., Govindaraj R. ve Musgrove, P. (1994), “National Health Expenditures: A Global analysis”. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 72(4), 623-637. • Musgrove, P. (1996), “Public and Private Roles in Health: Theory and Financing Patterns”, Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper, World Bank, Washington D.C.
  • • Musgrove, P. (1999), “Public Spending on Health Care: How Are Different Criteria Related?”, Health Policy, 47, 207–223.
  • • Newhouse J.P. (1977), “Medical Care Expenditure: A Cross-National Survey”, Journal of Human Resources, 12, 115-125.
  • • Newhouse J.P. (1987), “Cross National Differences in Health Spending-What Do They Mean?”, Journal of Health Economics, 6, 159-162.
  • • North, D. C. (1991), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [Türkçesi: North, D. C. (2002), Kurumlar, Kurumsal Değişim ve Ekonomik Performans, çev. Gül Çağalı Güven, Sabancı Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul].
  • • Parkin, D., McGuire, A. ve Yule, B. (1987), “Aggregate Health Expenditures and National Income: Is Health Care A Luxury Good?”, Journal of Health Economics, 6, 109-127.
  • • Pritchett, L. ve Summers, L. W. (1996), “Wealthier is healthier”, Journal of Human Resources, 31, 841–68.
  • • Rajkumar, A. S. ve Swaroop, V. (2008), “Public Pending and Outcomes: Does Governance Matter?”, Journal of Development Economics, 86, 96-111.
  • • Schell, C. O., Reilly, M., Rosling, H., Peterson, S., ve Ekstrom, A. M. (2007), “Socioeconomic Determinants of Infant Mortality: A Worldwide Study of 152 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries”, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 35, 288-2
  • • Self, S. ve Grabowski, R. (2003), “How Effective is Public Health Expenditure in Improving Overall Health? A Cross-Country Analysis”, Applied Economics, 35, 835-8
  • • Smith, D. G. (1996), “Income Inequality and Mortality: Why Are They Related?”, British Medical Journal, 312, 987-998.
  • • Wagstaff, A. ve Watanbe, N. (2000), “Socioeconomic Inequalities in Child Malnutrition in the Developing World”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 2434, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
  • • Wang, L. (2002), “Health Outcomes in Poor Countries and Policy Options: Empirical Findings from Demographic and Health Survey”, Policy Research Working Paper, No. 2831, World Bank, Washington D.C.
  • • WHO (2010), The World Health Report: Health Systems Financing, Switzerland, WHO Publications.
  • • Wilkinson, R. G. (1992), “Income Distribution and Life Expectancy”, British Medical Journal, 304, 165-168.

KAMU SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜLKELERİN GELİR SEVİYELERİNE GÖRE BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA

Year 2013, Issue: 48, 0 - , 11.12.2013

Savaş Çevik

Abstract

Bu çalışma kamu sağlık harcamalarının ülkelerin sağlık göstergelerini iyileştirmekteki etkisini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla veri elde edilebilir tüm dünya örneklemi ile yatay kesit regresyonlar yürütülmüş ve kamu sağlık harcamalarının çocuk ölüm oranlarını iyileştirici genel etkisine dair kanıtlar bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan bu etkinin ülkeler arasında değişip değişmediğini anlamak üzere ülkeler gelir gruplarına göre sınıflanarak ek regresyonlar uygulanmış ve düşük gelirli ülkelerde kamu sağlık harcamaları ile çocuk ölümleri arasındaki ilişkiye dair istatistiki ve ampirik olarak önemli bulgulara rağmen yüksek gelirli ülkelerde sağlam bir sonuç bulunamamıştır. Bu da düşük gelirli ülkelerde kamu sağlık harcamalarının sağlık sonuçlarını iyileştirmekte yüksek gelirli ülkelere göre daha etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Kamu Sağlık Harcamaları Çocuk Ölüm Oranı Sağlık Ekonomisi

References

  • • Aiyer, S., Jamison, D.T., ve Londono, J.L. (1995), “Health Policy in Latin America: Progress, Problems, and Policy Options”, Cuadernos de Economia, 32, 11–28.
  • • Amaghionyeodiwe, L. A. (2009),”Government Health Care Spending and the Poor: Evidence From Nigeria”, International Journal of Social Economics, 36(3), 220 – 236. • Anand, S., ve Ravallion, M. (1993), “Human Development In Poor Countries: On The Role of Private Incomes and Public Services”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7(1), 133-150.
  • • Baltagi, B. H. ve Moscone, F. (2010), “Health Care Expenditure and Income in the OECD Reconsidered: Evidence From Panel Data”, Economic Modeling, 27, 804-811. • Berger, M. C. ve Messer, J. (2002), “Public Financing of Health Expenditures, Insurance, and Health Outcomes”, Applied Economics, 34, 2105-2113.
  • • Bidani, B. ve Ravallion, M. (1997), “Decomposing Social Indicators Using Distributional Data”, Journal of Econometrics, 77, 125-39.
  • • Castrol-Leal, F., Dayton, J. ve Mehra, K. (1999), “Public Social Spending in Africa: Do the Poor Benefit?”, World Bank Research Observer, 14, 49-72.
  • • Cullis, J.G. ve West, P.A. (1979), The Economics of Health: An Introduction, Martin Robertson, Oxford.
  • • Deolalikar, A.B. (1995), “Government Health Spending in Indonesia: Impacts on Children in Different Economic Groups”, içinde: Van de Walle, D. ve Nead, K. (Eds), Public Spending and the Poor: Theory and Evidence, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
  • • Filmer, D. ve Pritchett, L. (1999), “The Impact of Public Spending on Health: Does Money Matter?”, Social Science and Medicine, 49(1), 1309–1323.
  • • Filmer, D., Hammer, J.S., ve Pritchett, L. (1998), “Health Policy in Poor Countries: Weak Links in the Chain”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 1874, World Bank, Washington DC.
  • • Gakidou, E. ve King, G. (2000), “An Individual-Level Approach to Health Inequality: Child Survival in 50 Countries”, Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper, No. 18, World Bank Health Organization, Geneva.
  • • Gerdtham, U.G. ve Jonsson, B. (1991a), “Price and Quantity in International Comparisons of Health Care Expenditure”, Applied Economics, 23, 1519-1528.
  • • Gerdtham, U.G. ve Jonsson, B. (1991b), “Conversion Factor Instability in International Comparisons of Health Care Expenditure”, Journal of Health Economics, 10, 227-234.
  • • Ghobarah, H. A., Huth, P. ve Russett, B. (2004), “Comparative Public Health: The Political Economy of Human Misery and Well-Being”, International Studies Quarterly, 48, 73-94.
  • • Govindaraj, R., Chellaraj G., ve Murray, C.J.L. (1997), “Health Expenditures in Latin America and the Caribbean”, Social Science & Medicine, 44(2), 157-169.
  • • Gupta, S., Verhoeven, M., ve Tiongson, E. R. (2002), “The Effectiveness of Government Spending on Education and Health Care in Developing and Transition Economies”, European Journal of Political Economy, 18, 717-737.
  • • Gupta, S., Verhoeven, M., ve Tiongson, E. R. (2003), “Public Spending on Health Care and the Poor”, Health Economics, 12, 685-696.
  • • Gwatkin, D.R. (2000), “Health Inequalities and the Health of the Poor: What Do We Know? What Can We Do?”, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(1), pp. 3-18.
  • • Hall, S.G., Swamy, P. A. V. B. ve Tavlas, G.S. (2012), “Generalized Cointegration: A New Concept With An Application to Health Expenditure and Health Outcomes”, Empirical Economics, 42, 603–618.
  • • Hansen, P. ve King, A. (1996), “The Determinants of Health Care Expenditure: A Cointegration Approach”, Journal of Health Economics, 15, 127-137.
  • • Hitiris, T. ve Posnett, P. (1992), “The Determinants and Effects of Health Expenditure in Developed Countries”, Journal of Health Economics, 11, 173-181.
  • • Huber, M. ve Orosz, E. (2003), “Health Expenditure Trends in OECD Countries, 1990-2001”, Health Care Financing Review, 25(1), 1-22.
  • • Jamison, D.T., Wang, J., Hill, K., ve Londono, J-L. (1996), “Income, Mortality and Fertility Control in Latin America: Country-Level Performance 1960-90”, Mimeo, LAC Technical Department, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
  • • Judge, K., Mulligan, J.A. ve Benzeval, M. (1998), “Income Inequality and Population Health”, Social Science & Medicine, 46, 567-579.
  • • Kahneman D., ve Riis J. (2005), “Living, and Thinking About It: Two Perspectives on Life”, içinde: F.A. Huppert, N. Baylis ve B. Keverne (Eds.), The Science of Well-Being, Oxford University Press, Oxford , 285-304.
  • • Kim, K. ve Moody, P. M. (1992), “More Resources Better Health? A Cross-National Perspective”, Social Science & Medicine, 34(8), 837-842.
  • • LeGrand, J. (1987), “Inequalities in Health: Some International Comparisons”, European Economic Review, 31, 182-191.
  • • Leu, R. E. (1986), “The Public-Private Mix and International Health Care Costs”, içinde: A. J. Cuyler ve B. Jonsson (Eds), Public and Private Health Services, Basil-Blackwell, Oxford, 41-63.
  • • Makinen, M., Waters, H., Rauch, M., Almagambetova, N., Bitran, R., Gilson, L., McIntyre, D., Pannarunothai, S., Prieto, A.L., Ubilla, G. ve Ram, S. (2000), “Inequalities in Health Care Use and Expenditures: Empirical Data from Eight Developing Countries and Countries in Transition”, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(1), 55-65. • Matteo, L. D. ve Matteo R. D. (1998), “Evidence on the Determinants of Canadian Provincial Government Health Expenditures: 1965-1991”, Journal of Health Economics, 17, 211-228.
  • • McGuire, A., Parkin, D., Hughes, D., ve Gerard, K., (1993), “Econometric Analyses of National Health Expenditures: Can Positive Economics Help Answer Normative Questions?”, Health Economics, 2, 113– 126.
  • • Milne, R. ve Molana, H. (1991), “On the Effect of Income and Relative Price on Demand for Health Care: EC Evidence”, Applied Economics, 23, 1221-1226.
  • • Murray C.J.L., Govindaraj R. ve Musgrove, P. (1994), “National Health Expenditures: A Global analysis”. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 72(4), 623-637. • Musgrove, P. (1996), “Public and Private Roles in Health: Theory and Financing Patterns”, Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper, World Bank, Washington D.C.
  • • Musgrove, P. (1999), “Public Spending on Health Care: How Are Different Criteria Related?”, Health Policy, 47, 207–223.
  • • Newhouse J.P. (1977), “Medical Care Expenditure: A Cross-National Survey”, Journal of Human Resources, 12, 115-125.
  • • Newhouse J.P. (1987), “Cross National Differences in Health Spending-What Do They Mean?”, Journal of Health Economics, 6, 159-162.
  • • North, D. C. (1991), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [Türkçesi: North, D. C. (2002), Kurumlar, Kurumsal Değişim ve Ekonomik Performans, çev. Gül Çağalı Güven, Sabancı Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul].
  • • Parkin, D., McGuire, A. ve Yule, B. (1987), “Aggregate Health Expenditures and National Income: Is Health Care A Luxury Good?”, Journal of Health Economics, 6, 109-127.
  • • Pritchett, L. ve Summers, L. W. (1996), “Wealthier is healthier”, Journal of Human Resources, 31, 841–68.
  • • Rajkumar, A. S. ve Swaroop, V. (2008), “Public Pending and Outcomes: Does Governance Matter?”, Journal of Development Economics, 86, 96-111.
  • • Schell, C. O., Reilly, M., Rosling, H., Peterson, S., ve Ekstrom, A. M. (2007), “Socioeconomic Determinants of Infant Mortality: A Worldwide Study of 152 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries”, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 35, 288-2
  • • Self, S. ve Grabowski, R. (2003), “How Effective is Public Health Expenditure in Improving Overall Health? A Cross-Country Analysis”, Applied Economics, 35, 835-8
  • • Smith, D. G. (1996), “Income Inequality and Mortality: Why Are They Related?”, British Medical Journal, 312, 987-998.
  • • Wagstaff, A. ve Watanbe, N. (2000), “Socioeconomic Inequalities in Child Malnutrition in the Developing World”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 2434, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
  • • Wang, L. (2002), “Health Outcomes in Poor Countries and Policy Options: Empirical Findings from Demographic and Health Survey”, Policy Research Working Paper, No. 2831, World Bank, Washington D.C.
  • • WHO (2010), The World Health Report: Health Systems Financing, Switzerland, WHO Publications.
  • • Wilkinson, R. G. (1992), “Income Distribution and Life Expectancy”, British Medical Journal, 304, 165-168.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Savaş Çevik

Publication Date December 11, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Issue: 48

Cite

APA Çevik, S. (2013). KAMU SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜLKELERİN GELİR SEVİYELERİNE GÖRE BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi(48).
AMA Çevik S. KAMU SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜLKELERİN GELİR SEVİYELERİNE GÖRE BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi. December 2013;(48).
Chicago Çevik, Savaş. “KAMU SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜLKELERİN GELİR SEVİYELERİNE GÖRE BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 48 (December 2013).
EndNote Çevik S (December 1, 2013) KAMU SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜLKELERİN GELİR SEVİYELERİNE GÖRE BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi 48
IEEE S. Çevik, “KAMU SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜLKELERİN GELİR SEVİYELERİNE GÖRE BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 48, December 2013.
ISNAD Çevik, Savaş. “KAMU SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜLKELERİN GELİR SEVİYELERİNE GÖRE BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi 48 (December 2013).
JAMA Çevik S. KAMU SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜLKELERİN GELİR SEVİYELERİNE GÖRE BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013.
MLA Çevik, Savaş. “KAMU SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜLKELERİN GELİR SEVİYELERİNE GÖRE BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 48, 2013.
Vancouver Çevik S. KAMU SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ SAĞLIK SONUÇLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜLKELERİN GELİR SEVİYELERİNE GÖRE BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013(48).
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