Using Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis in Social Science Research Abstract

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 2, 549 - 588, 30.12.2022

Rabia Çizel Volkan Aşkun , Beykan Çizel

https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2022.42.2.0040

Öz

Although the interest in fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), which has the potential to reveal asymmetric causal relationships, has gradually increased in the international social sciences literature, the scarcity of researchers using this analysis in Turkey is striking. This article has been written to introduce a method that can help Turkish social science researchers obtain richer information from their data in the national social science literature. Rooted in sociology, this method is valuable in terms of showing how both qualitative and quantitative data can be pragmatically handled with a single analysis method. This article provides a comprehensive literature review and a detailed guide on how to use the method through a sample application for readers. In addition, the study analyzes the conditions and outcome configurations that are effective in countries’ global competitiveness using the sample application provided in the research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asymmetric analysis, Qualitative comparative analysis, Cluster theoretical methods, Theory development, Applied data analysis, Mixed methods, Global competitiveness analysis

Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bulanık Küme Nitel Karşılaştırmalı Analiz Yönteminin Kullanımı

Öz

Uluslararası sosyal bilimler yazınında, asimetrik nedensel ilişkiyi ortaya koyma potansiyeli olan bulanık küme nitel karşılaştırmalı analize (fsQCA) ilgi giderek artmasına rağmen, Türkiye’de bu analizi kullanan araştırmacıların azlığı dikkat çekicidir. Bu makale, sosyal bilimler alanında çalışan araştırmacıların verilerinden daha zengin bilgiler elde etmesine faydalı olabilecek bir yöntemin ulusal sosyal bilimler yazınına tanıtılması için kaleme alınmıştır. Sosyoloji kökenli olan bu yöntem hem nitel verilerin hem de nicel verilerin pragmatik bakış açısıyla tek bir analiz yöntemiyle ele alınabileceğini göstermesi açısından değerlidir. Bu makalede, kapsamlı bir literatür taraması ve okuyucular için bir örnek uygulama üzerinden yöntemin nasıl kullanılacağına dair ayrıntılı bir kılavuz sunulmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, araştırmada kullanılan örnek uygulama ile ülkelerin küresel rekabet edebilirliğinde etkili olan koşulların ve sonuç konfigürasyonlarının yeterli veya gerekliliği analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asimetrik analiz, Nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz, Küme teorik yöntemler, Teori geliştirme, Uygulamalı veri analizi, Karma yöntem, Küresel rekabet analizi

Kaynakça

• Ansell, C., Doberstein, C., Henderson, H., Siddiki, S., & ‘t Hart, P. (2020). Understanding inclusion in collaborative governance: a mixed methods approach. Policy and Society, 39(4), 570–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2020.1785726
• Aşkun, V., & Çizel, R. (2020). Twenty years of research on mixed methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Studies, 1(1), 26–40.
• Aversa, P., Furnari, S., & Haefliger, S. (2015). Business model configurations and performance: A qualitative comparative analysis in Formula One racing, 2005-2013. Industrial and Corporate
• Change, 24(3), 655–676. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtv012
• Basurto, X., & Speer, J. (2012). Structuring the calibration of qualitative data as sets for qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Field Methods, 24(2), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X11433998
• Bawack, R. E., Wamba, S. F., & Carillo, K. D. A. (2021). Exploring the role of personality, trust, and privacy in customer experience performance during voice shopping: Evidence from SEM and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. International Journal of Information Management, 58, 102309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102309
• Brady, H. E. (2008). Causation and explanation in social science. In J. M. Box-Steffensmeier, H. E.
• Brady, & D. Collier (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of political methodology (pp. 217–270). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0010
• Brigham, A. M. (2011). Agricultural exports and food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: A qualitative configurational analysis. Development Policy Review, 29(6), 729–748. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14677679.2011.00554.x
• Byrne, D. (2009). Case-based methods: Why we need them; what they are; how to do them. In D.
• Byrne & C. C. Ragin (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of case-based methods (pp. 1–10). Sage.
• Byrne, D. (2013). Evaluating complex social interventions in a complex world. Evaluation, 19(3), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356389013495617
• Carvajal-Trujillo, E., Molinillo, S., & Liébana-Cabanillas, F. (2020). Determinants and risks of intentions to use mobile applications in museums: an application of fsQCA. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(9), 1284–1303. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1780200
• Chong, H. Y., Liang, M., & Liao, P. C. (2021). Normative visual patterns for hazard recognition: A crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis approach. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 25, 1545–1554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-1362-5
• Dutta, S., Lanvin, B., & Wunsch-Vincent, S. (Eds.). (2019). The global innovation index 2019. World Intellectual Property Organization.
• Emmenegger, P., Kvist, J., & Skaaning, S.-E. (2013). Applications in comparative welfare-state research making the comparative of QCA. Political Research Quarterly, 66(1), 185–190.
• Fiss, P. C. (2011). Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 393–420. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2011.60263120
• Glaesser, J. (2008). Just how flexible is the German selective secondary school system? A configurational analysis. International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 31(2), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437270802212254
• Greckhamer, T., Furnari, S., Fiss, P. C., & Aguilera, R. V. (2018). Studying configurations with qualitative comparative analysis: Best practices in strategy and organization research. Strategic Organization, 16(4), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127018786487
• Gunbayi, I., & Sorm, S. (2020). Social paradigms in guiding management social development and social research. Pegem Academy.
• Hernández-Perlines, F., Covin, J. G., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. E. (2021). Entrepreneurial orientation, concern for socioemotional wealth preservation, and family firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 126, 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.050
• Hsu, P. F., Nguyen, T. K., & Huang, J. Y. (2021). Value co-creation and co-destruction in self-service technology: A customer’s perspective. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 46, 101029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101029
• Iannacci, F., & Cornford, T. (2018). Unravelling causal and temporal influences underpinning monitoring systems success: A typological approach. Information Systems Journal, 28(2), 384– 407. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12145
• Iannacci, F., Fearon, C., & Pole, K. (2020). From Acceptance to Adaptive Acceptance of Social Media Policy Change: a Set-Theoretic Analysis of B2B SMEs. Information Systems Frontiers. 23, 663–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-020-09988-1
• Kumbure, M. M., Tarkiainen, A., Luukka, P., Stoklasa, J., & Jantunen, A. (2020). Relation between managerial cognition and industrial performance: An assessment with strategic cognitive maps using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Journal of Business Research, 114, 160–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.001
• Marshall, M., & Elzinga-Marshall, G. C. (2017). Global report on conflict, governance and state fragility 2017. Center for Sytemic Peace.
• Marx, A. (2006). Towards more robust model specification in QCA: Results from a methodological experiment. COMPASSS Working Papers, 2006(43), 1–25.
• Miles, M., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage.
• Muñoz-Pascual, L., Curado, C., & Galende, J. (2021). How does the use of information technologies affect the adoption of environmental practices in SMEs? A mixed-methods approach. Review of Managerial Science, 15(1), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00371-2
• Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Denham, M. (2014). Qualitative data analysis techniques. In Oxford bibliographies online. Oxford University Press.
• Ordanini, A., Parasuraman, A., & Rubera, G. (2014). When the recipe is more important than the ıngredients: A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) of service ınnovation configurations. Journal of Service Research, 17(2), 134–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670513513337
• Ragin, C. C. (1987). The comparative method: Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies. University of California Press.
• Ragin, C. C. (2006). Set relations in social research: Evaluating their consistency and coverage. Political Analysis, 14(3), 291–310.
• Ragin, C. C. (2008). Redesigning social inquiry: Fuzzy sets and beyond. University of Chicago Press.
• Ragin, C. C. (2014). The comparative method: Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies with a new introduction. University of California Press.
• Ragin, C. C. (2018). User’s guide to fuzzy-set/qualitative comparative analysis 3.0. University of California.
• Ragin, C. C., & Becker, H. S. (1992). What is a case? Exploring the foundations of social inquiry. Cambridge University Press.
• Ragin, C. C., & Sonnett, J. (2005). Between complexity and parsimony: Limited diversity, counterfactual cases, and comparative analysis. In Vergleichen in der Politikwissenschaft (pp. 180–197). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
• Rihoux, B., & Ragin, C. C. (2009). Configurational comparative methods: Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and related techniques. Sage. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912912468269
• Sager, F., Rüefli, C., & Thomann, E. (2019). Fixing federal faults. Complementary member state policies in swiss health care policy. International Review of Public Policy, 1(2), 147–172. https://doi.org/10.4000/irpp.426
• Saka-Helmhout, A., Chappin, M., & Vermeulen, P. (2020). Multiple paths to firm ınnovation in
• Sub-Saharan Africa: How informal institutions matter. Organization Studies, 41(11), 1551–1575. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840619882971
• Saldaňa, J. (2012). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (2nd ed.). Sage.
• Schmitter, P. (2008). The design of social and political research. In Approaches and methodologies in the social sciences: A pluralist perspective (pp. 263–295). Cambridge University Press.
• Schneider, C. Q., & Wagemann, C. (2012). Set-theoretic methods for the social sciences: A guide to qualitative comparative analysis. Cambridge University Press.
• Schneider, M. R., Schulze-Bentrop, C., & Paunescu, M. (2010). Mapping the institutional capital of high-tech firms: A fuzzy-set analysis of capitalist variety and export performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(2), 246–266.
• Schwab, K. (Ed.). (2019). The global competitiveness report 2019. World Economic Forum.
• UNDP. (2019). Human development report 2019. https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-developmentreport-2019
• Vis, B. (2012). The comparative advantages of fsQCA and regression analysis for moderately large-n analyses. Sociological Methods & Research, 41(1), 168–198. https://doi. org/10.1177/0049124112442142
• World Justice Project. (2020). Rule of Law Index 2020. https://worldjusticeproject.org/our-work/ research-and-data/wjp-rule-law-index-2020