Virtual Reality or Just Reality? A SWOT Analysis of the Tourism Industry
Year 2018,
Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 67 - 74, 01.08.2018
Nur Kulakoğlu-dilek
,
İsmail Kızılırmak
,
Sebahattin Emre Dilek
Abstract
Developments in information and communication technology are increasingly transforming spatial relationships in tourism from a local into a global dimension. The virtual reality (VR) technology developed in this context is an important tool in this transformation. Virtual reality is an interactive environment generated by computers which enables participants to create countless real and unreal simulated experiences. The aim of this study is to describe virtual reality in the context of the tourism industry, to offer an evaluation by summarizing previous studies and conducting a situation analysis of virtual reality applications in terms of tourism via a SWOT analysis. The results of the situation analysis can be used to remark upon the place of VR technology in the tourism industry. In this framework, some suggestions for the tourism industry and future studies are given.
References
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- Dann, G. M. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184‒194.
- Dayour, F., & Adongo, C. A. (2015). Why they go there: International tourists’ motivations and revisit intention to Northern Ghana. American Journal of Tourism Management, 4(1), 7‒17.
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- Kressmann, J. (2017). Decoding use cases for virtual reality in travel. Skift. Retrieved from https://research.skift.com/reports/decoding-use-cases-virtual-reality-travel/
- Pengfei, Y., Ying, Z., & Xiuying, G. (2014, October). Virtual tourism based on virtual vision and induction technology. Paper presented at the 32nd EuroCHRIE conference “Hospitality and Tourism Futures, EuroCHRIE, Dubai.
- Pizarro, R., Berkers, K. O., Slater, M., & Friedman, D. (2015, October). How to time travel in highly immersive virtual reality. In M. Imura, P. Figueroa, & B. Mohler (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments (pp. 117‒124). Eurographics Association.
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- Schegg, R., & Stangl, B. (2017, January). Information and communication technologies in tourism 2017. Paper presented at the International Conference, Rome, Italy.
- Stacey, R. (1993). Strategic management and organisational dynamics. Pitman: London.
- Sussmann, S., & Vanhegan, H. (2000). Virtual reality and the tourism product substitution or complement? Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) (pp. 1077‒1083). Vienna, Austria: Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien.
- Thomson, S. L. (1997). Strategic management (3rd ed.). Boston: Thomson Business Press.
- Tussyadiah, I. P., Wang, D., & Jia, C. H. (2017). Virtual reality and attitudes toward tourism destinations. In Schegg, R., & Stangl, B. (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2017. Springer International Publishing.
- World Tourism Organization. (2007). A practical guide to tourism destination management. Madrid: Author.
- Uriely, N. (2005). The tourist experience: Conceptual developments. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 199‒216.
- Williams, P., & Hobson, J. P. (1995). Virtual reality and tourism: fact or fantasy? Tourism Management, 16(6), 423‒427.
Year 2018,
Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 67 - 74, 01.08.2018
Nur Kulakoğlu-dilek
,
İsmail Kızılırmak
,
Sebahattin Emre Dilek
References
- Adams, R. (2017). Virtual reality is about to revolutionize these three industries. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertadams/2016/09/07/virtual-reality-isabout-to-revolutionize-these-three-industries/#3f172d853035
- Anwar, S., & Hamilton, J. (2005). Tourism into the future-towards 2020, and Beyond. Tourism Recreation Research, 30(3), 77‒85.
- Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
- Cavanaugh, C. (2017). Virtual reality and augmented reality will change brand experiences. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2017/04/04/virtual-reality-andaugmented-reality-will-change-brand-experiences/#194c96555fdd
- Cheong, R. (1995). The virtual threat to travel and tourism. Tourism Management, 16(6), 417‒422.
- Dann, G. M. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184‒194.
- Dayour, F., & Adongo, C. A. (2015). Why they go there: International tourists’ motivations and revisit intention to Northern Ghana. American Journal of Tourism Management, 4(1), 7‒17.
- Gaggioli, A. (2016). 3 ways hotels can use virtual reality in the future. CloudBeds. Retrieved from https://www.cloudbeds.com/articles/3-ways-hotels-can-use-virtual-reality-in-the-future/
- Graham, L. (2016). Virtual reality devices could transform the tourism experience. CNBC. Retrieved from http://www.cnbc.com/2016/01/08/virtual-reality-devices-could-transform-the-tourismexperience.html
- Griffin, T., Giberson, J., Lee, S. H. M., Guttentag, D., Kandaurova, M., Sergueeva, K., & Dimanche, F. (2017, June). Virtual reality and implications for destination marketing. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Travel and Tourism Research Association, Quebec City, Canada.
- Guerra, J. P., Pinto, M. M., & Beato, C. (2015). Virtual reality-shows a new vision for tourism and heritage. European Scientific Journal, 11(9), 49‒54.
- Gurau, C. (2007). Virtual reality applications in tourism. In W. Pease, M. Rowe, & M. Cooper (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in support of the tourism industry (pp. 180‒197). Hershey PA: IGI Global.
- Guttentag, D. A. (2010). Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism. Tourism Management, 31(5), 637‒651.
- Hannam, K., Butler, G., & Paris, C. M. (2014). Developments and key issues in tourism mobilities. Annals of Tourism Research, 44, 171‒185.
- Hill, T., & Westbrook, R. (1997). SWOT Analysis: It’s time for a product recall. Long Range Planning, 30(1), 46‒52.
- Hobson, J. S. P., & Williams, A. P. (1995). Virtual reality: A new horizon for the tourism industry. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 2(1), 125‒135.
- Huang, Y. C., Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., & Chang, L. L. (2016). Exploring the implications of virtual reality technology in tourism marketing: An integrated research framework. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(2), 116‒128.
- Jung, T., tom Dieck, M. C., Lee, H., & Chung, N. (2016). Effects of virtual reality and augmented reality on visitor experiences in museum. In A. Inversini & R. Schegg (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2016 (pp. 621‒635). Cham: Springer.
- Kressmann, J. (2017). Decoding use cases for virtual reality in travel. Skift. Retrieved from https://research.skift.com/reports/decoding-use-cases-virtual-reality-travel/
- Pengfei, Y., Ying, Z., & Xiuying, G. (2014, October). Virtual tourism based on virtual vision and induction technology. Paper presented at the 32nd EuroCHRIE conference “Hospitality and Tourism Futures, EuroCHRIE, Dubai.
- Pizarro, R., Berkers, K. O., Slater, M., & Friedman, D. (2015, October). How to time travel in highly immersive virtual reality. In M. Imura, P. Figueroa, & B. Mohler (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments (pp. 117‒124). Eurographics Association.
- Ritzer, G. (2010). Enchanting a disenchanted world: continuity and change in the cathedrals of consumption (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press
- Sambhanthan, A., & Good, A. (2013). A virtual world model to enhance tourism destination accessibility in developing countries. arXiv 1302.5199. Cornell University.
- Schegg, R., & Stangl, B. (2017, January). Information and communication technologies in tourism 2017. Paper presented at the International Conference, Rome, Italy.
- Stacey, R. (1993). Strategic management and organisational dynamics. Pitman: London.
- Sussmann, S., & Vanhegan, H. (2000). Virtual reality and the tourism product substitution or complement? Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) (pp. 1077‒1083). Vienna, Austria: Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien.
- Thomson, S. L. (1997). Strategic management (3rd ed.). Boston: Thomson Business Press.
- Tussyadiah, I. P., Wang, D., & Jia, C. H. (2017). Virtual reality and attitudes toward tourism destinations. In Schegg, R., & Stangl, B. (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2017. Springer International Publishing.
- World Tourism Organization. (2007). A practical guide to tourism destination management. Madrid: Author.
- Uriely, N. (2005). The tourist experience: Conceptual developments. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 199‒216.
- Williams, P., & Hobson, J. P. (1995). Virtual reality and tourism: fact or fantasy? Tourism Management, 16(6), 423‒427.