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Somatik Deneyimleme Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması: Kuramsal Temel, Teknikler ve Grupla Psikolojik Danışma Uygulamaları

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 21 - 36, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46423/izujed.1249439

Abstract

Somatik deneyimleme kuramı, son yıllarda psikolojik danışma uygulamaları için giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu kuram, bedensel duygu ve hislerin işlenmesi ve regülasyonunda etkili bir teknik olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Kuramın temelinde, travma sonrası oluşan somatik etkilerin önemi ve bunların işlenmesinde bedenin kullanımı yatar. Yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde hem bireysel hem de grupla psikolojik danışma alanında yürütülen çalışmalar olduğu görülmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, somatik deneyimleme kuramının temelinde yatan felsefe, kullanılan teknikler ve aşamalar ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmış kuramın, grupla psikolojik danışma uygulamalarında kullanımının avantajları incelenmiştir. Çalışmalar, somatik deneyimleme tekniklerinin çeşitli durumlarda kullanılabileceğini, özellikle travma sonrası tedavi süreçlerinde olumlu sonuçlar verdiğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, somatik deneyimleme kuramına dayalı psikolojik danışma uygulamaları, günümüzde artan bir şekilde uygulanmakta ve ruh sağlığı için önemli bir tedavi yöntemi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda bu derleme çalışması, somatik deneyimleme kuramına dayalı psikolojik danışma uygulamalarının temel felsefesini, tekniklerini ve grupla psikolojik danışma uygulamalarında kullanımının avantajlarını incelemeyi ve psikolojik danışmanların somatik deneyimleme kuramını anlamalarına ve uygulama becerilerini geliştirmelerine yardımcı olmayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Altınsoy, F. (2020). Travmatik deneyimi olan bireyler için bir travma sonrası büyüme modeli (Doktora tezi). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi/Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü, Eskişehir.
  • Badenoch, B., & Cox, P. (2011). Integrating interpersonal neurobiology with group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 60, 462–481. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.2010.60.4.462
  • Bolu, A., Erdem, M., & Öznur, T. (2014). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu. Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation, 8 (2).
  • Briere, J. N., & Scott, C. (2016). Travma terapisinin ilkeleri belirtiler, değerlendirme ve tedavi için bir kılavuz DSM-5 için güncellenmiş (B.D. Genç, Çev.). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Briggs, P. C., Hayes, S., & Changaris, M. (2018). Somatic Experiencing® informed therapeutic group for the care and treatment of biopsychosocial effects upon a gender diverse identity. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 53. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00053
  • Cardena, E., Maldonado, J. R., van der Hart, O., & Spiegel, D. (2009). Hypnosis. In D. Forbes, J. I. Bisson, C. M. Monson, & L. Berliner (Eds.), Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the international society for traumatic stress studies (pp. 427-458). Guilford Press.
  • Carleton, J. A. (2009, Ekim). Somatic treatment of attachment issues: Applying neuroscientific and experimental research to the clinical situation. Paper presented at the Canadian Society for Psychotherapy Research. http://www.jacquelineacarletonphd.com/text/pdfs/somatictreatmentofattachmentissues.pdf
  • Carleton, J. A., & Gabay, J. L. (2012). Somatic experiencing: A neuroscientific approach to attachment trauma. Annals of Psychotherapy & Integrative Health 15(1), 52-65.
  • Cohen, S. L. (2011). Coming to our senses: The application of somatic psychology to group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 61(3), 397–413. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.2011.61.3.396
  • Çolak, B., Kokurcan, A., & Özsan, H. H. (2010). DSM’ler boyunca travma kavramının seyri. Kriz dergisi, 18(3), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000322
  • Denninger, J. W. (2011). Group and the social brain: Speeding toward a neurobiological understanding of group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 60, 595–604
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2014). Afetler, krizler, travmalar ve travmatik stres tepkileri. Ö. Erdur-Baker & T. Doğan, (Der.), Afetler, krizler travmalar ve psikolojik yardım içinde (ss. 3-24). Türk PDR Derneği Yayınları.
  • Gendlin, E. T. (1981). Focusing. Bantam Books.
  • Gül, I. G., & Eryılmaz, G. (2015). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğunun nörobiyolojisi: Bir gözden geçirme. Klinik psikiyatri, 18, 71-79.
  • Gündüz, N. (2015). Travmatik stres ve beyin. Turkiye Klinikleri Psychiatry - Special Topics Journal, 8(1), 1-9.
  • Herbert, C. (2016). Travma sonrası psikolojik tepkileri anlamak. (N. Azizlerli ve R. Güneş, Çev.)Psikonet Yayınları.
  • Kocatürk, P. A. (2000). Strese cevap. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 53, 49-56.
  • Leitch, M. L., Vanslyke, J., & Allen, M. (2009). Somatic experiencing treatment with social service workers following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Social Work, 54(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/54.1.9
  • Levine, P. A. (2010a). Healing trauma: A pioneering program for restoring the wisdom of your body. Sounds True.
  • Levine, P. A. (2010b). In an unspoken voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness. North Atlantic Books.
  • Levine, P. (2015). Trauma and memory: Brain and body in a search for the living past: A practical guide for understanding and working withtraumatic memory (1st ed.). North Atlantic Books.
  • Levine, P. A., & Frederick, A. (1997). Waking the tiger: Healing trauma: The innate capacity to transform overwhelming experiences. North Atlantic Books.
  • Levine, P. A., Blakeslee, A., & Sylvae, J. (2018). Reintegrating fragmentation of the primitive self: Discussion of “somatic experiencing”. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 28(5), 620-628. https://doi.org/10.1080/10481885.2018.1506216
  • Levit, D. (2018). Somatic experiencing: In the realms of trauma and dissociation: What we can do, when what we do, is really not good enough. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 28(5), 586-601. https://doi.org/10.1080/10481885.2018.1506225
  • Lombardi, R. (2018). Beyond the Psychosexual: The body–mind relationship discussion of “Somatic Experiencing”. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 28(5), 629-639. https://doi.org/10.1080/10481885.2018.1506226
  • McEwen, B. S. (2003). Mood disorders and allostatic load. Biological Psychiatry, 54 (3), 200-207.
  • Ogden, P., Minton, K., & Pain, C. (2006). Trauma and the body: A sensorimotor approach to psychotherapy. WW Norton & Company.
  • Özer, Ö. (2016). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu olan hastalarda talamus hacimleri ve klinik değişkenlerle ilişkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Fırat Üniversitesi.
  • Pai, A., Suris, A. M., & North, C. S. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, change, and conceptual considerations. Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7010007
  • Parlak, S. (2021). Somatik deneyimleme. N. Canel (Der.), Terapide yeni ufuklar içinde. Pinhan yayıncılık.
  • Payne, P., Levine, P. A., & Crane-Godreau, M. A. (2015). Somatic experiencing: using interoception and proprioception as core elements of trauma therapy. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 93. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00093
  • Shapiro, L. (2020). The somatic therapy workbook: Stress-relieving exercises for strengthening the mind-body connection and sparking emotional and physical healing. Ulysses Press.
  • Taylor, P. J., & Saint-Laurent, R. (2017). Group psychotherapy informed by the principles of somatic experiencing: moving beyond trauma to embodied relationship. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 67(1), 171-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2016.1218282
  • van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: Mind, brain and body in the transformation of trauma. Penguin UK.
  • Vasquez, E. (2022). Healing from trauma: Engaging survivors of domestic violence in somatic experiencing group therapy (Publication No: 28968397) [Doctoral dissertation, Saint Mary's College of California]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
  • West, B. J. (2010). The wisdom of the body: A contemporary view. Frontiers in Physiology, 1, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2010.00001
  • Winblad, N. E., Changaris, M., & Stein, P. K. (2018). Effect of somatic experiencing resiliency-based trauma treatment training on quality of life and psychological health as potential markers of resilience in treating professionals. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 70. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00070

A Review Study on Somatic Experiencing: Theoretical Basis, Techniques and Group Counseling Practices

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 21 - 36, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46423/izujed.1249439

Abstract

The somatic experiencing theory has become increasingly important in recent years for psychological counseling practices. This theory emphasizes the importance of processing and regulating bodily emotions and sensations, particularly in the context of trauma. At the core of the theory is the recognition of the importance of somatic effects in trauma and the use of the body in their processing. Research has shown that somatic experiencing techniques can be effective in both individual and group counseling settings. This review examines the philosophy, techniques, and stages underlying the somatic experiencing theory in detail, with a particular focus on the advantages of using this theory in group counseling. Studies suggest that somatic experiencing techniques can be effective in a variety of situations, especially in the treatment of trauma. Therefore, psychological counseling practices based on somatic experiencing theory are increasingly being utilized as an important treatment method for mental health. As such, this review aims to examine the fundamentals of somatic experiencing theory, including its philosophy, techniques, and advantages of group counseling, to assist psychological counselors in understanding and developing their somatic experiencing skills.

References

  • Altınsoy, F. (2020). Travmatik deneyimi olan bireyler için bir travma sonrası büyüme modeli (Doktora tezi). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi/Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü, Eskişehir.
  • Badenoch, B., & Cox, P. (2011). Integrating interpersonal neurobiology with group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 60, 462–481. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.2010.60.4.462
  • Bolu, A., Erdem, M., & Öznur, T. (2014). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu. Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation, 8 (2).
  • Briere, J. N., & Scott, C. (2016). Travma terapisinin ilkeleri belirtiler, değerlendirme ve tedavi için bir kılavuz DSM-5 için güncellenmiş (B.D. Genç, Çev.). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Briggs, P. C., Hayes, S., & Changaris, M. (2018). Somatic Experiencing® informed therapeutic group for the care and treatment of biopsychosocial effects upon a gender diverse identity. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 53. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00053
  • Cardena, E., Maldonado, J. R., van der Hart, O., & Spiegel, D. (2009). Hypnosis. In D. Forbes, J. I. Bisson, C. M. Monson, & L. Berliner (Eds.), Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the international society for traumatic stress studies (pp. 427-458). Guilford Press.
  • Carleton, J. A. (2009, Ekim). Somatic treatment of attachment issues: Applying neuroscientific and experimental research to the clinical situation. Paper presented at the Canadian Society for Psychotherapy Research. http://www.jacquelineacarletonphd.com/text/pdfs/somatictreatmentofattachmentissues.pdf
  • Carleton, J. A., & Gabay, J. L. (2012). Somatic experiencing: A neuroscientific approach to attachment trauma. Annals of Psychotherapy & Integrative Health 15(1), 52-65.
  • Cohen, S. L. (2011). Coming to our senses: The application of somatic psychology to group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 61(3), 397–413. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.2011.61.3.396
  • Çolak, B., Kokurcan, A., & Özsan, H. H. (2010). DSM’ler boyunca travma kavramının seyri. Kriz dergisi, 18(3), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000322
  • Denninger, J. W. (2011). Group and the social brain: Speeding toward a neurobiological understanding of group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 60, 595–604
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2014). Afetler, krizler, travmalar ve travmatik stres tepkileri. Ö. Erdur-Baker & T. Doğan, (Der.), Afetler, krizler travmalar ve psikolojik yardım içinde (ss. 3-24). Türk PDR Derneği Yayınları.
  • Gendlin, E. T. (1981). Focusing. Bantam Books.
  • Gül, I. G., & Eryılmaz, G. (2015). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğunun nörobiyolojisi: Bir gözden geçirme. Klinik psikiyatri, 18, 71-79.
  • Gündüz, N. (2015). Travmatik stres ve beyin. Turkiye Klinikleri Psychiatry - Special Topics Journal, 8(1), 1-9.
  • Herbert, C. (2016). Travma sonrası psikolojik tepkileri anlamak. (N. Azizlerli ve R. Güneş, Çev.)Psikonet Yayınları.
  • Kocatürk, P. A. (2000). Strese cevap. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 53, 49-56.
  • Leitch, M. L., Vanslyke, J., & Allen, M. (2009). Somatic experiencing treatment with social service workers following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Social Work, 54(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/54.1.9
  • Levine, P. A. (2010a). Healing trauma: A pioneering program for restoring the wisdom of your body. Sounds True.
  • Levine, P. A. (2010b). In an unspoken voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness. North Atlantic Books.
  • Levine, P. (2015). Trauma and memory: Brain and body in a search for the living past: A practical guide for understanding and working withtraumatic memory (1st ed.). North Atlantic Books.
  • Levine, P. A., & Frederick, A. (1997). Waking the tiger: Healing trauma: The innate capacity to transform overwhelming experiences. North Atlantic Books.
  • Levine, P. A., Blakeslee, A., & Sylvae, J. (2018). Reintegrating fragmentation of the primitive self: Discussion of “somatic experiencing”. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 28(5), 620-628. https://doi.org/10.1080/10481885.2018.1506216
  • Levit, D. (2018). Somatic experiencing: In the realms of trauma and dissociation: What we can do, when what we do, is really not good enough. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 28(5), 586-601. https://doi.org/10.1080/10481885.2018.1506225
  • Lombardi, R. (2018). Beyond the Psychosexual: The body–mind relationship discussion of “Somatic Experiencing”. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 28(5), 629-639. https://doi.org/10.1080/10481885.2018.1506226
  • McEwen, B. S. (2003). Mood disorders and allostatic load. Biological Psychiatry, 54 (3), 200-207.
  • Ogden, P., Minton, K., & Pain, C. (2006). Trauma and the body: A sensorimotor approach to psychotherapy. WW Norton & Company.
  • Özer, Ö. (2016). Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu olan hastalarda talamus hacimleri ve klinik değişkenlerle ilişkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Fırat Üniversitesi.
  • Pai, A., Suris, A. M., & North, C. S. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, change, and conceptual considerations. Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7010007
  • Parlak, S. (2021). Somatik deneyimleme. N. Canel (Der.), Terapide yeni ufuklar içinde. Pinhan yayıncılık.
  • Payne, P., Levine, P. A., & Crane-Godreau, M. A. (2015). Somatic experiencing: using interoception and proprioception as core elements of trauma therapy. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 93. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00093
  • Shapiro, L. (2020). The somatic therapy workbook: Stress-relieving exercises for strengthening the mind-body connection and sparking emotional and physical healing. Ulysses Press.
  • Taylor, P. J., & Saint-Laurent, R. (2017). Group psychotherapy informed by the principles of somatic experiencing: moving beyond trauma to embodied relationship. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 67(1), 171-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2016.1218282
  • van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: Mind, brain and body in the transformation of trauma. Penguin UK.
  • Vasquez, E. (2022). Healing from trauma: Engaging survivors of domestic violence in somatic experiencing group therapy (Publication No: 28968397) [Doctoral dissertation, Saint Mary's College of California]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
  • West, B. J. (2010). The wisdom of the body: A contemporary view. Frontiers in Physiology, 1, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2010.00001
  • Winblad, N. E., Changaris, M., & Stein, P. K. (2018). Effect of somatic experiencing resiliency-based trauma treatment training on quality of life and psychological health as potential markers of resilience in treating professionals. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 70. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00070
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Deniz Erök Özkapu 0000-0002-6257-5788

Adem Semai Tuzcuoğlu 0000-0002-7846-4986

Early Pub Date May 29, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Submission Date February 9, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 9

Cite

APA Erök Özkapu, D., & Tuzcuoğlu, A. S. (2023). Somatik Deneyimleme Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması: Kuramsal Temel, Teknikler ve Grupla Psikolojik Danışma Uygulamaları. IZU Journal of Education, 5(9), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.46423/izujed.1249439