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The New Perspective Neuroprotective Effect Of Boric Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage On Synaptosome

Year 2018, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 28 - 33, 25.09.2018

Fatih Kar , Ceyhan Hacıoğlu Mete Özkoç Növber Üstünışık Arda Bütün Sema Uslu Güngör Kanbak

Abstract

In this study, the effects of ethanol toxicity (200 mM) in vitro and the application of boric acid (BA) (5, 10 and 25 mM) at different doses were investigated for potential protective and antioxidant roles on rat brain synaptosomes. Synaptosomes were used as a sample of five groups (control, ethanol, ethanol+5 mM BA, ethanol+10 mM BA, ethanol+25 mM BA), which include six samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO) levels and Catalase (CAT) activity were measured as oxidative stress markers in ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rat brain synaptosomes. The levels of MDA significantly increased in the ethanol-treated synaptosomal samples, as compared those in the control samples. However, the levels of MDA significantly decreased in the BA-treated groups having a greater effect with the highest concentration (25 mM) of BA used (P<0.05). The levels of MDA in the ethanol-treated + boric acid (25 mM) group were found to be significantly lower than in the ethanol-treated group (P<0.05). The CAT activities of the ethanol-treated group were higher than in control group, and the CAT activities of the BA (5 mM, 25 mM) groups were found to be close to that of the control groups (P<0.01). NO levels in ethanol-treated groups were slightly decreased as compared to control groups but not statistically significant. Nevertheless, NO levels in ethanol-treated +boric acid (25 mM) groups were increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, our data showed that BA treatment might be neuroprotective effective against ethanol-induced neurotoxicity as antioxidant properties.

Keywords

Boric Acid Ethanol Synaptosome Oxidative Stress Neuroprotective Effect

References

  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. 1995. The definition and measurement of antioxidants in biological systems. Free Radic Biol Med. Jan;18(1):125–126.
  • Harper C, Matsumoto I. 2005. Ethanol and brain damage. Curr Opin Pharmacol: vol. 5 (pg. 73-8).
  • Vaddi D. R, Pannuru P, Saradamma B, et al. 2017. Association between alcohol-induced oxidative stress and membrane properties in synaptosomes: A protective role of vitamin E. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 63: 60–65.
  • Gray E. G, Burgoyne R. D, Westrum L. E, et al. 1982. The enigma of microtubule coils in brain synaptosomes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 216: 385–396.
  • Boulton A. A, Baker G. B. 1985. Neuromethods 1: General Neurochemical Techniques. Clifton, NJ Humana.
  • Whittaker V. P, Michaleson I. A, Jeanette R. 1964. The separation of synaptic vesicles from nerve-ending particles (synaptosomes). The Biochemical Journal 90: 293–303.
  • Sun G.Y, Sun A.Y. 1985. Ethanol and membrane lipids. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res 9: 164–180.
  • Mayas M.D, Ramirez-Exposito M.J, Garcia, M.J. et al. 2002. Ethanol modifies differently aspartyl and glutamyl aminopeptidase activities in mouse frontal cortex synaptosomes. Brain Res. Bull 57: 195–203
  • Hernandez J.A, Lopez-Sanchez R.C, Rendon-Ramirez A. 2016. Lipids and oxidative stress associated with ethanol-induced neurological damage. Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev 1543809.
  • Zimatkin S.M, Dietrich R. A. 1997. Ethanol metabolism in the brain. Addiction Biology 2: 387–400.
  • Lieber C. S. 1999. Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS): The first 30 years (1968–1998). Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 23(6): 991–1007.
  • Liopo A, Chumukova O, Zavodnik I. et al. 2001. The response of the neuronal membrane to acetaldehyde treatment. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters 6: 265–269.
  • Pushpakiran G, Mahalakshmi K, Anuradha C. V. 2004. Taurine restores ethanol-induced depletion of antioxidants and attenuates oxidative stress in rat tissues. Amino Acids 27: 91–96.
  • Pastor R, Sanchıs-Segura C, Aragon C. M. G. 2002. Ethanolstimulated behaviour in mice is modulated by brain catalase activity and H2O2 rate of production. Psychopharmacology 165: 51–59.
  • Bora P. S, Lange L. G. 1993. Molecular mechanism of ethanol metabolism by human brain to fatty acid ethyl esters. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 17(1): 28–30.
  • Alirez M, Jelodar G, Niknam P. et al. 2011. Betaine prevents ethanol-induced oxidative stress and reduces total homocysteine in the rat cerebellum. J. Physiol. Biochem. 67: 605–612.
  • Nielsen FH. 2008. Is boron nutritionally relevant? Nutr Rev 66: 183‑191.
  • Hunt CD. 2005. Boron. In Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. 1st edition. Coates PM, Blackman MR, Cragg GM, Levine M, Moss J and White JD (eds). Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, pp55‑65.
  • Altieri S, Bortolussi S, Bruschi P. et al. 2008. Neutron autoradiography imaging of selective boron uptake in human metastatic tumours. Appl Radiat Isot 66: 1850‑1855.
  • Hunt CD, Idso JP. 1999. Dietary boron as a physiological regulatör of the normal inflammatory response: A review and current research progress. J Trace Elem Exp Med 12: 221‑233.
  • Ince S, Keles H, Erdogan M. et al. 2012. Protective effect of boric acid against carbon tetrachloride‑induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 35: 285‑292.
  • Kanbak G, Arslan O. C, Dokumacıoglu A. et al. 2008. Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on brain synaptosomes and protective role of betaine. Neurochemical Research, 33: 539–544.
  • Sogut I, Oglakci A, Kartkaya K. et al. 2015. Effect of boric acid on oxidative stress in rats with fetal alcohol syndrome. Exp Ther Med; 9(3): 1023-7.
  • Yenson M. 1982. Klinik biyokimya laboratuvar calısmaları (5th ed.). Istanbul: Istanbul University Press.
  • Cortas N. K, Wakid N. W. 1990. Determination of inorganic nitrate in serum and urine by a kinetic cadmium-reduction method. Clinical Chemistry, 36: 1440–1443.
  • Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Annals of Biochemistry, 95: 351- 358.
  • Beutler E. 1982. Catalase. In Red Cell Metabolism. A Manual of Biochemical Methods. 3rd edition. Grune and Stratton, New York, NY, pp105‑106.
  • Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein‑dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248‑254.
  • Borges C.R, Fernandes C.G, Zanatta Â. et al. 2005. Reactive nitrogen species mediate oxidative stress and astrogliosis provoked by in vivo administration of phytanic acid in cerebellum of adolescent rats: a potential contribuF.ting pathomechanism of cerebellar injury in peroxisomal disorders, Neuroscience 304: 122–132.
  • Calabrese V, Lodi R, Tonon C. et al. 2015. Oxidative stress: mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular stress response in Friedreich’s ataxia, J. Neurol. Sci. 233: 145–162.
  • Guo Z.H, Mattson M.P. 2002. Neurotrophic factors protect cortical synaptic terminals against amyloid and oxidative stress-induced impairment of glucose transport, glutamate transport and mitochondrial function, Cereb. Cortex 10: 50–57.
  • Prabakaran S, Swatton J.E, Ryan M.M. et al. 2004. Mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia: evidence for compromised brain metabolism and oxidative stress, Mol. Psychiatry 9: 684–697.
  • Reddy V.D, Padmavathi P, Hymavathi R. et al. 2014. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rat liver microsomes: protective effect of Emblica officinalis. Pathophysiology 21: 153–159.
  • Söğüt İ, Kanbak G. 2016. In Vitro Protective Effect of Betaine on Peroxidative Injury Caused By Ethanol and Aspirin Exposure on Rat Brain Synaptosomes Erciyes Med J; 38(4): 144-8.
  • Montoliu C, Vallés S, Renau-Piqueras J. et al. 1994. Ethanol-induced oxygen radical formation and lipid peroxidation in rat brain: effect of chronic alcohol consumption. J Neurochem; 63(5): 1855-62
  • Kasdallah-Grissa A, Mornagui B, Aouani E. et al. 2006. Protective effect of resveratrol on ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Alcohol Alcohol; 41(3): 236-9.
  • Smith AM, Zeve DR, Grisel JJ. et al. 2005. Neonatal alcohol exposure increases malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the developing cerebellum. Brain Res Dev Brain Res; 160(2): 231-8
  • Fotiou S, Fotiou D, Alamanou A. et al. 2010. Resveratrol activation of nitric oxide synthase in rabbit brain synaptosomes: singlet oxygen (O2) formation as a causative factor of neurotoxicity, In Vivo (Brooklyn) 24: 49–53.
  • Gilman C.P, Chan S.L, Guo Z. et al. 2003. p53 is present in synapses where it mediates mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic degeneration in response to DNA damage, and oxidative and excitotoxic insults, Neuromolecular. Med. 3: 159–172.
  • Choi S. J, Kim K. J, Cho H. S. et al. 2006. NMDA receptor-dependent inhibition of synaptic transmission by acute ethanol treatment in rat corticostriatal slices. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 10: 303–307, 2006.
  • Nielsen FH. 1991. Nutritional requirements for boron, silicon, vanadium, nickel, and arsenic: current knowledge and speculation. FASEB J 5: 2661‑2667.
  • Hunt CD. 1994. The biochemical effects of physiologic amounts of dietary boron in animal nutrition models. Environ Health Perspect 102 (Suppl 7): 35‑43.
  • Ince S, Kucukkurt I, Cigerci IH. et al. 2010. The effects of dietary boric acid and borax supplementation on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, and DNA damage in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 24: 161‑164
  • Weir RJ, Fisher RS. 1972. Toxicologic studies on borax and boric acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 23: 351‑364.
  • Deitrich R.A, Zimatkin S.M, Pronko S. 2006. Oxidation of ethanol in the brain and its consequences, Alcohol. Res. Health, 29 (4), 266–273.
  • Zimatkin SM, Dietrich RA. 1997 Ethanol metabolism in the brain. Addict Biol; 2(4): 387 400.
  • Brocardo PS, Gil‑Mohapel J, Christie BR. 2011. The role of oxidative stress in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Brain Res Rev 67: 209‑225.
  • Shaista C, Suhel P. 2017. Phytanic acid induced neurological alterations in rat brain synaptosomes and its attenuation by melatonin. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 95: 37
  • Turkez H, Geyikoğlu F, Tatar A. et al. 2007. Effects of some boron compounds on peripheral human blood. Z Naturforsch C 62: 889‑896.
  • Syapin P. J. 1998. Alcohol and nitric oxide production by cells of the brain. Alcohol, 16(2): 159–165.
  • Booth R. F. G, Clark J. B. 1978. A rapid method for the preparation of relatively pure metabolically competent synaptosomes from rat brain,” Biochemical Journal, vol. 176, no. 2, pp. 365– 370.
  • Turkez H, Tatar A, Hacimuftuoglu A. et al. 2010. Boric acid as a protector against paclitaxel genotoxicity. Acta Biochim Pol. 57(1):95–97.
  • Lara Pizzorno. ‘’Nothing Boring About Boron’’ Integrative Medicine. Vol. 14, No. 4, August 2015

Year 2018, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 28 - 33, 25.09.2018

Fatih Kar , Ceyhan Hacıoğlu Mete Özkoç Növber Üstünışık Arda Bütün Sema Uslu Güngör Kanbak

Abstract

References

  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. 1995. The definition and measurement of antioxidants in biological systems. Free Radic Biol Med. Jan;18(1):125–126.
  • Harper C, Matsumoto I. 2005. Ethanol and brain damage. Curr Opin Pharmacol: vol. 5 (pg. 73-8).
  • Vaddi D. R, Pannuru P, Saradamma B, et al. 2017. Association between alcohol-induced oxidative stress and membrane properties in synaptosomes: A protective role of vitamin E. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 63: 60–65.
  • Gray E. G, Burgoyne R. D, Westrum L. E, et al. 1982. The enigma of microtubule coils in brain synaptosomes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 216: 385–396.
  • Boulton A. A, Baker G. B. 1985. Neuromethods 1: General Neurochemical Techniques. Clifton, NJ Humana.
  • Whittaker V. P, Michaleson I. A, Jeanette R. 1964. The separation of synaptic vesicles from nerve-ending particles (synaptosomes). The Biochemical Journal 90: 293–303.
  • Sun G.Y, Sun A.Y. 1985. Ethanol and membrane lipids. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res 9: 164–180.
  • Mayas M.D, Ramirez-Exposito M.J, Garcia, M.J. et al. 2002. Ethanol modifies differently aspartyl and glutamyl aminopeptidase activities in mouse frontal cortex synaptosomes. Brain Res. Bull 57: 195–203
  • Hernandez J.A, Lopez-Sanchez R.C, Rendon-Ramirez A. 2016. Lipids and oxidative stress associated with ethanol-induced neurological damage. Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev 1543809.
  • Zimatkin S.M, Dietrich R. A. 1997. Ethanol metabolism in the brain. Addiction Biology 2: 387–400.
  • Lieber C. S. 1999. Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS): The first 30 years (1968–1998). Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 23(6): 991–1007.
  • Liopo A, Chumukova O, Zavodnik I. et al. 2001. The response of the neuronal membrane to acetaldehyde treatment. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters 6: 265–269.
  • Pushpakiran G, Mahalakshmi K, Anuradha C. V. 2004. Taurine restores ethanol-induced depletion of antioxidants and attenuates oxidative stress in rat tissues. Amino Acids 27: 91–96.
  • Pastor R, Sanchıs-Segura C, Aragon C. M. G. 2002. Ethanolstimulated behaviour in mice is modulated by brain catalase activity and H2O2 rate of production. Psychopharmacology 165: 51–59.
  • Bora P. S, Lange L. G. 1993. Molecular mechanism of ethanol metabolism by human brain to fatty acid ethyl esters. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 17(1): 28–30.
  • Alirez M, Jelodar G, Niknam P. et al. 2011. Betaine prevents ethanol-induced oxidative stress and reduces total homocysteine in the rat cerebellum. J. Physiol. Biochem. 67: 605–612.
  • Nielsen FH. 2008. Is boron nutritionally relevant? Nutr Rev 66: 183‑191.
  • Hunt CD. 2005. Boron. In Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. 1st edition. Coates PM, Blackman MR, Cragg GM, Levine M, Moss J and White JD (eds). Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, pp55‑65.
  • Altieri S, Bortolussi S, Bruschi P. et al. 2008. Neutron autoradiography imaging of selective boron uptake in human metastatic tumours. Appl Radiat Isot 66: 1850‑1855.
  • Hunt CD, Idso JP. 1999. Dietary boron as a physiological regulatör of the normal inflammatory response: A review and current research progress. J Trace Elem Exp Med 12: 221‑233.
  • Ince S, Keles H, Erdogan M. et al. 2012. Protective effect of boric acid against carbon tetrachloride‑induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 35: 285‑292.
  • Kanbak G, Arslan O. C, Dokumacıoglu A. et al. 2008. Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on brain synaptosomes and protective role of betaine. Neurochemical Research, 33: 539–544.
  • Sogut I, Oglakci A, Kartkaya K. et al. 2015. Effect of boric acid on oxidative stress in rats with fetal alcohol syndrome. Exp Ther Med; 9(3): 1023-7.
  • Yenson M. 1982. Klinik biyokimya laboratuvar calısmaları (5th ed.). Istanbul: Istanbul University Press.
  • Cortas N. K, Wakid N. W. 1990. Determination of inorganic nitrate in serum and urine by a kinetic cadmium-reduction method. Clinical Chemistry, 36: 1440–1443.
  • Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Annals of Biochemistry, 95: 351- 358.
  • Beutler E. 1982. Catalase. In Red Cell Metabolism. A Manual of Biochemical Methods. 3rd edition. Grune and Stratton, New York, NY, pp105‑106.
  • Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein‑dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248‑254.
  • Borges C.R, Fernandes C.G, Zanatta Â. et al. 2005. Reactive nitrogen species mediate oxidative stress and astrogliosis provoked by in vivo administration of phytanic acid in cerebellum of adolescent rats: a potential contribuF.ting pathomechanism of cerebellar injury in peroxisomal disorders, Neuroscience 304: 122–132.
  • Calabrese V, Lodi R, Tonon C. et al. 2015. Oxidative stress: mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular stress response in Friedreich’s ataxia, J. Neurol. Sci. 233: 145–162.
  • Guo Z.H, Mattson M.P. 2002. Neurotrophic factors protect cortical synaptic terminals against amyloid and oxidative stress-induced impairment of glucose transport, glutamate transport and mitochondrial function, Cereb. Cortex 10: 50–57.
  • Prabakaran S, Swatton J.E, Ryan M.M. et al. 2004. Mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia: evidence for compromised brain metabolism and oxidative stress, Mol. Psychiatry 9: 684–697.
  • Reddy V.D, Padmavathi P, Hymavathi R. et al. 2014. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rat liver microsomes: protective effect of Emblica officinalis. Pathophysiology 21: 153–159.
  • Söğüt İ, Kanbak G. 2016. In Vitro Protective Effect of Betaine on Peroxidative Injury Caused By Ethanol and Aspirin Exposure on Rat Brain Synaptosomes Erciyes Med J; 38(4): 144-8.
  • Montoliu C, Vallés S, Renau-Piqueras J. et al. 1994. Ethanol-induced oxygen radical formation and lipid peroxidation in rat brain: effect of chronic alcohol consumption. J Neurochem; 63(5): 1855-62
  • Kasdallah-Grissa A, Mornagui B, Aouani E. et al. 2006. Protective effect of resveratrol on ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Alcohol Alcohol; 41(3): 236-9.
  • Smith AM, Zeve DR, Grisel JJ. et al. 2005. Neonatal alcohol exposure increases malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the developing cerebellum. Brain Res Dev Brain Res; 160(2): 231-8
  • Fotiou S, Fotiou D, Alamanou A. et al. 2010. Resveratrol activation of nitric oxide synthase in rabbit brain synaptosomes: singlet oxygen (O2) formation as a causative factor of neurotoxicity, In Vivo (Brooklyn) 24: 49–53.
  • Gilman C.P, Chan S.L, Guo Z. et al. 2003. p53 is present in synapses where it mediates mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic degeneration in response to DNA damage, and oxidative and excitotoxic insults, Neuromolecular. Med. 3: 159–172.
  • Choi S. J, Kim K. J, Cho H. S. et al. 2006. NMDA receptor-dependent inhibition of synaptic transmission by acute ethanol treatment in rat corticostriatal slices. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 10: 303–307, 2006.
  • Nielsen FH. 1991. Nutritional requirements for boron, silicon, vanadium, nickel, and arsenic: current knowledge and speculation. FASEB J 5: 2661‑2667.
  • Hunt CD. 1994. The biochemical effects of physiologic amounts of dietary boron in animal nutrition models. Environ Health Perspect 102 (Suppl 7): 35‑43.
  • Ince S, Kucukkurt I, Cigerci IH. et al. 2010. The effects of dietary boric acid and borax supplementation on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, and DNA damage in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 24: 161‑164
  • Weir RJ, Fisher RS. 1972. Toxicologic studies on borax and boric acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 23: 351‑364.
  • Deitrich R.A, Zimatkin S.M, Pronko S. 2006. Oxidation of ethanol in the brain and its consequences, Alcohol. Res. Health, 29 (4), 266–273.
  • Zimatkin SM, Dietrich RA. 1997 Ethanol metabolism in the brain. Addict Biol; 2(4): 387 400.
  • Brocardo PS, Gil‑Mohapel J, Christie BR. 2011. The role of oxidative stress in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Brain Res Rev 67: 209‑225.
  • Shaista C, Suhel P. 2017. Phytanic acid induced neurological alterations in rat brain synaptosomes and its attenuation by melatonin. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 95: 37
  • Turkez H, Geyikoğlu F, Tatar A. et al. 2007. Effects of some boron compounds on peripheral human blood. Z Naturforsch C 62: 889‑896.
  • Syapin P. J. 1998. Alcohol and nitric oxide production by cells of the brain. Alcohol, 16(2): 159–165.
  • Booth R. F. G, Clark J. B. 1978. A rapid method for the preparation of relatively pure metabolically competent synaptosomes from rat brain,” Biochemical Journal, vol. 176, no. 2, pp. 365– 370.
  • Turkez H, Tatar A, Hacimuftuoglu A. et al. 2010. Boric acid as a protector against paclitaxel genotoxicity. Acta Biochim Pol. 57(1):95–97.
  • Lara Pizzorno. ‘’Nothing Boring About Boron’’ Integrative Medicine. Vol. 14, No. 4, August 2015
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatih Kar

Ceyhan Hacıoğlu This is me

Mete Özkoç This is me

Növber Üstünışık This is me

Arda Bütün This is me

Sema Uslu This is me

Güngör Kanbak This is me

Publication Date September 25, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kar, F., Hacıoğlu, C., Özkoç, M., Üstünışık, N., et al. (2018). The New Perspective Neuroprotective Effect Of Boric Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage On Synaptosome. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 12(2), 28-33.
AMA Kar F, Hacıoğlu C, Özkoç M, Üstünışık N, Bütün A, Uslu S, Kanbak G. The New Perspective Neuroprotective Effect Of Boric Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage On Synaptosome. J.appl.biol.sci. September 2018;12(2):28-33.
Chicago Kar, Fatih, Ceyhan Hacıoğlu, Mete Özkoç, Növber Üstünışık, Arda Bütün, Sema Uslu, and Güngör Kanbak. “The New Perspective Neuroprotective Effect Of Boric Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage On Synaptosome”. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 12, no. 2 (September 2018): 28-33.
EndNote Kar F, Hacıoğlu C, Özkoç M, Üstünışık N, Bütün A, Uslu S, Kanbak G (September 1, 2018) The New Perspective Neuroprotective Effect Of Boric Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage On Synaptosome. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 12 2 28–33.
IEEE F. Kar, C. Hacıoğlu, M. Özkoç, N. Üstünışık, A. Bütün, S. Uslu, and G. Kanbak, “The New Perspective Neuroprotective Effect Of Boric Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage On Synaptosome”, J.appl.biol.sci., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 28–33, 2018.
ISNAD Kar, Fatih et al. “The New Perspective Neuroprotective Effect Of Boric Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage On Synaptosome”. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 12/2 (September 2018), 28-33.
JAMA Kar F, Hacıoğlu C, Özkoç M, Üstünışık N, Bütün A, Uslu S, Kanbak G. The New Perspective Neuroprotective Effect Of Boric Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage On Synaptosome. J.appl.biol.sci. 2018;12:28–33.
MLA Kar, Fatih et al. “The New Perspective Neuroprotective Effect Of Boric Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage On Synaptosome”. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, vol. 12, no. 2, 2018, pp. 28-33.
Vancouver Kar F, Hacıoğlu C, Özkoç M, Üstünışık N, Bütün A, Uslu S, Kanbak G. The New Perspective Neuroprotective Effect Of Boric Acid Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage On Synaptosome. J.appl.biol.sci. 2018;12(2):28-33.