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Talcott Parsons’un Sosyal Teorilerinde Din

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 256 - 265, 15.06.2021

Abstract

Talcott Parsons, Amerikan Sosyolojisinin en önemli temsilcisi ve kurucularından biridir. Kendisini ‘tedavi edilemez bir teorisyen’ olarak tanımlayan Parsons’un yaşam boyu süren gayreti, her şeyi kucaklayan genel bir eylem teorisinin inşasına yönelik olmuştur. Parsons, kariyeri boyunca dine karşı profesyonel bir ilgi göstermiştir. Bazı eleştirmenleri 1950'lerde çalışmalarının ana vurgusunun pozitivist bir önyargı ortaya çıkaracak şekilde değiştiğini ileri sürmüştür. Bununla birlikte Parsons, tam anlamıyla 'pozivitist' olarak nitelenebilecek bir sosyolog da değildir. Gerçekte Parsons, eğer din ve toplum diye bir 'denklem' kabul edilecek olursa onu ‘dinin sosyal bir olgu’ olduğu şeklinde değil, 'toplumun dini bir olgu' olduğu şeklinde ifade etmek gerektiğinde ısrar etmiştir. 'Din' kavramını oldukça genişletmiş, 'nihai değerler sağlayan' her şeyin 'din' olarak kabul edilebileceğini savunmuştur. Yeni gelişen sibernetik modeller üzerinden toplumu ve en önemli toplumsal olgulardan biri olan 'dini' inceleyen Parsons, dine yönelik multidisipliner yaklaşıma saygı duymuş ve onaylamıştır. Din tarihini evrim ve farklılaşma açısından izleyen Parsons, dinin evrimini, dinin giderek yaşamın diğer alanlarından ayrılması ve gittikçe özerk hale gelmesi süreci olarak tanımlamıştır.



References

  • Bellah, R. N. (1985). Tokugawa Religion: The Cultural Roots of Modern Japan. New York: Macmillian Press.
  • Bellah, R. N. (1970). ‘Sociology of Religion', International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, C. 13.
  • Cohen, M. B. (1946). The Faith of a Liberal. New York.
  • Cutler, D. R. (1969). The World rear Book of Religion: The Religious Situation, C. 1, sf. 688-694.
  • Deutsch, K. W. (1963). The Nerves of Government: Models of Political Community and Control.
  • Farmer, H. H. (1963). The World and God. Londra: Fontana.
  • Galloway, A. D. (1967). Faith in a Changing Culture. Londra.
  • Hick, J. (1963). ’Grounds for Disbelief in God': Philosophy of Religion.
  • Mews, S. (1975). Religion in the social theories of Talcott Parsons, Religion, 5:1, 69-77.
  • Nettl, J. P. & Robertson, R. (1963). International Systems and the Modernization of Societies. Londra.
  • Parsons, T. (1934). ‘The Place of Ultimate Values in Sociological Theory', International Journal of Ethics (şimdi Ethics), 45.
  • Parsons, T. (1937). The Structure ofSocial Action. New York.
  • Parsons, T. (1944). ‘The Theoretical Development of the Sociology of Religion', Essays in Sociological Theory.
  • Parsons, T. (1951). Towards a General Theory of Action. (ed. Edward A. Shils). New York: Routledge.
  • Parsons, T. (1963). ‘Christianity and Modern Industrial Society', Sociological Theory, Values, and Socio-Cultural Change.
  • Parsons, T. (1966). Societies, Evolutionary and Comparative Perspectives. New York: Prentice-Hall.
  • Parsons, T. (1968). ’Emile Durkheim', International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, C. 4.
  • Parsons, T. (1970). ’Theory in the Humanities and Sociology', Daedalus, Bahar, sf. 498f.
  • Scott, J. F. (1963). ‘The Changing Foundations of the Parsonian Action Scheme', American Sociological Review.

Religion in the Social Theories of Talcott Parsons

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 256 - 265, 15.06.2021

Abstract

Talcott Parsons is one of the most important representatives and founders of American Sociology. Described himself as an `incurable theorist' Parsons' lifelong endeavour has been the construction of a general all-embracing theory of human action. Throughout his career, Parsons has taken a professional interest in religion. Some of his critics have suggested that in the 1950s the main emphasis of his work shifted so as to reveal a positivistic bias. However, Parsons is not exactly a sociologist who can be described as a 'positivist'. Indeed Parsons insists that if the equation of religion and society is to be accepted at all the significant way of putting it is not "religion is a social phenomenon" so much as "society is a religious phenomenon".
He greatly expanded the concept of 'religion' and argued that anything that 'provides ultimate values' can be considered 'religion'. Analyzing society and 'religion', one of the most important social phenomena, through emerging cybernetic models, Parsons has recently paid tribute to the multi-disciplinary approach to religion. Following the history of religion in terms of evolution and differentiation, Parsons defined the evolution of religion as the process of religion gradually separating from other areas of life and becoming increasingly autonomous.

References

  • Bellah, R. N. (1985). Tokugawa Religion: The Cultural Roots of Modern Japan. New York: Macmillian Press.
  • Bellah, R. N. (1970). ‘Sociology of Religion', International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, C. 13.
  • Cohen, M. B. (1946). The Faith of a Liberal. New York.
  • Cutler, D. R. (1969). The World rear Book of Religion: The Religious Situation, C. 1, sf. 688-694.
  • Deutsch, K. W. (1963). The Nerves of Government: Models of Political Community and Control.
  • Farmer, H. H. (1963). The World and God. Londra: Fontana.
  • Galloway, A. D. (1967). Faith in a Changing Culture. Londra.
  • Hick, J. (1963). ’Grounds for Disbelief in God': Philosophy of Religion.
  • Mews, S. (1975). Religion in the social theories of Talcott Parsons, Religion, 5:1, 69-77.
  • Nettl, J. P. & Robertson, R. (1963). International Systems and the Modernization of Societies. Londra.
  • Parsons, T. (1934). ‘The Place of Ultimate Values in Sociological Theory', International Journal of Ethics (şimdi Ethics), 45.
  • Parsons, T. (1937). The Structure ofSocial Action. New York.
  • Parsons, T. (1944). ‘The Theoretical Development of the Sociology of Religion', Essays in Sociological Theory.
  • Parsons, T. (1951). Towards a General Theory of Action. (ed. Edward A. Shils). New York: Routledge.
  • Parsons, T. (1963). ‘Christianity and Modern Industrial Society', Sociological Theory, Values, and Socio-Cultural Change.
  • Parsons, T. (1966). Societies, Evolutionary and Comparative Perspectives. New York: Prentice-Hall.
  • Parsons, T. (1968). ’Emile Durkheim', International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, C. 4.
  • Parsons, T. (1970). ’Theory in the Humanities and Sociology', Daedalus, Bahar, sf. 498f.
  • Scott, J. F. (1963). ‘The Changing Foundations of the Parsonian Action Scheme', American Sociological Review.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Peer-reviewed Translated Articles
Authors

Stuart Mews This is me

Translators

Abdullah Yargı

Publication Date June 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

ISNAD Mews, Stuart. “Talcott Parsons’un Sosyal Teorilerinde Din”. Journal of Analytic Divinity. Abdullah YargıTrans 5/2 (June 2021), 256-265.

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