Morphometric Analysis of Sagittal Otoliths in Coruh Trout (Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 270 - 277, 30.06.2021

Recep Yıldız Savaş Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.913183

Cited By: 1

Öz

The Coruh trout (Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010) is a freshwater fish species endemic to Turkey. This study describes the allometric relationships between sagittal otolith (sagitta) measurements and total length (TL) of the Coruh trout collected from the Çam stream (Artvin, Turkey), and the length-weight relationship. A total of 82 individuals were caught with an electroshock device between May 2017 and April 2018. The length (LO), height (HO), weight (WO), perimeter (PO), and area (AO) of the otolith were recorded for each specimen. Shape indices such as shape factor, aspect ratio, circularity, roundness, rectangularity, ellipticity, surface density were calculated using these otolith measurements. Relationships between otolith variables and the somatic growth of fish were defined by the curvilinear function (power model). An analysis of covariance revealed that these relationships did not differ between the left and right sides, and between females and males. All regressions were highly significant (P < 0.001) and mean percent prediction error values were less than 7 %. The relationships of LO, HO, WO, and PO against TL were negative allometric, while the TL-AO relationship was positive allometric. In the analysis of relationships between the otolith shape indices and TL, the values of form factor, roundness, and rectangularity indices decreased with fish somatic growth. In contrast, the circularity and surface density indices increased with fish body length. The length-weight relationship was obtained as W = 0.0155*TL2.87 for overall samples. The difference between the slopes of LWRs of females and males was found insignificant. This study provides the first comprehensive data on the sagittal otolith morphometry of S. coruhensis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

length-weight relationship, otolith morphometry, Salmo coruhensis, shape index

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank Enes HANÇER and Aykut AYDIN for their assistance in sampling and laboratory processes.

Çoruh Alabalığı (Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010)’nda Sagittal Otolitlerin Morfometrik Analizi

Öz

Çoruh Alabalığı (Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010), Türkiye’ye endemik bir tatlısu balık türüdür. Bu çalışma, Çam Deresi (Artvin, Türkiye)’nden toplanan S. coruhensis’in total boyu ile sagittal otolit (sagitta) ölçümleri arasındaki allometrik ilişkileri ve boy-ağırlık ilişkisini tanımlar. Mayıs 2017 ve Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasında elektroşok cihazı ile toplam 82 birey yakalandı. Her bir örnek için otolitin boyu (LO), yüksekliği (HO), ağırlığı (WO), çevresi (PO) ve alanı (AO) kaydedildi. Otolit ölçümleri kullanılarak şekil faktörü, boy-yükseklik oranı, dairesellik, yuvarlaklık, dikdörtgensellik, ovallik, yüzey yoğunluğu gibi şekil indeksleri hesaplandı. Otolit değişkenleri ile balık somatik büyümesi arasındaki ilişkiler eğrisel fonksiyonla (power model) tanımlandı. Kovaryans analizi, bu ilişkilerin sol-sağ bölge ve dişi-erkek bireyler arasında farklılık göstermediğini ortaya çıkardı. Tüm ilişkiler oldukça önemliydi (P < 0,001) ve ortalama yüzde tahmin hatası değerleri %7’den azdı. TL-LO, TL-HO, TL-WO ve TL-PO ilişkileri negatif allometrik iken TL-AO ilişkisi pozitif allometrik çıktı. Otolit şekil indeksleri ile balık boyu arasındaki ilişkiler analiz edildiğinde; şekil faktörü, yuvarlaklık ve dikdörtgensellik indeksi değerleri balık somatik büyümesi ile azaldı. Buna karşılık dairesellik ve yüzey yoğunluğu indeksi değerleri balık vücut uzunluğu ile arttı. Tüm bireyler için boy-ağırlık ilişkisi W = 0,0155*TL2.87 olarak elde edildi. Dişi ve erkeklerin boy-ağırlık ilişkilerinin b parametresi arasındaki fark önemsiz bulundu. Bu çalışma, S. coruhensis’in sagittal otolit morfometrisi hakkında ilk kapsamlı verileri sağlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

boy-ağırlık ilişkisi, otolit morfometrisi, Salmo coruhensis, şekil indeksi

Kaynakça

• Altin, A. & Ayyildiz, H. (2018). Relationships between total length and otolith measurements for 36 fish species from Gökçeada Island, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 34(1), 136-141. Doi: 10.1111/jai.13509
• Anonymous, (2017). Artvin Hopa-Kemalpaşa Çam Deresi Kemer Köprü ve Islahı Raporu. T. C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü 26. Bölge Müdürlüğü, Artvin.
• Bagenal, T.B. & Tesch, F.W. (1978). Age and growth, In: Bagenal, T. (ed.), Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwaters, 101-136p, Blackwell Science Publications, Oxford, UK.
• Bal, H., Türker, D. & Zengin, K. (2018). Morphological characteristics of otolith for four fish species in the Edremit Gulf, Aegean Sea, Turkey. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 5(4), 303-311. Doi: 10.22034/iji.v5i4.312
• Bani, A., Poursaeid, S. & Tuset, V.M. (2013). Comparative morphology of the sagittal otolith in three species of South Caspian gobies. Journal of Fish Biology, 82, 1321-1332. Doi: 10.1111/jfb.12073
• Battaglia, P., Malara, D., Ammendolia, G., Romeo, T. & Andaloro, F. (2015). Relationships between otolith size and fish lenght in some mesopelagic teleosts (Myctophidae, Paralepididae, Phosichthyidae and Stomiidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 87, 774-782. Doi: 10.1111/jfb.12744
• Bostancı, D., Polat, N., Kurucu, G., Yedier, S., Kontaş, S. & Darçin, M. (2015). Using otolith shape and morphometry to identify four Alburnus species (A. chalcoides, A. escherichii, A. mossulensis and A. tarichi) in Turkish inland waters. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 31(6), 1013-1022. Doi: 10.1111/jai.12860
• Bostancı, D., Yedier, S., Kontaş, S., Kurucu, G. & Polat, N. (2017). Regional variation of relationship between total length and otolith sizes in the three Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 populations, Turkey. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 34(1), 11-16. Doi: 10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.1.02
• Campana, S.E. (2004). Photographic atlas of fish otoliths of the Nortwest Atlantic Ocean. NRC Research Press, Canada, 284p.
• Çiçek, E., Sungur, S. & Fricke, R. (2020). Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Turkey; a revised and updated annotated checklist. Zootaxa, 4809(2), 241-270.
• Daban, İ.B., İhsanoglu, M.A. & İşmen, A. (2020). Relationships between body size-otolith size for seven demersal fish species from the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(3), 267-274. Doi: 10.12714./egejfas.37.3.09
• Deepa, K.P., Kumar, K.A., Kottnis, O., Nikki, R., Bineesh, K.K., Hashim, M., Saravanane, N. & Sudhakar, M. (2019). Population variations of Opal fish, Bembrops caudimacula Steindachner, 1876 from Arabian Sea and Andaman Sea: Evidence from otolith morphometry. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 25, 100466. Doi: 10.16/j.rsma.2018.100466
• Dehghani, M., Kamrani, E., Salarpouri, A. & Sharifian, S. (2016). Otolith dimensions (length, width), otolith weight and fish length of Sardinella sindensis (Day, 1878), as index for environmental studies, Persian Gulf, Iran. Marine Biodiversity Records, 9(44), 1-6. Doi: 10.1186/s41200-016-0039-0
• Dortbudak, M.Y. & Ozcan, G. (2019). Otolith-body length relationship of Abu Mullet (Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843)) in Tigris River, Şırnak, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(10), 7088-7091.
• Freyhof, J. (2019). Salmo coruhensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T19516809A19849589,Accessed:25.03.2021,https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T19516809A19849589.en.
• Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & Van der Laan, R. (2021). Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Accessed: 15. 03. 2021, http://reseacrharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp.
• Geldiay, R. & Balık, S. (2007). Türkiye tatlısu balıkları, 5. baskı, Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları, No:46, Bornova, İzmir, 644p.
• Harvey, J.T., Loughlin, T.R., Perez, M.A. & Oxman, D.S. (2000). Relationship between fish size and otolith length for 63 species of fishes from the Eastern North Pacific Ocean (Report No. 150). NOAA Technical Report NMFS 150, U.S. Department of Commerce Seattle, Washington, 36p.
• He, T., Chen, C.J., Qin, J.G., Li, Y., Wu, R.H. & Gao, T.X. (2020). The use of otolith shape to identify stocks of Redlip Mullet, Liza haematocheilus. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 52(6), 2265-2273.
• Iranmanesh, M., Hesni, M.A. & Lashkari, M. (2020). Otolith measurements to estimate standard length of gobiid fish (Teleostei: Gobiiformes) from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 67(4), 138-142. Doi: 10.21077/ijf.2020.67.4.97732-16
• Jawad, L., Al-Mamry, J. & Al-Busaidi, H. (2011). Relationship between fish length and otolith length and width in the lutjanid fish, Lutjanus bengalensis (Lutjanidae) collected from Muscat City coast on the Sea of Oman. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 17(2), 116-126.
• Kanjuh, T., Mrdak, D., Piria, M., Tomljanovic, T., Joksimovic, A., Talevski, T. & Milosevic, D. (2018). Relationships of otolith dimension with body length of European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) from Adriatic catchment of Montenegro. Acta Adriatica, 59(1), 91-96. Doi:10.32582/aa.59.1.7
• Kumar, K. V., Deepa, K. P., Hashis, M., Vasu, C. & Sudhakar, M. (2017). Relationship between fish size and otolith size of four bathydemersal fish species from the South eastern Arabian Sea, India. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 33, 102-107. Doi:10.1111/jai.13250
• Lleonart, J., Salat, J. & Torres, G.J. (2000). Removing allometric effects of body size in morphological analysis. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 205, 85-93.
• Mazlum, R. E. & Turan, D. (2018). Length-weight relationship for twelve species of the genus Salmo L., 1758 (Actinopterygii: Salmonidae) from inland waters of Turkey. Acta Zoologica, 70(3), 407-413.
• Mérigot, B., Letourneur, Y. & Lecomte-Finiger, R. (2007). Characterization of local populations of the common sole Solea solea (Pisces, Solediae) in the NW Metiterranean through otolith morphometrics and shape analysis. Marine Biology, 151, 997-1008. doi:10.1007/s00227-006-0549-0
• Morley, S. & Belchier, M. (2002). Otolith and body size relationships in bigeye grenadier (Macrourus holotrachys) in Ccamlr Subarea 48.3. Ccamlr Science, 9, 133-143. Nelson, J. S. (2006). Fishes of the world (Fourth Edition). John Wiley and Sons, Incorporated, 601, Canada.
• Nguyen, T.H.D. & Dinh, Q.M. (2020). Otolith dimensions and their relationship with the size of Glossogobius sparsipapillus fish along the coastline of Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 24(2), 525-533.
• Okumuş, İ., Kurtoğlu, İ.Z. & Atasaral, Ş. (2006). General overview of Turkish sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations, In: Harris, G. and Milner, N. (eds.), Sea trout: biology, conservation and management, 1st ed., 115-127p, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK.
• Oliveira, R.R.de S., Andrade, M.C., Machado, F.S., Cunha, É.J.S., Freitas, F.S.de, Klautau, A.G.C. de M., Giarrizzo, T. & Saint-Paul, U. (2019). Biometric relationships between body size and otolith size in 15 demersal marine fish species from the northern Brazilian coast. Acta Amazonica, 49(4), 299-306.
• Pavlov, D. A. (2016). Differentiation of three species of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) based on otolith shape analysis. Journal of Ichtyology, 56(1), 37-51. doi:10.1134/S0032945216010094
• Pierce, G. J. & Boyle, P.R. (1991). A review of methods for diet analysis in piscivorous marine mammals. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 29, 409-486.
• Qamar, N., Panhwar, S.K., Awan, K.P. & Farooq, N. (2019). Numerical expressions of otolith shape and morphometric relationships for five fish species in tidal‐linked lagoons in the northern Arabian Sea. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 24(4), 354-361. Doi. 10.1111/lre.12288
• Romero, M.A., Ruiz, N.S., Medina, A.I. & González, R.A. (2020). Biometric Relationships between Otolith and Fish Size of the Main Demersal Resources of North Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Ichthyology, 60(3), 411-421. Doi: 10.1134/S0032945220030157
• Saygın, S., Özpiçak, M., Yılmaz, S. & Polat, N. (2020). Otolith shape analysis and the relationships between otolith dimensions–total length of European Bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Cyprinidae) sampled from Samsun Province, Turkey. Journal of Ichthyology, 60(4), 570-577. doi: 10.1134/S0032945220040190.
• Smith, R.J. (1980). Rethinking allometry. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 87, 97-111.
• Turan, D. & Bayçelebi, E. (2020). First record of Salmo pelagonicus Karaman, 1938 (Teleostei: Salmonidae) in the Karamenderes River, Turkey. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(4), 551-555. Doi: https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.777776
• Turan, D., Kottelat, M. & Engin, S. (2009). Two new species of trouts, resident and migratory, sympatric in streams of northern Anatolia (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 20(4), 333-364.
• Turan, D., Kalaycι, G., Bektaş, Y., Kaya, C. & Baycelebi, E. (2020). A new species of trout from the northern drainages of Euphrates River, Turkey (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 96(6), 1454-1462. Doi: 10.1111/jfb.14321
• Uyan, U., Jawad, L.A., Filiz, H., Tarkan, A.S. & Çelik, M. (2019). Fish length and otolith size of in Nemipterus randalli Russel, 1986 (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Nemipteridae) collected from Gökova Bay, Turkey. Thalassia Salentina, 41, 137-146.
• Verep, B., Turan, D., Bilgin, S., Terzi, E., Kaya, C. & Mutlu, T. (2016). Rize akarsu havzalarında doğal alabalık stoklarının bolluğu, antropojenik süreçler ve hidro- elektrik santrallerle etkileşimleri. Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 56-63.
• Yazıcı, R., Yazıcıoğlu, O. & Yılmaz, M. (2020). Otolith morphometry of wels catfish, Silurus glanis L., 1758. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 6(3), 215-222. doi: 10.17216/limnofish.717925.
• Yılmaz, S., Yazıcıoğlu, O., Saygın (Ayaydın), S. & Polat, N. (2014). Relationships of the otolith dimensions with body length of European perch, Perca fluviatilis L., 1758 from Lake Ladik, Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 46(5), 1231-1238.
• Yılmaz, S., Yazıcıoğlu, O., Yazıcı, R. & Polat, N. (2015). Relationships between fish length and otolith size for five cyprinid species from Lake Ladik, Samsun, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39(3), 438-446. doi: 10.3906/zoo-1403-58.
• Yılmaz, S., Emiroğlu, Ö., Aksu, S., Başkurt, S. & Polat, N. (2019). Relationships between otolith dimensions and body growth of North African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the upper basin of the Sakarya River, Turkey. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 77(1), 57-62. doi: 10.2478/cjf-2019-0006.
• Zar, J.H. (1999). Biostatiscal analysis (Third Edition), Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 663p.
• Zischke, M.T., Litherland, L., Tilyard, B.R., Stratford, N.J., Jones, E.L. & Wang, Y.G. (2016). Otolith morphology of four mackerel species (Scomberomorus spp.) in Australia: Species differentiation and prediction for fisheries monitoring and assessment. Fisheries Research, 176, 39-47.
• Zorica, B., Sinovčič, G. & Čikeš Keč, V. (2010). Preliminary data on the study of otolith morphology of five pelagic fish species from the Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 51(1), 89-96.