The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 382 - 389, 28.09.2021

Hakan Işık , Tamer Akkan

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.960110

Cited By: 3

Abstract

In this study is to determine the current heavy metal and antibiotic resistance levels of isolates taken from the Gelevera Creek (Giresun). For this purpose, surface water and sediment were collected monthly from four different stations starting from April 2017 and ending in March 2018. After the Gr (-) and Gr (+) bacteria isolation in selective media, the 325 isolated were tested for their resistance against 4 different heavy metals. The resistance levels of these 325 bacteria against to cadmium, copper, lead and manganese heavy metals were detected respectively as 89.0%, 60.16%, 33.0%, 29.8% (Cd > Cu > Pb > Mn). The 82 isolates with high resistance against heavy metals in each station were also tested for their resistance against antibiotics. The levels of resistance against antibiotics of these isolated strains were found respectively as follows: cefazolin: 69.6%, cefuroxime: 59.4%, nalidixic acid: 51.7%, ampicillin: 46.0%, cefotaxime: 39.1%, meropenem: 31.4%, amikacin: 21.7%, erythromycin: 13.0%, and chloramphenicol: 3.3%. In our study, two isolates with high antibiotic and heavy metal, using the Vitek-II Compact System were identified as Serratia marcenscens (99%) and Enterococcus avium (91%). Furthermore, the multiple antibiotic resistance levels (MAR) of all isolates are 80,5%. The results indicate that the isolates taken from the Gelevera Creek (Giresun) were found to be extremely resistant against commercially used antibiotics and heavy metals, and this shows that there is antibiotic and heavy metal contamination in drinking water reserves.

Keywords

Antibiotic, Heavy Metal, Resistance

Su Kaynaklarında Antibiyotik ve Ağır Metal Direncinin Küresel Sorunu, Gelevera Deresi’nin İncelemesi (Giresun, Türkiye)

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Gelevera Deresi (Giresun)'nden izole edilen bakterilerin mevcut antibiyotik ve ağır metal direnç düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Gelevera Deresi'ndeki dört istasyondan alınan yüzey suyu ve sediment örnekleri Nisan 2017-Mart 2018’a kadar aylık olarak toplanmıştır. Seçici bir şekilde Gr (-) ve Gr (+) bakteri izolasyonun ardından izole edilmiş olan 325 bakterinin 4 farklı ağır metale karşı direnç düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Toplam izole edilen 325 bakterinin kadminyum, bakır, kurşun ve manganez ağır metallerine direnç düzeyleri % ifadesiyle sırasıyla; %89,0, %60,16, %33,0, %29,8 (Cd >Cu >Pb >Mn) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Her bir istasyonda ağır metal direnç düzeyleri yüksek olan izolatların ilaveten antibiyotik direnç düzeyleri de saptanmıştır. İzole edilen bu suşların antibiyotik direnç düzeyleri sırasıyla; sefazolin: %69,6, sefuroksim: %59,4, nalidiksik asit: %51,7, amfisilin: %46,0, sefotaksim: %39,1, meropenem: %31,4, amikasin: %21,7, eritromisin: %13,0 ve kloramfenikol: %3,3 olarak saptanmıştır. Araştırmamızda antibiyotik ve ağır metal direnç düzeyi yüksek olan iki izolat Vitek-II Kompakt Sistem ile identifiye edilerek Serratia marcencens (%99) ve Enterococcus avium (%91) olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca yüzey suyu örneği izolatlarındaki çoklu antibiyotik direnç değeri (ÇAD) oranının %80,5’ olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada Gelevera Deresi (Giresun)'nden izole edilen izolatların ticari olarak kullanılan antibiyotiklere ve ağır metallere karşı yüksek düzeyde direnç gösterdiği ve bu durumun içme suyu kaynakları üzerinde antibiyotik ve ağır metal kirliliğinin olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Antibiyotik, Ağır Metal, Direnç

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