Case Report
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Disseminated Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium marinum in a Beauty Rat Snake (Elaphe taenuria): A Case Report

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 412 - 416, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1167009

Abstract

Reptiles are one of the popular companion animals today. The fact that they are ectothermic and require specific care conditions for a healthy life distinguishes these species from other popular species and also creates conditions for reptiles to be cared. When these conditions are not met, diseases can be seen because they cannot develop an adequate immune response. When reptiles have sufficient immune potential, they can carry mycobacteria in their organisms without being affected, so mycobacteriosis can develop in the face of unsuitable conditions, and as a result, they can shed high amounts of agents. Mycobacteriosis agents shed from the bodies of reptiles can survive in the environment for a long time due to their resistance to environmental conditions, and they can be found in living spaces, litters and equipment even if the infected animal is removed from the environment. During contact with reptiles with mycobacteriosis, habitat cleaning and maintenance, mycobacteriosis agents in animals and in the environment can be transmitted to humans through contact and mechanical carriers, and granulomatous lesions may develop in humans. Mycobacteriosis is a very important disease for human health as it is a zoonotic disease. Today, mycobacteriosis remains one of the important reptile diseases due to the lack of effective treatment in animals and the difficulty of antemortem diagnosis. In this article, a case of mycobacteriosis in a yellow rat snake presented. Post-mortem diagnostic methods for mycobacteriosis, histopathological examination method, isolation and identification of the agent is presented, different identification methods and what can be done for ante-mortem diagnosis are mentioned. Reptile mycobacteriosis agents, the predisposing factors, the development of the disease, the importance of reptile and human health were evaluated.

Supporting Institution

This article was not supported by any institution.

References

  • Ebani, V., V. (2017). Domestic reptiles as source of zoonotic bacteria: A mini review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 10(8), 723-728
  • Ebani, V. V., Fratini, F., Bertelloni, F., Cerri, D., & Tortoli, E. (2012). Isolation and identification of mycobacteria from captive reptiles. Research in veterinary science, 93(3), 1136-1138.
  • Frye, F. E. (1991). Common pathologic lesions and disease processes. Reptile care, 2, 530-619
  • Frye, F. L. (1991). Infectious diseases. Fungal actinomycete, bacterial, rickettsial and viral diseases (101-160). Frye FL. Biomedical and Surgical Aspects of Captive Reptile husbandry. Melbourne: Krieger.
  • Hernandez-Divers, S. J., & Shearer, D. (2002). Pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium haemophilum and M marinum in a royal python. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 220(11), 1661-1663
  • Mitchell, M. A. (2012). Mycobacterial infections in reptiles. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice, 15(1), 101-111.
  • Montali, R. J. (1988). Comparative pathology of inflammation in the higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals). Journal of comparative pathology, 99(1), 1-26.
  • Muro, J., Canturri, A., Velarde, R., Martínez-Silvestre, A., Pastor, J., Lavín, S., & Marco, I. (2020). Atypical systemic mycobacteriosis in Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 32, 8-12.
  • Rastogi, N., Legrand, E., & Sola, C. (2001). The mycobacteria: an introduction to nomenclature and pathogenesis. Revue Scientifique Et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties, 20(1), 21-54.
  • Roh, Y. S., Park, H., Cho, A., Islam, M. R., Chekarova, I., Ejaz, S. E., ... & Kim, B. (2010). Granulomatous pneumonia in a captive freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni) caused by Mycobacterium szulgai. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 41(3), 550-554.
  • Soldati, G., Lu, Z. H., Vaughan, L., Polkinghorne, A., Zimmermann, D. R., Huder, J. B., & Pospischil, A. (2004). Detection of mycobacteria and chlamydiae in granulomatous inflammation of reptiles: a retrospective study. Veterinary Pathology, 41(4), 388-397.
  • Ullmann, L. S., Dias, R. D. N., Cagnini, D. Q., Yamatogi, R. S., Oliveira, J. P., Nemer, V., ... & Araújo, J. P. (2016). Mycobacterium genavense infection in two species of captive snakes. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 22.
  • Wolinsky, E. (1992). Mycobacterial diseases other than tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15(1), 1-12.

Bir Sarı Sıçan Yılanında (Elaphe teanuria) Mycobacterium marinum Sebebiyle Gelişen Mikobakteriozis: Olgu Sunumu

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 412 - 416, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1167009

Abstract

Sürüngenler günümüzde popüler eşlikçi hayvanlardan biri olarak yerini almaktadır. Ektotermik yapıya sahip olmaları ve sağlıklı yaşayabilmek için spesifik bakım koşulları gerektirmeleri bu türleri diğer popüler türlerden ayırmakta ve aynı zamanda sürüngenlerin beslenebilmeleri için şartlar oluşturmaktadır. Bu şartlar sağlanmadığında yeterli immun cevap geliştiremedikleri için hastalıklar görülebilmektedir. Sürüngenler yeterli immun potansiyale sahip oldukları zamanlarda mikobakterileri organizmalarında kendileri etkilenmeden taşıyabildiklerinden, uygun olmayan şartlar karşısında mikobakteriozis gelişebilmekte, bunun sonucunda yüksek miktarda etkeni saçabilmektedirler. Zoonoz bir hastalık olması sebebiyle mikobakteriozis insan sağlığı için de oldukça önemli bir hastalıktır. Sürüngenlerin vücutlarından saçılan mikobakteriozis etkenleri çevre koşullarına dayanıklı olmaları sebebiyle çevrede uzun süre canlılıklarını sürdürebilmekte, infekte hayvan ortamdan uzaklaştırılsa bile yaşam alanlarında, altlıklarda ve ekipmanlarda bulunabilmektedirler. Mikobakteriozis gelişmiş sürüngenlerle temas, yaşam alanı temizliği ve bakımları esnasında hayvanlardaki ve ortamdaki ve ekipmanlardaki mikobakteriozis etkenleri insanlara temas ve mekanik taşıyıcılar yoluyla bulaşabilmekte ve insanlarda granülamatoz lezyonlar gelişebilmektedir. Hayvanlarda etkin bir tedavinin olmaması ve antemortem teşhisin oldukça zor olmasından dolayı günümüzde mikobakteriozis önemli sürüngen hastalıklarından biri olarak kalmaktadır. Bu makalede, bir sarı sıçan yılanında görülen mikobakteriozis için uygulanan post-mortem teşhis yöntemleri, histopatolojik inceleme yöntemi, etkenin izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu sunulmuş, farklı identifikasyon yöntemleri ve ante-mortem teşhis için yapılabileceklerden bahsedilmiştir. Mikobakteriozisin etkenleri, hazırlayıcı faktörler, hastalığın gelişimi, sürüngen ve insan sağlığı açısından önemi değerlendirilmiştir.

References

  • Ebani, V., V. (2017). Domestic reptiles as source of zoonotic bacteria: A mini review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 10(8), 723-728
  • Ebani, V. V., Fratini, F., Bertelloni, F., Cerri, D., & Tortoli, E. (2012). Isolation and identification of mycobacteria from captive reptiles. Research in veterinary science, 93(3), 1136-1138.
  • Frye, F. E. (1991). Common pathologic lesions and disease processes. Reptile care, 2, 530-619
  • Frye, F. L. (1991). Infectious diseases. Fungal actinomycete, bacterial, rickettsial and viral diseases (101-160). Frye FL. Biomedical and Surgical Aspects of Captive Reptile husbandry. Melbourne: Krieger.
  • Hernandez-Divers, S. J., & Shearer, D. (2002). Pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium haemophilum and M marinum in a royal python. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 220(11), 1661-1663
  • Mitchell, M. A. (2012). Mycobacterial infections in reptiles. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice, 15(1), 101-111.
  • Montali, R. J. (1988). Comparative pathology of inflammation in the higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals). Journal of comparative pathology, 99(1), 1-26.
  • Muro, J., Canturri, A., Velarde, R., Martínez-Silvestre, A., Pastor, J., Lavín, S., & Marco, I. (2020). Atypical systemic mycobacteriosis in Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 32, 8-12.
  • Rastogi, N., Legrand, E., & Sola, C. (2001). The mycobacteria: an introduction to nomenclature and pathogenesis. Revue Scientifique Et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties, 20(1), 21-54.
  • Roh, Y. S., Park, H., Cho, A., Islam, M. R., Chekarova, I., Ejaz, S. E., ... & Kim, B. (2010). Granulomatous pneumonia in a captive freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni) caused by Mycobacterium szulgai. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 41(3), 550-554.
  • Soldati, G., Lu, Z. H., Vaughan, L., Polkinghorne, A., Zimmermann, D. R., Huder, J. B., & Pospischil, A. (2004). Detection of mycobacteria and chlamydiae in granulomatous inflammation of reptiles: a retrospective study. Veterinary Pathology, 41(4), 388-397.
  • Ullmann, L. S., Dias, R. D. N., Cagnini, D. Q., Yamatogi, R. S., Oliveira, J. P., Nemer, V., ... & Araújo, J. P. (2016). Mycobacterium genavense infection in two species of captive snakes. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 22.
  • Wolinsky, E. (1992). Mycobacterial diseases other than tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15(1), 1-12.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burak Alabaş 0000-0002-7873-2784

Baran Çelik 0000-0001-9122-0284

Hazal Öztürk Gürgen 0000-0003-2748-6189

Early Pub Date December 16, 2022
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date August 27, 2022
Acceptance Date November 5, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Alabaş, B., Çelik, B., & Öztürk Gürgen, H. (2022). Disseminated Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium marinum in a Beauty Rat Snake (Elaphe taenuria): A Case Report. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 7(4), 412-416. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1167009


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