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Deniz Deşarjından Yatay Deşarj Edilmiş Tekil Soğuk Su Jetlerinin Çarpma Noktası Seyrelmesinin Us Epa Vısual Plumes-Um3 Modeli İle İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 414 - 420, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1290453

Abstract

Deniz suyu birçok endüstride termik işlemlerin soğutma ve ısıtma işlemlerinde kullanılabilmektedir. Sıcak proseslerde daha yaygın olan soğutma işlemidir ve soğutma suyu kullanımına ihtiyaç duyulur. Bununla birlikte, yeniden gazlaştırma operasyonları gibi bazı endüstrilerde ısıtma da önemli bir süreçtir. Özellikle, açık çevrimli deniz suyuyla ısıtma sistemleri, sıvılaştırılmış doğal gaz (LNG) alım terminallerinde yaygın olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Bu sistemlerden soğuk su deşarjları oluşur ve bunlar deniz ortamına geri dönerler. Soğuk su deşarjları, deniz organizmaları arasında soğuk şokuna ve hipotermiye neden olabilir. Soğuk su deşarjlarının olumsuz etkilerinden dolayı, deniz ortamındaki soğutulmuş deniz suyunun seyreltilmesi için soğuk su deşarj sistemleri kullanılabilir. Soğuk su deşarjları, boru hattı sistemleri de dahil olmak üzere tek portlu veya çok portlu difüzörler olarak tasarlanabilir. Deşarj edilen soğuk su, denizde negatif yüzer jetler olarak davranırlar. Negatif yüzer soğuk su deşarjlarının uygun şekilde seyreltilmesini sağlamak zorlu bir konudur ve ayrıntılı bir tanımlama aşaması gerektirir. Soğuk su gibi yoğun jetler, deniz ortamında dibe batma eğilimindedirler. Dolayısıyla, tasarım çalışmalarında dikkate alınan soğuk su jetinin birinci seyrelmesini taban ile jet arasında oluşan etkileşim önemli ölçüde etkiler. Difüzör, tabana yeterince yakın yerleştirildiğinde jet ile taban arasındaki sınır etkileşimi artacaktır. Bu tip durumlarda, sınır etkileşiminin çarpma noktası seyrelmesi üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi gerekir. Bu çalışmada, deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilen iki farklı difüzör yüksekliği ile aynı koşullarda USEPA VP-UM3 sayısal modeli kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda USEPA VP-UM3 modelinden elde edilen çarpma noktası seyrelmelerinin, soğuk su deşarjı tasarımında yaklaşık %44 daha konservatif bölgede kaldığı belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Artuz, I. (1992). Marine pollution, (in Turkish), Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Press, 1464, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Bayat, C., Nemlioglu, S., Altuncu, F.F. & Berkun, M. (2003). Experimental scaling originated differences in cold water outfall design, MESAEP & SECOTOX 12th International Symposium on Environmental Pollution and its Impact on Life in The Mediterranean Region, Poster No. A58, Antalya, Turkey.
  • BOTAŞ (2012a). BOTAS Marmara Ereğlisi LNG Terminal Official Data 2012, (in Turkish), Marmara Ereğlisi, Tekirdağ.
  • BOTAŞ (2012b). BOTAS Aliaga LNG Terminal Official Data 2012, (in Turkish), Aliağa, İzmir. Djamaa, F. (2016). Sığ sulara boşaltım yapan ısıl deniz deşarjlarının birinci seyrelmesinin incelenmesi. Istanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul, Türkiye, 415s.
  • Doneker, R.L. & Jirka, G.H. (2001). CORMIX-GI systems for mixing zone analysis of brine wastewater disposal, Desalination, 139(1-3), 263-274. DOI: 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00318-6
  • Frick, W.E. (2004). Visual Plumes mixing zone modeling software. Environmental Modelling & Software, 19(7-8), 645-654. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.08.018
  • Hart, Jr. C.W. & Fuller, S.L.H. (Eds) (1974). Pollution ecology of freshwater invertebrates, Academic Press Inc., New York. DOI: 10.1002/iroh.19780630232
  • Kellogg Limited, M.W. (1986). BOTAS LNG Terminal Marmara Ereglisi Environmental Impact Report, Kellogg Job No. 5377, Greenford, Middlesex, U.K.
  • Lee, J.H.W. & Chu, V.H. (2003). Turbulent jets and plumes: a Lagrangian approach, Vol. 1, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615- 0407-8
  • Malacic, V., Faganeli, J. & Malej, A. (2008). Environmental impact of LNG terminals in the Gulf Trieste (Northern Adriatic), In: Coskun, H.G., Cigizoglu, H.K., Maktav, M.D. (eds) Integration of Information for Environmental Security. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 375-395p, Springer, Dordrecht. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6575-0_25
  • Nemlioglu, S. & Roberts, P.J.W. (2006). Experiments on dense jets using three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (3DLIF), MWWD 2006 - 4th International Conference on Marine Wastewater Disposal and Marine Environment, Abstracts, 227.
  • Nemlioglu, S. & Sezgin, N. (2014). Water depth effects on initial dilution of horizontally discharged cold water from an elevated outfall. International Journal of Global Warming, 6(2/3), 284-294. DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2014.061022
  • Ozdogan Cumali, B. & Nemlioglu, S. (2022). Initial dilution improvement of thermal wastewater outfall singular jets by nozzle inclination for decrement of sea water evaporation. Int. J. Global Warming, 28(2), pp.170- 184. DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2022.126061
  • Roberts, P.J. & Tian, X. (2004). New experimental techniques for validation of marine discharge models. Environmental Modelling & Software, 19(7- 8), 691-699. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.08.005
  • Roberts, P.J.W. & Toms, G. (1987). Inclined dense jets in flowing current. J. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE 113(3), 323-341. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9429(1987)113:3(323)
  • Roberts, P.J.W., Ferrier, A. & Daviero, G. (1997). Mixing in inclined dense jets, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 123(8), 693-699. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:8(693)
  • Sezgin, N. (2018). Yatay deşarj edilen soğuk-yoğun atıksuların bazı deşarj parametrelerinin belirlenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(3), 494-499. DOI: 10.5505/pajes.2017.17136
  • Shao, D. & Law, A.W.K. (2011). Boundary impingement and attachment of horizontal offset dense jets, Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, 5(1), 15- 24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2010.11.00
  • Shao, D.D. & Law, A.W. (2006). Desalination discharges in shallow coastal waters, MWWD 2006-4th International Conference on Marine Wastewater Discharges and Coastal Environment, Abstracts, 6- 11 November, Antalya, MEM Ajans, Istanbul, 269- 270.
  • Steemann Nielsen, E. (1975). Marine photosynthesis with special emphasis on the ecological aspects, Elsevier Oceanography Series, 13, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York.
  • Temelli, U.E., Sezgin, N., Djamaa, F. & Nemlioglu, S. (2017). An investigation on initial dilution of thermal wastewater discharges into shallow receiving waters with 60° inclination. Desalination and Water Treatment, 93, 355-360. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2017.2150

Investıgation of Impact Point Dilutıon of Horizontally Discharged Singular Cold Water Jets From Marine Outfall Using By Us Epa Visual Plumes-Um3 Model

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 414 - 420, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1290453

Abstract

Seawater can be used in many industries for cooling and heating of thermal processes. Cooling is more common in hot processes and requires the use of cooling water. However, in some industries, such as regasification operations, heating is also an important process. In particular, open-loop seawater heating systems can be widely used in liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminals. Cold water discharges occur from these systems and they return to the marine environment. Cold water discharges can cause cold shock and hypothermia among marine organisms. Because of the negative effects of cold water discharges, cold water discharge systems can be used to dilute chilled seawater in the marine environment. Cold water outfalls can be designed as single port or multiport diffusers, including pipeline systems. The discharged cold water behaves as negatively buoyant jets in the sea. Ensuring proper dilution of negatively buoyant cold water discharges is a challenge and requires a detailed identification step. Dense jets, such as cold water, tend to sink to the bottom in the marine environment. Therefore, the interaction between the bottom and the jet significantly affects the initial dilution of the cold water jet, which is considered in the design studies. The boundary interaction between the jet and the bottom will increase if the diffuser is placed close enough to the bottom. In such cases, the effect of boundary interaction on impact point dilution needs to be determined. In this study, the results obtained using the USEPA VP-UM3 numerical model under the same conditions with two different diffuser elevations performed experimentally were compared. As a result of this study, it was determined that the impact point dilutions obtained from the USEPA VP-UM3 model remained in the more conservative region of approximately 44% in the cold water discharge design.

References

  • Artuz, I. (1992). Marine pollution, (in Turkish), Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Press, 1464, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Bayat, C., Nemlioglu, S., Altuncu, F.F. & Berkun, M. (2003). Experimental scaling originated differences in cold water outfall design, MESAEP & SECOTOX 12th International Symposium on Environmental Pollution and its Impact on Life in The Mediterranean Region, Poster No. A58, Antalya, Turkey.
  • BOTAŞ (2012a). BOTAS Marmara Ereğlisi LNG Terminal Official Data 2012, (in Turkish), Marmara Ereğlisi, Tekirdağ.
  • BOTAŞ (2012b). BOTAS Aliaga LNG Terminal Official Data 2012, (in Turkish), Aliağa, İzmir. Djamaa, F. (2016). Sığ sulara boşaltım yapan ısıl deniz deşarjlarının birinci seyrelmesinin incelenmesi. Istanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul, Türkiye, 415s.
  • Doneker, R.L. & Jirka, G.H. (2001). CORMIX-GI systems for mixing zone analysis of brine wastewater disposal, Desalination, 139(1-3), 263-274. DOI: 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00318-6
  • Frick, W.E. (2004). Visual Plumes mixing zone modeling software. Environmental Modelling & Software, 19(7-8), 645-654. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.08.018
  • Hart, Jr. C.W. & Fuller, S.L.H. (Eds) (1974). Pollution ecology of freshwater invertebrates, Academic Press Inc., New York. DOI: 10.1002/iroh.19780630232
  • Kellogg Limited, M.W. (1986). BOTAS LNG Terminal Marmara Ereglisi Environmental Impact Report, Kellogg Job No. 5377, Greenford, Middlesex, U.K.
  • Lee, J.H.W. & Chu, V.H. (2003). Turbulent jets and plumes: a Lagrangian approach, Vol. 1, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615- 0407-8
  • Malacic, V., Faganeli, J. & Malej, A. (2008). Environmental impact of LNG terminals in the Gulf Trieste (Northern Adriatic), In: Coskun, H.G., Cigizoglu, H.K., Maktav, M.D. (eds) Integration of Information for Environmental Security. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 375-395p, Springer, Dordrecht. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6575-0_25
  • Nemlioglu, S. & Roberts, P.J.W. (2006). Experiments on dense jets using three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (3DLIF), MWWD 2006 - 4th International Conference on Marine Wastewater Disposal and Marine Environment, Abstracts, 227.
  • Nemlioglu, S. & Sezgin, N. (2014). Water depth effects on initial dilution of horizontally discharged cold water from an elevated outfall. International Journal of Global Warming, 6(2/3), 284-294. DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2014.061022
  • Ozdogan Cumali, B. & Nemlioglu, S. (2022). Initial dilution improvement of thermal wastewater outfall singular jets by nozzle inclination for decrement of sea water evaporation. Int. J. Global Warming, 28(2), pp.170- 184. DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2022.126061
  • Roberts, P.J. & Tian, X. (2004). New experimental techniques for validation of marine discharge models. Environmental Modelling & Software, 19(7- 8), 691-699. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.08.005
  • Roberts, P.J.W. & Toms, G. (1987). Inclined dense jets in flowing current. J. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE 113(3), 323-341. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9429(1987)113:3(323)
  • Roberts, P.J.W., Ferrier, A. & Daviero, G. (1997). Mixing in inclined dense jets, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 123(8), 693-699. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:8(693)
  • Sezgin, N. (2018). Yatay deşarj edilen soğuk-yoğun atıksuların bazı deşarj parametrelerinin belirlenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(3), 494-499. DOI: 10.5505/pajes.2017.17136
  • Shao, D. & Law, A.W.K. (2011). Boundary impingement and attachment of horizontal offset dense jets, Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, 5(1), 15- 24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2010.11.00
  • Shao, D.D. & Law, A.W. (2006). Desalination discharges in shallow coastal waters, MWWD 2006-4th International Conference on Marine Wastewater Discharges and Coastal Environment, Abstracts, 6- 11 November, Antalya, MEM Ajans, Istanbul, 269- 270.
  • Steemann Nielsen, E. (1975). Marine photosynthesis with special emphasis on the ecological aspects, Elsevier Oceanography Series, 13, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York.
  • Temelli, U.E., Sezgin, N., Djamaa, F. & Nemlioglu, S. (2017). An investigation on initial dilution of thermal wastewater discharges into shallow receiving waters with 60° inclination. Desalination and Water Treatment, 93, 355-360. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2017.2150
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Pollution and Contamination (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Uğur Emre Temelli 0000-0002-6894-0723

Naim Sezgin 0000-0003-3614-5861

Bilge Özdoğan Cumalı 0000-0001-7579-7120

Semih Nemlioglu 0000-0002-9938-4651

Early Pub Date September 20, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date April 30, 2023
Acceptance Date June 14, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Temelli, U. E., Sezgin, N., Özdoğan Cumalı, B., Nemlioglu, S. (2023). Deniz Deşarjından Yatay Deşarj Edilmiş Tekil Soğuk Su Jetlerinin Çarpma Noktası Seyrelmesinin Us Epa Vısual Plumes-Um3 Modeli İle İncelenmesi. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(3), 414-420. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1290453


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