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Topografyanın İnsan Modifikasyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi: Doğu ve Orta Karadeniz Örneği

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 51 - 61, 29.06.2024

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Doğu ve Orta Karadeniz Bölümlerinde topoğrafyanın insan faaliyetleri üzerindeki etkilerini detaylı olarak inceler. Araştırmanın temel amacı, bölgedeki eğim, bakı ve yükselti gibi topoğrafik faktörlerin insan etkinlikleri üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu analizler, CSP gHM: Global Human Modification veri seti kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu veri seti, Google Earth Engine platformu üzerinden erişilebilir olup, küresel insan etkilerinin yoğunluğunu göstermek amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Ayrıca, Copernicus'un 30 metre çözünürlüklü DEM (Dijital Yükseklik Modeli) görüntüleri kullanılmış ve bu görüntüler, araştırma sahasının yükselti, eğim ve bakı haritalarının üretilmesi için QGIS raster calculator ile işlenmiştir. Raster calculator, bu topoğrafik verilerin insan modifikasyonu değerleri ile nasıl etkileşime girdiğini analiz etmek için kullanılan bir araçtır. Çalışma sahası, Karadeniz'in Gürcistan’a sınırı olan kuzey sınırından, doğuda Çoruh Nehri ile batıda Yeşilırmak Nehri’ne kadar uzanmaktadır. Bu coğrafi çerçeve içerisinde, araştırma, farklı yükseklik ve eğim seviyeleri ile insan faaliyetlerinin yoğunluğunun bölgesel planlama ve kaynak yönetimi uygulamalarında nasıl dikkate alınması gerektiğini vurgular. Sonuçlar, topoğrafya ile insan faaliyetleri arasındaki etkileşimin çevresel dinamikler üzerindeki kapsamlı etkilerini göstermekte ve bölge için sürdürülebilir yönetim stratejileri geliştirilmesine yönelik değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu bilgiler, bölgesel ekosistemlerin korunması ve sürdürülebilir kullanımı için stratejik planlamalar yapılmasında temel teşkil etmektedir.

References

  • Aik, D. H. J., Ismail, M. H., Muharam, F. M. & Alias, M. A. (2021a). Evaluating the impacts of land use/land cover changes across topography against land surface temperature in Cameron Highlands. PLoS ONE, 16(5),e0252111 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252111
  • Aik, D. H. J., Ismail, M. H., Muharam, F. M., & Alias, M. A. (2021b). Evaluating the impacts of land use/land cover changes across topography against land surface temperature in Cameron Highlands. PLoS ONE, 16(5),e0252111 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252111
  • Belote, R. T. (2018). Species-rich national forests experience more intense human modification, but why?. Forests, 9(12), 753. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9120753
  • Dinerstein, E., Olson, D., Joshi, A., Vynne, C., Burgess, N. D., Wikramanayake, E., Hahn, N., Palminteri, S., Hedao, P., Noss, R., Hansen, M., Locke, H., Ellis, E. C., Jones, B., Barber, C. V., Hayes, R., Kormos, C., Martin, V., Crist, E., … & Saleem, M. (2017). An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. BioScience, 67(6), 534-545. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014
  • Ellis, E. C., Goldewijk, K. K., Siebert, S., Lightman, D. & Ramankutty, N. (2010). Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19(5), 589-606. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x
  • Elsen, P. R., Monahan, W. B. & Merenlender, A. M. (2020). Topography and human pressure in mountain ranges alter expected species responses to climate change. Nature Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15881-x
  • Fritz, S., See, L., Perger, C., McCallum, I., Schill, C., Schepaschenko, D., Duerauer, M., Karner, M., Dresel, C., Laso-Bayas, J. C., Lesiv, M., Moorthy, I., Salk, C. F., Danylo, O., Sturn, T., Albrecht, F., You, L., Kraxner, F., & Obersteiner, M. (2017). A global dataset of crowdsourced land cover and land use reference data. Scientific Data, 4, 170075. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.75
  • Hu, S., Yu, B., Luo, S. & Zhuo, R. (2022). Spatial pattern of the effects of human activities on the land surface of China and their spatial relationship with the natural environment. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(8), 10379-10401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01871-6
  • Kennedy, C. M., Oakleaf, J. R., Theobald, D. M., Baruch-Mordo, S. & Kiesecker, J. (2019). Managing the middle: A shift in conservation priorities based on the global human modification gradient. Global Change Biology, 25(3), 811-826. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14549
  • Newbold, T., Hudson, L. N., Hill, S. L. L., Contu, S., Lysenko, I., Senior, R. A., Börger, L., Bennett, D. J., Choimes, A., Collen, B., Day, J., De Palma, A., Díaz, S., Echeverria-Londoño, S., Edgar, M. J., Feldman, A., Garon, M., Harrison, M. L. K., Alhusseini, T., .…& Purvis, A. (2015). Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity. Nature, 520(7545), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14324
  • Pawlus, P., Reizer, R., Wieczorowski, M. & Krolczyk, G. (2020). Material ratio curve as information on the state of surface topography—A review. Precision Engineering, 65, 240-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.05.008
  • Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., De Vries, W., De Wit, C. A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G. M., Persson, L. M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B. & Sörlin, S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223), 1259855. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855
  • Theobald, D. M. (2013). A general model to quantify ecological integrity for landscape assessments and US application. Landscape Ecology, 28(10), 1859-1874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-013-9941-6
  • Van Asselen, S. & Verburg, P. H. (2013). Land cover change or land-use intensification: Simulating land system change with a global-scale land change model. Global Change Biology, 19(12), 3648-3667. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12331
  • Verburg, P. H., van Asselen, S., van der Zanden, E. H. & Stehfest, E. (2013). The representation of landscapes in global scale assessments of environmental change. Landscape Ecology, 28(6), 1067-1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-012-9745-0

The Impact of Topography on Human Modification: The Case of Eastern and Central Black Sea

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 51 - 61, 29.06.2024

Abstract

This study thoroughly investigates the impacts of topography on human activities in the Eastern and Central Black Sea Regions. The primary objective of this research is to determine the effects of topographic factors such as slope, aspect, and elevation on human activities in the area. These analyses were conducted using the CSP gHM: Global Human Modification data set, which is accessible through the Google Earth Engine platform and is designed to display the intensity of global human impacts. Additionally, 30-meter resolution DEM images from Copernicus were utilized, and these images were rocessed using the QGIS raster calculator to produce elevation, slope, and aspect maps of the research area. The raster calculator is a tool used to analyze how these topographic data interact with human modification values. The study area extends from the northern borders of the Black Sea to the Çoruh River in the east and the Yeşilırmak River in the west. Within this geographic framework, the research emphasizes the necessity of considering different elevation and slope levels along with the intensity of human activities in regional planning and resource management applications. The results demonstrate the extensive effects of the interaction between topography and human activities on environmental dynamics and provide valuable information for developing sustainable management strategies for the region. This information is fundamental for strategic planning aimed at the conservation and sustainable use of regional ecosystems.

References

  • Aik, D. H. J., Ismail, M. H., Muharam, F. M. & Alias, M. A. (2021a). Evaluating the impacts of land use/land cover changes across topography against land surface temperature in Cameron Highlands. PLoS ONE, 16(5),e0252111 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252111
  • Aik, D. H. J., Ismail, M. H., Muharam, F. M., & Alias, M. A. (2021b). Evaluating the impacts of land use/land cover changes across topography against land surface temperature in Cameron Highlands. PLoS ONE, 16(5),e0252111 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252111
  • Belote, R. T. (2018). Species-rich national forests experience more intense human modification, but why?. Forests, 9(12), 753. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9120753
  • Dinerstein, E., Olson, D., Joshi, A., Vynne, C., Burgess, N. D., Wikramanayake, E., Hahn, N., Palminteri, S., Hedao, P., Noss, R., Hansen, M., Locke, H., Ellis, E. C., Jones, B., Barber, C. V., Hayes, R., Kormos, C., Martin, V., Crist, E., … & Saleem, M. (2017). An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. BioScience, 67(6), 534-545. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014
  • Ellis, E. C., Goldewijk, K. K., Siebert, S., Lightman, D. & Ramankutty, N. (2010). Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19(5), 589-606. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x
  • Elsen, P. R., Monahan, W. B. & Merenlender, A. M. (2020). Topography and human pressure in mountain ranges alter expected species responses to climate change. Nature Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15881-x
  • Fritz, S., See, L., Perger, C., McCallum, I., Schill, C., Schepaschenko, D., Duerauer, M., Karner, M., Dresel, C., Laso-Bayas, J. C., Lesiv, M., Moorthy, I., Salk, C. F., Danylo, O., Sturn, T., Albrecht, F., You, L., Kraxner, F., & Obersteiner, M. (2017). A global dataset of crowdsourced land cover and land use reference data. Scientific Data, 4, 170075. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.75
  • Hu, S., Yu, B., Luo, S. & Zhuo, R. (2022). Spatial pattern of the effects of human activities on the land surface of China and their spatial relationship with the natural environment. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(8), 10379-10401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01871-6
  • Kennedy, C. M., Oakleaf, J. R., Theobald, D. M., Baruch-Mordo, S. & Kiesecker, J. (2019). Managing the middle: A shift in conservation priorities based on the global human modification gradient. Global Change Biology, 25(3), 811-826. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14549
  • Newbold, T., Hudson, L. N., Hill, S. L. L., Contu, S., Lysenko, I., Senior, R. A., Börger, L., Bennett, D. J., Choimes, A., Collen, B., Day, J., De Palma, A., Díaz, S., Echeverria-Londoño, S., Edgar, M. J., Feldman, A., Garon, M., Harrison, M. L. K., Alhusseini, T., .…& Purvis, A. (2015). Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity. Nature, 520(7545), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14324
  • Pawlus, P., Reizer, R., Wieczorowski, M. & Krolczyk, G. (2020). Material ratio curve as information on the state of surface topography—A review. Precision Engineering, 65, 240-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.05.008
  • Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., De Vries, W., De Wit, C. A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G. M., Persson, L. M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B. & Sörlin, S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223), 1259855. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855
  • Theobald, D. M. (2013). A general model to quantify ecological integrity for landscape assessments and US application. Landscape Ecology, 28(10), 1859-1874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-013-9941-6
  • Van Asselen, S. & Verburg, P. H. (2013). Land cover change or land-use intensification: Simulating land system change with a global-scale land change model. Global Change Biology, 19(12), 3648-3667. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12331
  • Verburg, P. H., van Asselen, S., van der Zanden, E. H. & Stehfest, E. (2013). The representation of landscapes in global scale assessments of environmental change. Landscape Ecology, 28(6), 1067-1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-012-9745-0
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Türkiye Physical Geography, Environmental Geography, Human Geography (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Büşra Eraslan 0000-0003-1822-2368

Publication Date June 29, 2024
Submission Date April 29, 2024
Acceptance Date June 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Eraslan, B. (2024). Topografyanın İnsan Modifikasyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi: Doğu ve Orta Karadeniz Örneği. Journal of Anatolian Geography, 1(1), 51-61.


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