Avrupa Yaban Arısı Vespula vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)'in Türkiye'de Microsporidian Patojeni Kaydı

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 30 - 40, 30.12.2023

Çağrı Bekircan , Onur Tosun , Hilal Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1362309

Abstract

Microsporidia, hymenopteranların yaygın gizemli patojenleridir. Bu türler daha çok Apidae (özellikle bal arıları) ile ilgili olsa da Vespidae üyelerini de enfekte ettikleri bilinmektedir. Bu türlerin dışında literatürde Vespidae bireylerini enfekte eden tanımlanmış ve tanımlanmamış birçok microsporidia enfeksiyonu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle Vespula vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), Nosema bombi, Vavraia culicis, Nosema vespula, vb. gibi farklı mikrosporidian türleri ile enfekte olmuştur. V. vulgaris gibi yırtıcı türlerdeki moleküler tanımlamaya dayalı mikrosporidian kayıtları oldukça şüphelidir. Bu tür yırtıcı böceklerde mikrosporidia enfeksiyonları, patojenin yaşam döngüsünün karakteristik görselleriyle desteklenmesi gerekir. Bu bakış açısıyla bu çalışma, V. vulgaris'ten izole edilen bir microsporidium'un yaşam döngüsü aşamalarını ve spor morfometrik verilerini sunan ilk ve tek çalışmadır. V. vulgaris örnekleri Temmuz-Eylül 2021 tarihleri arasında Trabzon ilinde toplandı. Gözlemler sırasında 415 örnek incelendi ve bunlardan 5 örnekte enfeksiyon pozitif çıktı (mikrosporidiosis oranı %1.20). Enfeksiyon çoğunlukla konağın orta bağırsağında bulundu ve çoğunlukla kronikti. Taze olgun sporlar oval şekilliydi ve 4.57±0.54 (3.26–5.95; n=200) µm uzunluğunda ve 2.43±0.33 (1.43–3.35; n=200) µm genişliğinde ölçüldü. Mevcut microsporidium, Nosema benzeri bir dissporoblastik merogoni ve sporogoniye sahiptir.

Keywords

Hymenoptera, Microsporidium, Nosema, Patojen, Yaban arısı, Vespula vulgaris

A Record of Microsporidian Pathogen of the European wasp, Vespula vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Turkey

Abstract

Microsporidia are common enigmatic pathogens of hymenopterans. Although these species are more concerned with Apidae (especially honeybees), they are also known to infect members of Vespidae. Apart from these species, many defined and undefined microsporidia infections were detected infecting Vespidae individuals in the literature. Especially Vespula vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) infected different microsporidian species like a Nosema bombi, Vavraia culicis, Nosema vespula, etc. Molecular identification-based microsporidian records in predator species such as V. vulgaris are highly suspicious. In such predator insects, microsporidian infections should be supported by characteristic visuals of the pathogen’s life cycle. With this perspective this study is the first and only study that presents the life-cycle stages and spore morphometrics data of a microsporidium isolated from V. vulgaris. V. vulgaris samples were collected from July to September 2021 in Trabzon, Turkey. During the observations, 415 samples were examined, and five of them were infection positive (microsporidiosis prevalence 1.20%). Infection was found mostly in the midgut of the host, and infection was mostly chronic. Fresh mature spores were oval in shape and measured 4.57±0.54 (3.26–5.95; n=200) µm in length and 2.43±0.33 (1.43–3.35; n=200) µm in width. The current microsporidium has a Nosema-like disporoblastic merogony and sporogony.

Keywords

Hymenoptera, microsporidium, Nosema, pathogen, wasp, Vespula vulgaris

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