Oral Health Status of Juvenile Inmates in A Detention Center in Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 131 - 138, 30.09.2023

Sevgi Zorlu , Didem Öner Özdaş , Cenker Zeki Koyuncuoğlu , Nurcan Tezci Özgür , Utku Gaye Dikme Güveli , Burcu Karaduman

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1230992

Abstract

Purpose: There are very few studies about the oral health status of juvenile inmates. This study aimed to determine past dental attendance, medicament usage, and smoking habits, besides oro-dental status, including caries prevalence and periodontal health status of juvenile inmates in detention centers.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 juvenile male inmates (mean-age:16.65±0.91) in a detention center in Istanbul-Turkey. After taking general demographic information, the subjects were clinically examined according to WHO criteria. In addition, the Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were recorded at Ramfjord teeth to evaluate periodontal status. All data were statistically analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 programme, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman's rho correlation coefficient, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and One-way ANOVA test.
Results: Average length of stay was 6.54±8.38 months. 44.4% of inmates have never visited a dentist. The mean DMFT, PI, and GI scores of the subjects were 6.78±4.07, 1.18±0.55, and 1.13±0.47, respectively. In addition, 80.2% of inmates smoked before being taken to the detention center.
Conclusion: This study indicated that the oral health of detained inmates was poor. Prison health services should not be isolated but integrated into national and regional health systems.

Keywords

Detention center, Juvenile, inmates, delinquency

References

• Stuewig J, McCloskey LA. The relation of child maltreatment to shame and guilt among adolescents: psychological routes to depression and delinquency. Child Maltreat. 2005;10(4):324-36. DOI: 10.1177/1077559505279308.
• Alkhadra T. Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status among Juvenile Prisoners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017;18(11):991-995. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2163.
• Agrawal A, Bhat N, Shetty S, Sharda A, Singh K, Chaudhary H. Oral hygiene and periodontal status among detainees in a juvenile detention center, India. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2011;9(3):281-7.
• Committee on Adolescence. American Academy of Pediatrics: Health care for children and adolescents in the juvenile correctional care system. Pediatrics. 2001;107(4):799-803. DOI: 10.1542/peds.107.4.799.
• Kurtulus A, Salman N, Gunbet G, Bora B, Cenger CD, Kemalettin A. Denizli ilinde 12-15 yaş arasındaki suça sürüklenen çocukların sosyodemografik özellikleri. Pamukkale Tıp Derg. 2009;1:8-14.
• Bose A, Jenner T. Dental health in prisons. In: Health in prisons: Møller L, Stöver H, Jürgens R, Gatherer A, Nikogosiana H, editors. WHO guide to the essentials in prison health. Denmark, Regional Office Europe, 2007.p.147-155. Accessed 05 May 2022. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/99018/E90174.pdf
• Berkman A. Prison health: the breaking point. Am J Public Health. 1995;85(12):1616-8. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.85.12.1616.
• Heidari E. Dickinson C. Fiske J. An investigation into the oral health status of male prisoners in the UK. Journal of Disability and Oral Health. 2008;9(1):3-12.
• Harvey S, Anderson B, Cantore S, King E, Malik F, Bedi R. Reforming prison dental services in England–a guide to good practice. Health Educ J, 2005:64(Suppl. 4), ii-iii, 1-39.
• Dhanker K, Ingle NA, Kaur N, Gupta, R. Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Inmates in District Jail of Mathura City--A Cross Sectional Study. Journal of Oral Health & Community Dentistry, 2013;7(1):24-32.
• Coban S. Juvenile Justice System In Turkey And Children In Reformatory Centers. Hacettepe University Journal of Turkish Studies 2015;22:99-119.
• Demir CS. Cocuk Ceza Adaletinde Infaz Sorunlari. Suç ve Ceza. 2019;1:45.
• Allukian M Jr. The neglected epidemic and the surgeon general's report: a call to action for better oral health. Am J Public Health. 2000;90(6):843-5. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.90.6.843.
• Van Harten MT, Lawrence HP, Quiñonez C, Goodman D. Predictors Of Dental Disease Among Youth Incarcerated At A Toronto-Area Youth Centre. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2015;9(2)138-148.
• Barnert E, Applegarth DM, Aggarwal E, Bondoc C, Abrams LS. Health Needs of Youth in Detention With Limited Justice Involvement. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;118:105412. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105412.
• Borschmann R, Janca E, Carter A et al. The health of adolescents in detention: a global scoping review. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(2):114-126. DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30217-8.
• Bolin K, Jones D. Oral health needs of adolescents in a juvenile detention facility. J Adolesc Health. 2006;38(6):755-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.029.
• World Health Organization. (1997) Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods, 4th ed. Geneva: WHO. Accessed 05 May 2022. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/41905/9241544937.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
• Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21:533-551.
• Silness J, Löe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta odontologica scandinavica. 1964;22(1):121-135.
• Ramfjord SP. Indices for prevalence and incidence of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1959;30:51-59.
• Kumwenda M, Nzala S, Zulu JM. Health care needs assessment among adolescents in correctional institutions in Zambia: an ethical analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):581. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2532-5.
• Walsh T, Tickle M, Milsom K, Buchanan K, Zoitopoulos L. An investigation of the nature of research into dental health in prisons: a systematic review. Br Dent J. 2008;204(12):683-9; discussion 667. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.525.
• T.R. Ministry of Justice, General Directorate of Judicial Registry and Statistics. Forensic Statistics 2019. Accessed 05 May 2022. https://adlisicil.adalet.gov.tr/Resimler/SayfaDokuman/1062020170359HizmeteOzel-2019-bask%C4%B1-%C4%B0SA.pdf page:62
• Turkish Penal Code, 5237/31-2. Accessed 05 May 2022. https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k5237.html
• United Nations Human Rights Office of The High Commissioner. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Accessed 05 May 2022. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/crc.pdf
• Barnert ES, Dudovitz R, Nelson BB et al. How Does Incarcerating Young People Affect Their Adult Health Outcomes? Pediatrics. 2017;139(2):e20162624. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2624.
• Nobile CG, Flotta D, Nicotera G, Pileggi C, Angelillo IF. Self-reported health status and access to health services in a sample of prisoners in Italy. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:529. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-529.
• Cunningham C. Summary of: dental triage Hydebank Wood Prison and young offenders centre, Belfast. Br Dent J. 2014;216(9):524-5. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.379.
• Gray R, Fawcett T. Dental triage Hydebank Wood Prison and young offenders centre, Belfast. Br Dent J. 2014;216(9):E19. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.381.
• Chi DL, Leroux B. County-level determinants of dental utilization for Medicaid-enrolled children with chronic conditions: how does place affect use? Health Place. 2012;18(6):1422-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.07.007.
• Enggist S, Møller L, Galea G, Udesen C. Prisons and health. WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2014:100.
• Hein K, Cohen MI, Litt IF et al. Juvenile detention: another boundary issue for physicians. Pediatrics. 1980;66(2):239-45.
• Morosini Ide A, de Oliveira DC, Ferreira Fde M, Fraiz FC, Torres-Pereira CC. Performance of distant diagnosis of dental caries by teledentistry in juvenile offenders. Telemed J E Health. 2014;20(6):584-9. DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2013.0202.
• Osborn M, Butler T, Barnard PD. Oral health status of prison inmates--New South Wales, Australia. Aust Dent J. 2003;48(1):34-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2003.tb00006.x.
• T Gökalp SG, Doğan BG, Tekçiçek MT, Berberoğlu A, Unlüer S. National survey of oral health status of children and adults in Turkey. Community Dent Health. 2010 Mar;27(1):12-7.
• Sahin S, Saygun I, Enhos S, Akyol M, Altug A, Tekbas OF. The evaluation of the effect of educational status on oral health in young adult men. GÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2009;26(3):133-139.
• Kalyoncu C, Metintas S, Baliz S, Arikan I. The level of health in elementary school students in training and research areas and evaluation of school screening examination results. TAF Prev Med Bull 2011;10(5): 511-518.
• Bolin K, Jones D. Oral health needs of adolescents in a juvenile detention facility. J Adolesc Health. 2006;38(6):755-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.029.
• Olivan G. The health profile of Spanish incarcerated delinquent youths. J Adolesc Health. 2001;29(6):384. DOI: 10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00331-7.
• Nobile CG, Fortunato L, Pavia M, Angelillo IF. Oral health status of male prisoners in Italy. Int Dent J. 2007;57(1):27-35. DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2007.tb00115.x.
• McGrath C. Oral health behind bars: a study of oral disease and its impact on the life quality of an older prison population. Gerodontology. 2002;19(2):109-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2002.00109.x.
• Dayakar MM, Shivprasad D, Pai PG. Assessment of periodontal health status among prison inmates: A cross-sectional survey. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014;18(1):74-7. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.128230.
• Reddy V, Kondareddy CV, Siddanna S, Manjunath M. A survey on oral health status and treatment needs of life-imprisoned inmates in central jails of Karnataka, India. Int Dent J. 2012;62(1):27-32. DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00082.x.
• Bodur H, Bodur A, Yucesoy V, Balos K. The evaluation of dental caries prevalence and periodontal status in two different age groups. GÜ Dishek Fak Derg. 2004;21(1)35-39.
• Chandrashekar BR, Suma S, Sukhabogi JR, Manjunath BC, Kallury A. Oral health promotion among rural school children through teachers: an interventional study. Indian J Public Health. 2014;58:235–240.