Nutritional Status and Physical Activity Level of White-Collar Workers: An Island Example

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 148 - 157, 30.09.2023

Burçin Karavelioğlu , Günsu Soykut Çağsın , Adile Öniz

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1256067

Abstract

The conducted study aimed to determine the nutritional status and activity level of white-collar workers.
211 volunteers' demographic information, anthropometric measurements, and 3-day food recording were determined. The scales “Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I)”, “Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015)”, and “Dietary Approaches to Prevent Hypertension (DASH)” were used to determine the quality of the diets. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ) was used to calculate the activity level of the participants.
The average age of participants were 35.70 ± 9.36, while 70.6% were women. The average diet quality scores for DQI-I, HEI-2015, and DASH were 47.8 ± 9.79, 56.40±14.04, and, 2.70 ±1.29 respectively. The IPAQ average score was calculated as 851.44±1065.01 MET. The IPAQ results showed that only 13.3% of participants had sufficient activity levels. The physical activity level of the men was found to be significantly higher than that of the women (p<0.05). The activity levels of participants with good healthy eating index scores were also found to be statistically higher (p<0.001). In addition, participants with high DQI-I scores had significantly higher healthy eating habits with HEI-2015(p<0.001).
The current study showed that white-collar workers had insufficient physical activity levels, however, sufficient levels of physical activity were correlated with better diet quality.

Keywords

Physical activity, diet quality, white-collar workers, nutrition

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

• Lips-Wiersma M, Wright S, Dik B. Meaningful work: differences among blue-, pink-, and white-collar occupations. Career Dev. Int. 2016; 21(5):534-551.
• Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur. J. Epidemiol.2018; 33(9):811-29.
• Jirathananuwat A, Pongpirul K. Promoting physical activity in the workplace: A systematic meta-review. J. Occup. Health. 2017; 59(5):385-93.
• Fryar, Cheryl D., Ostchega Y et al. "Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: United States, 2015-2016." NCHS Data Brief:(2017);289:1-8
• Chen P, Wang D, Shen H et al. Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement. Br. J. Sports Med 2020; 54(22):1321-31.
• Booth FW, Roberts CK, Thyfault JP, Ruegsegger GN, Toedebusch RG. Role of inactivity in chronic diseases: evolutionary insight and pathophysiological mechanisms. Physiol Rev 2017; 97(4):1351-402.
• World Health Organization. Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: more active people for a healthier world. World Health Organization; 2019.
• Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD et al. Sedentary behavior research network (SBRN)–terminology consensus project process and outcome. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2017; 14(1):1-7.
• Ko KJ, Kim EH, Baek UH, Gang Z, Kang SJ. The relationship between physical activity levels and metabolic syndrome in male white-collar workers. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 2016; 28(11):3041-6.
• Arija V, Villalobos F, Pedret R, et al. Physical activity, cardiovascular health, quality of life and blood pressure control in hypertensive subjects: randomized clinical trial. Health Qual. Life Outcomes. 2018; 16(1):1-1.
• Abu Saad H, Low PK, Jamaluddin R, Chee HP. Level of Physical Activity and Its Associated Factors among Primary Healthcare Workers in Perak, Malaysia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020; 17(16):5947.
• Eze NM, Maduabum FO, Onyeke NG et al. Awareness of food nutritive value and eating practices among Nigerian bank workers: Implications for nutritional counseling and education. Med.2017; 96(10).
• Jakicic JM, Powell KE, Campbell WW et al. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical activity and the prevention of weight gain in adults: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019; 51(6):1262.
• Krebs-Smith SM, Pannucci TE, Subar AF et al. Update of the healthy eating index: HEI-2015.J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2018; 118(9):1591-602.
• Kim S, Haines PS, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM. The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) provides an effective tool for cross-national comparison of diet quality as illustrated by China and the United States. J Nutr. 2003; 133(11):3476-84.
• Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. New England journal of medicine. N Engl J Med 1997; 336(16):1117-24.
• Morze J, Danielewicz A, Hoffmann G, Schwingshackl L. Diet quality as assessed by the healthy eating index, alternate healthy eating index, dietary approaches to stop hypertension score, and health outcomes: a second update of a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2020; 120(12):1998-2031.
• Du H, van der A DL, Ginder V et al. Dietary energy density in relation to subsequent changes of weight and waist circumference in European men and women. PLoS One 2009; 4(4):e5339.
• Hlebowicz J, Drake I, Gullberg B et al. A high diet quality is associated with lower incidence of cardiovascular events in the Malmö diet and cancer cohort. PLoS One. 2013; 8(8):e71095.
• Akhlaghi M, Ghobadi S, Zare M, Foshati S. Effect of nuts on energy intake, hunger, and fullness, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2020; 60(1):84-93.
• Richter CK, Skulas-Ray AC, Champagne CM, Kris-Etherton PM. Plant protein and animal proteins: do they differentially affect cardiovascular disease risk? Adv. Nutr 2015; 6(6):712-28.
• Hagströmer M, Oja P, Sjöström M. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a study of concurrent and construct validity. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(6):755-62
• Turkey Ministry of Health: Turkish Public Health Institution Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi 2022. Yayın No: 1031, Ankara: 2022
• Gretebeck KA, Bailey T, Gretebeck RJ. A minimal contact diet and physical activity intervention for white-collar workers. Workplace Health Saf. 2017; 65(9):417-23.
• Pate RR, Ross SE, Liese AD, Dowda M. Associations among physical activity, diet quality, and weight status in US adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47(4):743.
• Bilgiç P, Öteleş S. Is Metabolic Health Affected From Dietary Quality and Sedentary Time in Obesity Phenotypes? Hacet. Egit. Derg. 2019;6(1):39-54
• Yıldırım MP, Özcan BA. The Relationship of the Diet Energy Density with the Diet Quality and the Anthropometric Measurements. Bes Diy Derg. 2021:1-9
• Kachan D, Lewis JE, Davila EP et al. Nutrient intake and adherence to dietary recommendations among US workers. J. Occup. Environ. Med. J. 2012; 54(1):101.
• Millar SR, Navarro P, Harrington JM, Perry IJ, Phillips CM. Dietary quality determined by the healthy eating index-2015 and biomarkers of chronic low-grade inflammation: A cross-sectional analysis in middle-to-older aged adults. Nutrients. 2021; 13(1):222.
• Bal E, Malkoç N. Evaluation of the relationship between life and diet qualities of students in faculty of life sciences. J. Phys. Educ. Sport. 2020; 18(3):157-68.
• Kaya Y, Düğeroğlu H, Karataş A, Özbilen M. Effects of DASH dietary and exercise on metabolic parameters in prehypertensive patients. Ortadogu Medical Journal. 2018; 10(2):167-73.
• Mellen PB, Gao SK, Vitolins MZ, Goff DC. Deteriorating dietary habits among adults with hypertension: DASH dietary accordance, NHANES 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Arch. Intern. Med. 2008; 168(3):308-14.
• Kaya Y, Dugeroglu H, Karataş A, Ozbilen M. Effects of DASH dietary and exercise on metabolic parameters in prehypertensive patients. Ortadoğu Tıp Derg. 2018; 10(2):167-73.
• Kahleova H, Lloren JI, Mashchak A, Hill M, Fraser GE. Meal frequency and timing are associated with changes in body mass index in Adventist Health Study 2. J Nutr. 2017; 147(9):1722-8.
• Zubery D, Kimiywe J, Martin HD. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity, and Its Associated Factors Among Health-care Workers, Teachers, and Bankers in Arusha City, Tanzania. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:455.
• Slagter SN, Corpeleijn E, Van Der Klauw MM et al.Dietary patterns and physical activity in the metabolically (UN) healthy obese: the Dutch Lifelines cohort study. Nutr. J. 2018; 17(1):1-4.
• Akdevelioğlu Y. Nutritional status of bank employees. AUHSJ 2012 ;( 1):15-20.
• Strauss M, Foshag P, Brzek A, Vollenberg R, Jehn U, Leischik R. Metabolic syndrome in female police officers and female office workers: a cross-sectional study in occupations with different physical activities. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3487.
• Subaşı Z. The effect of nutrition education towards on healthy nutrition perceptions and attitudes, given to individuals working in a private institution. Başkent University, Institute of Medical Science, Nutrition and Dietetic Master’s Thesis, 2019.
• Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD et al. 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63(25 Part B):2960-84.
• Smiljanec K, Lennon SL. Sodium, hypertension, and the gut: does the gut microbiota go salty? Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. AM J. 2019; 317(6): H1173-82.
• Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in prevention and therapy. Nutrients. 2015; 7(9):8199-226.
• Tarleton EK. Factors influencing magnesium consumption among adults in the United States. Nutr. Rev. 2018; 76(7):526-38.
• Ketelhut S, Ketelhut SR, Ketelhut K. School-based exercise intervention improves blood pressure and parameters of arterial stiffness in children: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatric exercise science. 2020 Sep 16; 33(1):1-7.
• Pana TA, Dehghani M, Baradaran HR et al. Calcium intake, calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the British population: EPIC-Norfolk prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2021; 36(7):669-83.
• Wolfson JA, Leung CW, Richardson CR. More frequent cooking at home is associated with higher Healthy Eating Index-2015 score. Public Health Nutr. 2020; 23(13):2384-94.
• Özduran G, Yücecan SE. Determining the diet quality, sleep quality and obesity status of undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study. Prog Nutr. 2021 Jan 1; 23(4):e2021190.
• Gifkins J, Johnston A, Loudoun R. The impact of shift work on eating patterns and self-care strategies utilizeded by experienced and inexperienced nurses. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35(6):811-20.
• Lin TT, Guo YL, Gordon C et al. Association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption as meal substitutes, workload, and obesity in nurses: A cross-sectional study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019; 16(24):4984:1-9.
• Narisada A, Suzuki K. Association between procrastination, white-collar work and obesity in Japanese male workers: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(11):e029931.