Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 264 - 279, 30.09.2017

Arzu Sahin

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.686

Abstract

References

  • Atanasijević, J., & Božović, M. 2016, “Exchange rate as a determinant of corporate loan defaults in a euroized economy: Evidence from micro-level data”, Eastern European Economics, 54(3), 228-250. doi:10.1080/00128775.2015.1137198.
  • Beck, T., Lin, C., & Ma, Y. 2014, “Why Do Firms Evade Taxes? The Role Of Information Sharing And Financial Sector Outreach”, Journal of Finance, 69 (2), 763-817. doi:10.1111/jofi.12123.
  • Berge, T. O., & Boye, K. G. 2007, “An analysis of banks' problem loans”, Economic Bulletin, (2), 65. .http://static.norges- ank.no/pages/60660/an_analysis_of_bank's_problem_loans_Economic_Bulletin_2_2007-2.pdf
  • Berger, A., & DeYoung, R. 1997, “Problem loans and cost efficiency in commercial banks”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 21(6), 849-870. doi:10.1016/S0378-4266(97)00003-4.
  • Boss, M. 2002, A Macroeconomic credit risk model for stress testing the Austrian credit portfolio. In Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Eds.), Financail Stability Report 4 (pp. 64-82). Vienna: Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Printing Office
  • Brown, M., & Zehnder, C. 2007, “Credit Reporting, relationship banking, and loan repayment”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, (8). 1883-1918.
  • Brown, M., Jappelli, T., & Pagano, M. 2009, “Information sharing and credit: Firm-level evidence from transition countries”, Journal of Financial Intermediation, 18, 151-172. doi:10.1016/j.jfi.2008.04.002.
  • Büyükkarabacak, B., & Valev, N. 2012, “Credit information sharing and banking crises: An empirical investigation”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 34 (3), 788-800. doi:10.1016/j.jmacro.2012.03.002.
  • Cifter, A., Yilmazer, S., & Cifter, E. 2009, “Analysis of sectoral credit default cycle dependency with wavelet networks: Evidence from Turkey”, Economic Modelling, 26, 1382-1388.
  • Daly, K. & Vo, X.V. 2013, “The determinants of home bias puzzle in equity portfolio investment in Australia”, International Rewiew of Financial Analysis, 27, 34-42.
  • Dierkes, M., Erner, C., Langer, T., & Norden, L. 2013, “Business credit information sharing and default risk of private firms”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 37, 2867-2878. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.03.018.
  • Djankov, S., McLiesh, C., & Shleifer, A. 2007, “Private credit in 129 countries”, Journal of Financial Economics, 84, 299-329. doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.03.004.
  • Doblas, M. A., & Minetti, R. 2013, “Sharing information in the credit market: Contract-level evidence from US firms”, Journal of Financial Economics, 109(1), 198-223.
  • Doing Business. 2017, “Doing Business 2017, Getting Credit: Credit information. Casting a wide net to expand financial inclusion. 58-64”, http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/case-studies/2016/gc-credit-info 31.01.2017.
  • Fofack, H. 2005, “Non-Performing loans in Sub-Saharan Africa: Causal analysis and macroeconomic implications”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3769, World Bank, Washington.
  • Giannetti, C., & Jentzsch, N. 2013, “Credit reporting, financial intermediation and identification systems: International evidence”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 33, 60-80. doi:10.1016/j.jimonfin.2012.10.005.
  • Güriş, S., Çağlayan, E. & Güriş, B. 2013, Eviews ile temel ekonometri. İstanbul: Der Kitabevi. ISBN:978-975-353-370-6.
  • Houston, J. F., Lin, C., Lin, P., & Ma, Y. 2010, “Creditor rights, information sharing, and bank risk taking”, Journal of Finanial Economics, 96, 485-512. doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.02.008.
  • International Finance Corporation. 2012, “Credit Reporting Knowledge Guide.1-120”, http://www.ifc.org, 14.02.2017.
  • Isik, O., & Bolat, S.2016, “Determinants of non-performing loans of deposit banks in Turkey”, Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 5 (4), 341-350. ISSN: 2146 – 7943.
  • Jaffee, D. M., & Russell, T. 1976, “Imperfect information, Uucertainty and credit rationing”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 4, 651-666.
  • Jakubik, P., & C. Schmieder. 2008, “Stress testing credit risk: Comparison of the Czech Republic and Germany”, Working paper, Bank for International Settlements, Financial Stability Institute, Basel, Switzerland. http://www.bis.org, 15.02.2017.
  • Jappelli, T., & Pagano, M. 2002, “Information sharing, lending and defaults: Cross-country evidence”, Journal of Banking And Finance, 26, 2017-2045. doi:10.1016/S0378-4266(01)00185-6.
  • Jiménez, G., & J. Saurina. 2006, “Credit cycles, credit risk, and prudential regulation”, International Journal of Central Banking, 2 (2):65–98. http://www.ijcb.org/journal/ijcb06q2a3.pdf.
  • Kallberg, J. G., & Udell, G. F. 2003, “The value of private sector business credit information sharing: The US case”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 27, 449-469. doi:10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00387-4.
  • Kaufman, D., Kraay, A. & Mastruzzi, M. 2003, “Governance matters III: Governance indicators for 1996-2002”. Washington: World Bank.
  • Kaufman, D., Kraay, A. & Mastruzzi, M. 2008, “Governance matters VII: Aggregate and individual governance Indicators for 1996-2007”, Worldbank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 4654.
  • Kaufman, D., Kraay, A. & Mastruzzi, M. 2009, “Governance Matters VIII: Aggregate and individual governance indicators for 1996-2008”, Worldbank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 4978.
  • Kaufman, D., Kraay, A. & Mastruzzi, M. 2010, “The Worldwide Governance Indicators: A Summary of Methodology, Data and Analytical Issues”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 5430.
  • La Porta, R., Lopez-De-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. & Vishny, R. W. 1997, “Legal determinants of external finance”, Journal of Finance, 52 (3), 1131–1150.
  • Lyman, T., Lythgoe,T., Miller, M., Reille, M. & Sankaranarayan., S.2011, “Credit reporting at the base of the pyramid: Key Issues and Success Factors. FORUM 1”, Washington, D.C.: CGAP and IFC.
  • Long, J. S. & Ervin, L. H. 2000, “Using heteroscedasticity consistent standard errors in the linear regression model”, The American Statistician, 54 (3), 217-224.
  • Louzis, D. P., Vouldis, A. T., & Metaxas, V. L. 2012, “Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: A comparative study of mortgage, business and consumer loan portfolios” Journal of Banking & Finance, (4). 1012.
  • Miller, M. 2003, Credit reporting around the globe: the state of the art in public credit registries and private credit reporting firms. In: Miller, M. (Ed.), Credit Reporting Systems and International Economy. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 25–80.
  • Padilla, A.J., & Pagano, M. 1997, “Endogenous communication among lenders and entrepreneurial incentives”, The Review of Financial Studies, 10 (1). 205-236.
  • Padilla, A.J., & Pagano, M. 2000, “Sharing default information as a borrower discipline device”, European Economic Review, 44(10), 19511980. doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(00)00055-6.
  • Pagano, M., & Jappelli, T. 1993, “Information sharing in credit markets”, Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1693-1718.
  • Peria, M.S.M., & Singh, S. 2014, “ The impact of credit information sharing reforms on firm financing”, Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7013. World Bank Group, Washington, DC. © World Bank.
  • Powell, A., Mylenko,N., Miller, M., & Majnoni G. 2004, “Improving credit ınformation, bank regulation and supervision: On the role and design of public credit registries”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3443.
  • Ranjan, R., &S. C. Dhal. 2003, “Non-performing loans and terms of credit of public sector banks in India: An Empirical Assessment”, Occasional Papers 24, No. 3, Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai, India.
  • Rinaldi, L., & Sanchis, A. A. 2006, “Household debt sustainability: What explains household non-performing loans? An empirical analysis”, ECB Working Paper.
  • Salas, V., & Saurina, J. 2002, “Credit risk in two institutional regimes: Spanish commercial and savings banks”, Journal of Financial Services Research, (3), 203.
  • Stiglitz, J. E., & Weiss, A. 1981, “Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information”, The American Economic Review, 71 (3). 393-410.
  • Şahin, A., Doğukanlı, H., & Şengül, S. 2016, “Determinants of equity home bias in Turkey”, Journal of Accounting and Finance, 72, 163-186. ISSN: 2146-3042.
  • White, H. 1980, “A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity”, Econometrica, 48 (4), 817–838.
  • World Bank. 2011, “General principles for credit reporting”, Washington DC: World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/FINANCIALSECTOR/Resources/Credit_Reporting_text.pdf, 06.04.2017
  • Yağcılar, G.G. & Demir, S. 2015, “Determination of the factors effecting non-performing loans in Turkish banking sector”, International Journal of Alanya Faculty of Business, 7 (1), 221-229. Web references
  • http://www.doingbusiness.org, 23. 02.2017 http://www.doingbusiness.org/Methodology/Getting-Credit, 31.01.2017 http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/case-studies/2016/gc-credit-info, 31.01.2017
  • http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploretopics/getting-credit, 23.02.2017
  • http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/global-reports/doing-business-2017, 12.06.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org, 23.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FB.AST.NPER.ZS?view=chart, 23.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?view=chart, 12.06.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FR.INR.RINR?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.KD.ZG?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FB.BNK.CAPA.ZS?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/#home, 20.02.20017 http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/#doc, 30.05.2017 www.govindicator.org, 30.05.2017
  • http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWBIGOVANTCOR/Resources/govmatters3_wber.pdf, 04.07.2017
  • https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/60613.pdf, 15.02.2017

NON-FINANCIAL CREDIT INFORMATION SHARING AND NON-PERFORMING LOANS: AN ANALYSIS USING DOING BUSINESS DATABASE

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 264 - 279, 30.09.2017

Arzu Sahin

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.686

Abstract

Purpose- This paper suggests that sharing of credit information from
non-financial information sources decrease the non-performing loan rate. To
analyze whether the differences in non-financial information sharing across
countries have any effect on the percentage of nonperforming loan, a sample of
55 countries from Doing Business 2017 is analyzed.

Methodology- Cross
section regressions on country level data for the year 2015 is estimated by
Ordinary Least Squares Method.

Findings- Analysis findings reveal that availability of non-financial
credit information from retails and utilities companies, as addition to
financial sources, in a credit reporting institution lower the bank
non-performing loan rates.

Conclusion- It can be concluded that the payment behavior
reported by non-financial information providers can cause to a reduction in
information asymmetries between lenders and borrowers.  

Keywords

Credit information sharing non-financial information comprehensive credit reporting non-performing loans

References

  • Atanasijević, J., & Božović, M. 2016, “Exchange rate as a determinant of corporate loan defaults in a euroized economy: Evidence from micro-level data”, Eastern European Economics, 54(3), 228-250. doi:10.1080/00128775.2015.1137198.
  • Beck, T., Lin, C., & Ma, Y. 2014, “Why Do Firms Evade Taxes? The Role Of Information Sharing And Financial Sector Outreach”, Journal of Finance, 69 (2), 763-817. doi:10.1111/jofi.12123.
  • Berge, T. O., & Boye, K. G. 2007, “An analysis of banks' problem loans”, Economic Bulletin, (2), 65. .http://static.norges- ank.no/pages/60660/an_analysis_of_bank's_problem_loans_Economic_Bulletin_2_2007-2.pdf
  • Berger, A., & DeYoung, R. 1997, “Problem loans and cost efficiency in commercial banks”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 21(6), 849-870. doi:10.1016/S0378-4266(97)00003-4.
  • Boss, M. 2002, A Macroeconomic credit risk model for stress testing the Austrian credit portfolio. In Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Eds.), Financail Stability Report 4 (pp. 64-82). Vienna: Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Printing Office
  • Brown, M., & Zehnder, C. 2007, “Credit Reporting, relationship banking, and loan repayment”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, (8). 1883-1918.
  • Brown, M., Jappelli, T., & Pagano, M. 2009, “Information sharing and credit: Firm-level evidence from transition countries”, Journal of Financial Intermediation, 18, 151-172. doi:10.1016/j.jfi.2008.04.002.
  • Büyükkarabacak, B., & Valev, N. 2012, “Credit information sharing and banking crises: An empirical investigation”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 34 (3), 788-800. doi:10.1016/j.jmacro.2012.03.002.
  • Cifter, A., Yilmazer, S., & Cifter, E. 2009, “Analysis of sectoral credit default cycle dependency with wavelet networks: Evidence from Turkey”, Economic Modelling, 26, 1382-1388.
  • Daly, K. & Vo, X.V. 2013, “The determinants of home bias puzzle in equity portfolio investment in Australia”, International Rewiew of Financial Analysis, 27, 34-42.
  • Dierkes, M., Erner, C., Langer, T., & Norden, L. 2013, “Business credit information sharing and default risk of private firms”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 37, 2867-2878. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.03.018.
  • Djankov, S., McLiesh, C., & Shleifer, A. 2007, “Private credit in 129 countries”, Journal of Financial Economics, 84, 299-329. doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.03.004.
  • Doblas, M. A., & Minetti, R. 2013, “Sharing information in the credit market: Contract-level evidence from US firms”, Journal of Financial Economics, 109(1), 198-223.
  • Doing Business. 2017, “Doing Business 2017, Getting Credit: Credit information. Casting a wide net to expand financial inclusion. 58-64”, http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/case-studies/2016/gc-credit-info 31.01.2017.
  • Fofack, H. 2005, “Non-Performing loans in Sub-Saharan Africa: Causal analysis and macroeconomic implications”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3769, World Bank, Washington.
  • Giannetti, C., & Jentzsch, N. 2013, “Credit reporting, financial intermediation and identification systems: International evidence”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 33, 60-80. doi:10.1016/j.jimonfin.2012.10.005.
  • Güriş, S., Çağlayan, E. & Güriş, B. 2013, Eviews ile temel ekonometri. İstanbul: Der Kitabevi. ISBN:978-975-353-370-6.
  • Houston, J. F., Lin, C., Lin, P., & Ma, Y. 2010, “Creditor rights, information sharing, and bank risk taking”, Journal of Finanial Economics, 96, 485-512. doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.02.008.
  • International Finance Corporation. 2012, “Credit Reporting Knowledge Guide.1-120”, http://www.ifc.org, 14.02.2017.
  • Isik, O., & Bolat, S.2016, “Determinants of non-performing loans of deposit banks in Turkey”, Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 5 (4), 341-350. ISSN: 2146 – 7943.
  • Jaffee, D. M., & Russell, T. 1976, “Imperfect information, Uucertainty and credit rationing”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 4, 651-666.
  • Jakubik, P., & C. Schmieder. 2008, “Stress testing credit risk: Comparison of the Czech Republic and Germany”, Working paper, Bank for International Settlements, Financial Stability Institute, Basel, Switzerland. http://www.bis.org, 15.02.2017.
  • Jappelli, T., & Pagano, M. 2002, “Information sharing, lending and defaults: Cross-country evidence”, Journal of Banking And Finance, 26, 2017-2045. doi:10.1016/S0378-4266(01)00185-6.
  • Jiménez, G., & J. Saurina. 2006, “Credit cycles, credit risk, and prudential regulation”, International Journal of Central Banking, 2 (2):65–98. http://www.ijcb.org/journal/ijcb06q2a3.pdf.
  • Kallberg, J. G., & Udell, G. F. 2003, “The value of private sector business credit information sharing: The US case”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 27, 449-469. doi:10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00387-4.
  • Kaufman, D., Kraay, A. & Mastruzzi, M. 2003, “Governance matters III: Governance indicators for 1996-2002”. Washington: World Bank.
  • Kaufman, D., Kraay, A. & Mastruzzi, M. 2008, “Governance matters VII: Aggregate and individual governance Indicators for 1996-2007”, Worldbank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 4654.
  • Kaufman, D., Kraay, A. & Mastruzzi, M. 2009, “Governance Matters VIII: Aggregate and individual governance indicators for 1996-2008”, Worldbank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 4978.
  • Kaufman, D., Kraay, A. & Mastruzzi, M. 2010, “The Worldwide Governance Indicators: A Summary of Methodology, Data and Analytical Issues”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 5430.
  • La Porta, R., Lopez-De-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. & Vishny, R. W. 1997, “Legal determinants of external finance”, Journal of Finance, 52 (3), 1131–1150.
  • Lyman, T., Lythgoe,T., Miller, M., Reille, M. & Sankaranarayan., S.2011, “Credit reporting at the base of the pyramid: Key Issues and Success Factors. FORUM 1”, Washington, D.C.: CGAP and IFC.
  • Long, J. S. & Ervin, L. H. 2000, “Using heteroscedasticity consistent standard errors in the linear regression model”, The American Statistician, 54 (3), 217-224.
  • Louzis, D. P., Vouldis, A. T., & Metaxas, V. L. 2012, “Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: A comparative study of mortgage, business and consumer loan portfolios” Journal of Banking & Finance, (4). 1012.
  • Miller, M. 2003, Credit reporting around the globe: the state of the art in public credit registries and private credit reporting firms. In: Miller, M. (Ed.), Credit Reporting Systems and International Economy. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 25–80.
  • Padilla, A.J., & Pagano, M. 1997, “Endogenous communication among lenders and entrepreneurial incentives”, The Review of Financial Studies, 10 (1). 205-236.
  • Padilla, A.J., & Pagano, M. 2000, “Sharing default information as a borrower discipline device”, European Economic Review, 44(10), 19511980. doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(00)00055-6.
  • Pagano, M., & Jappelli, T. 1993, “Information sharing in credit markets”, Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1693-1718.
  • Peria, M.S.M., & Singh, S. 2014, “ The impact of credit information sharing reforms on firm financing”, Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7013. World Bank Group, Washington, DC. © World Bank.
  • Powell, A., Mylenko,N., Miller, M., & Majnoni G. 2004, “Improving credit ınformation, bank regulation and supervision: On the role and design of public credit registries”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3443.
  • Ranjan, R., &S. C. Dhal. 2003, “Non-performing loans and terms of credit of public sector banks in India: An Empirical Assessment”, Occasional Papers 24, No. 3, Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai, India.
  • Rinaldi, L., & Sanchis, A. A. 2006, “Household debt sustainability: What explains household non-performing loans? An empirical analysis”, ECB Working Paper.
  • Salas, V., & Saurina, J. 2002, “Credit risk in two institutional regimes: Spanish commercial and savings banks”, Journal of Financial Services Research, (3), 203.
  • Stiglitz, J. E., & Weiss, A. 1981, “Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information”, The American Economic Review, 71 (3). 393-410.
  • Şahin, A., Doğukanlı, H., & Şengül, S. 2016, “Determinants of equity home bias in Turkey”, Journal of Accounting and Finance, 72, 163-186. ISSN: 2146-3042.
  • White, H. 1980, “A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity”, Econometrica, 48 (4), 817–838.
  • World Bank. 2011, “General principles for credit reporting”, Washington DC: World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/FINANCIALSECTOR/Resources/Credit_Reporting_text.pdf, 06.04.2017
  • Yağcılar, G.G. & Demir, S. 2015, “Determination of the factors effecting non-performing loans in Turkish banking sector”, International Journal of Alanya Faculty of Business, 7 (1), 221-229. Web references
  • http://www.doingbusiness.org, 23. 02.2017 http://www.doingbusiness.org/Methodology/Getting-Credit, 31.01.2017 http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/case-studies/2016/gc-credit-info, 31.01.2017
  • http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploretopics/getting-credit, 23.02.2017
  • http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/global-reports/doing-business-2017, 12.06.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org, 23.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FB.AST.NPER.ZS?view=chart, 23.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?view=chart, 12.06.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FR.INR.RINR?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.KD.ZG?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FB.BNK.CAPA.ZS?view=chart, 24.02.2017
  • http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/#home, 20.02.20017 http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/#doc, 30.05.2017 www.govindicator.org, 30.05.2017
  • http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWBIGOVANTCOR/Resources/govmatters3_wber.pdf, 04.07.2017
  • https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/60613.pdf, 15.02.2017
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Arzu Sahin

Publication Date September 30, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sahin, A. (2017). NON-FINANCIAL CREDIT INFORMATION SHARING AND NON-PERFORMING LOANS: AN ANALYSIS USING DOING BUSINESS DATABASE. Journal of Business Economics and Finance, 6(3), 264-279. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.686

Journal of Business, Economics and Finance (JBEF) is a scientific, academic, double blind peer-reviewed, quarterly and open-access journal. The publication language is English. The journal publishes four issues a year. The issuing months are March, June, September and December. The journal aims to provide a research source for all practitioners, policy makers and researchers working in the areas of business, economics and finance. The Editor of JBEF invites all manuscripts that that cover theoretical and/or applied researches on topics related to the interest areas of the Journal. JBEF charges no submission or publication fee.



Ethics Policy - JBEF applies the standards of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). JBEF is committed to the academic community ensuring ethics and quality of manuscripts in publications. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden and the manuscripts found to be plagiarized will not be accepted or if published will be removed from the publication. Authors must certify that their manuscripts are their original work. Plagiarism, duplicate, data fabrication and redundant publications are forbidden. The manuscripts are subject to plagiarism check by iThenticate or similar. All manuscript submissions must provide a similarity report (up to 15% excluding quotes, bibliography, abstract, method).


Open Access - All research articles published in PressAcademia Journals are fully open access; immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Open access is a property of individual works, not necessarily journals or publishers. Community standards, rather than copyright law, will continue to provide the mechanism for enforcement of proper attribution and responsible use of the published work, as they do now.