Therapeutic Efficacy of Malachite Green-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 305 - 311, 22.03.2023

Serçin Özlem Çalışkan , Ömer Furkan Duran , Cem Aslan , Hüsne Özen , Metin Çalışkan , Rahşan Ilıkçı Sağkan

https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1251398

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Aim: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease characterized by relapse and treatment resistance in most patients. Therefore, there is a need for targeted therapies in AML. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative for the treatment of malignant tumors. Also, PDT has the potential to be used individually or complementally in the treatment of leukemia. In this study, it was aimed to investigate possible the effect of malachite green (MG)-based PDT on acute myeloid leukemia cells.
Materials and Methods: Cells were incubated with 0.19, 0.39, 0.78,1.56, 3.125, and 6.25 µM MG for one hour and irradiated with 46.4 J/cm2 of light. The trypan blue test was used to assess the viability of cells, and the change in mitochondrial activity was determined by MTT. Morphological features were determined by Giemsa staining and scanning electron microscopy. Cell cycle and Annexin V/PI assays (measuring fluorescence emitted by staining reagents) were measured by flow cytometry.
Results: With the combination of MG and light, HL60 cell viability was found to be significantly reduced compared to the control group. Giemsa staining and SEM results showed that 3.125 μM MG-based PDT induced various morphological changes in cells typical for apoptosis. Late apoptosis was observed in cells treated with 3.125 μM MG combined PDT according to Annexin/PI staining, further showing that it caused an arrest in the subG1 phase of the cell cycle.
Conclusion: MG-based PDT has the potential to inactivate HL60 cells. Thus, MG-based PDT may ensure a promising approach for treating acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Keywords

HL60 cells, Malachite green, Photodynamic therapy, Apoptosis

Supporting Institution

A part of this study was supported by a research grant from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TUBİTAK

Project Number

1919B011902306

Akut Miyeloid Lösemide Malahit Yeşili-Bazlı Fotodinamik Tedavinin Terapötik Etkinliği

Abstract

Amaç: Akut miyeloid lösemi (AML), çoğu hastada nüks ve tedavi direnci ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Bu yüzden AML de hedefleme tedavilerine ihtiyaç vardır. Fotodinamik tedavi (FDT), malign tümörlerin tedavisi için umut verici bir alternatiftir. Aynı zamanda FDT, lösemi tedavisinde tek başına veya tamamlayıcı olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışmada malahit yeşili (MG) aracılı FDT'nin akut miyeloid lösemi hücreleri üzerindeki olası etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hücreler 0.19, 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.125 ve 6.25 μM MG ile bir saat süreyle inkübe edildi ve 46.4 J/cm2 ışık ışınına tabi tutuldu. Hücrelerin canlılığını değerlendirmek için tripan mavisi testi kullanıldı ve mitokondriyal aktivite değişikliği MTT ile belirlendi. Morfolojik özellikler Giemsa boyama ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile belirlenmiştir. Hücre döngüsü ve Annexin V/PI testleri (boyama reaktifleri tarafından yayılan floresan ölçümü) akım sitometrisi ile ölçüldü.
Bulgular: MG ve ışık kombinasyonu ile HL60 hücre canlılığının kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede azaldığı bulunmuştur. Giemsa boyama ve SEM sonuçları, 3.125 μM MG aracılı FDT’nin,hücrelerde apoptoz için tipik olan çeşitli morfolojik değişikliği indüklediğini göstermiştir. Annexin/PI boyamasına göre 3.125 μM MG kombine FDT ile tedavi edilen hücrelerde geç apoptoz gözlenmiş, ayrıca hücre döngüsünde subG1 fazında bir durmaya neden olduğunu göstermiştir.
Sonuç: MG aracılı FDT, HL60 hücrelerini inaktive etme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu nedenle, MG bazlı FDT, akut miyeloid lösemi hücreleri için umut verici bir yaklaşım sağlayabilir.

Keywords

HL60 hücreleri, Malahit yeşili, Fotodinamik tedavi, Apoptoz

Project Number

1919B011902306

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