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The Prognostic Value of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index in Children with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 5, 879 - 884, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1347034
An Erratum to this article was published on July 31, 2024. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jcm/issue/84932/1498011

Abstract

Backgrounds: Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless and colorless gas that forms when organic materials burn incompletely. Children are more susceptible to CO poisoning than adults because their respiratory and immune systems are still developing. The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) is a marker that reflects the balance between inflammation and immunity.
Aims: In this study, we investigate the relationship between CO poisoning in children and SII.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study involving pediatric patients (age <18 years) diagnosed with CO poisoning and treated at XXX University Training and Research Hospital, a tertiary medical center, from January 2018 to January 2023. We included consecutive pediatric patients (age <18 years) with CO poisoning who had available clinical and laboratory data and were treated at our hospital.
Results: The study included 393 patients with a mean age of 7.24 (± 4.67) years, of whom 184 (46.8%) were male. When comparing COHb groups, significant statistical differences emerged between the groups regarding GCS, pH levels, occurrences of dizziness, confusion, seizures, lethargy, and prognosis (p<0.05). When comparing lactate groups, significant differences were observed between the groups concerning GCS, COHb levels, pH levels, occurrences of confusion, lethargy, prognosis, and LOS (p<0.05). Upon evaluating the SII, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of gender, COHb levels, lactate levels, LOS, and prognosis.
Conclusion: SII cannot be considered a reliable predictor of the severity of carbon monoxide poisoning in children. Despite the evident inflammatory response triggered by exposure to carbon monoxide, the SII did not consistently correlate with the varying degrees of poisoning severity.

References

  • [1] Piantadosi CA. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2004;31(1):167-77. PMID: 15233173.f
  • [2] Ghosh RE, Close R, McCann LJ, Crabbe H, Garwood K, Hansell AL, Leonardi G. Analysis of hospital admissions due to accidental non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning in England, between 2001 and 2010. J Public Health (Oxf). 2016;38(1):76-83. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdv026. Epub 2015. PMID: 25755248; PMCID: PMC4750524..
  • [3] Uysalol M, Uysalol E, Saracoglu G, Kayaoglu S. A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric emergency service for carbon monoxide intoxication. Balkan Med J. 2011;28(3).
  • [4] Marchi AG, Renier S, Messi G, Barbone F. Childhood poisoning: a population study in Trieste, Italy, 1975-1994. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(8):687-95. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00045-6. PMID: 9743317.
  • [5] Lee FY, Chen WK, Lin CL, Kao CH. Carbon monoxide poisoning and subsequent cardiovascular disease risk: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(10):e624. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000624. PMID: 25761191; PMCID: PMC4602477.
  • [6] Roderique JD, Josef CS, Feldman MJ, Spiess BD. A modern literature review of carbon monoxide poisoning theories, therapies, and potential targets for therapy advancement. Toxicology. 2015;334:45-58. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.05.004. Epub 2015 May 18. PMID: 25997893.
  • [7] Celik B, Nalcacioglu H, Ozcatal M, Altuner Torun Y. Role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in identifying complicated appendicitis in the pediatric emergency department. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2019;25(3):222-228. English. doi: 10.5505/tjtes.2018.06709. PMID: 31135939.
  • [8] Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, Sun YF, Sun C, Guo W, Zhang X, Wang WM, Qiu SJ, Zhou J, Fan J. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(23):6212-22. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0442. Epub 2014 Sep 30. PMID: 25271081.
  • [9] Kinoshita H, Türkan H, Vucinic S, Naqvi S, Bedair R, Rezaee R, Tsatsakis A. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicol Rep. 2020;7:169-173. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.01.005. PMID: 32015960; PMCID: PMC6992844.
  • [10] Hampson NB, Piantadosi CA, Thom SR, Weaver LK. Practice recommendations in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Dec 1;186(11):1095-101. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201207-1284CI. Epub 2012. PMID: 23087025.
  • [11] Pollmächer T, Hinze-Selch D, Mullington J. Effects of clozapine on plasma cytokine and soluble cytokine receptor levels. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996;16(5):403-9. doi: 10.1097/00004714-199610000-00011. PMID: 8889915.

Karbon Monoksit Zehirlenmesi Olan Çocuklarda Sistemik İmmün İnflamasyon İndeksinin Prognostik Değeri

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 5, 879 - 884, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1347034
An Erratum to this article was published on July 31, 2024. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jcm/issue/84932/1498011

Abstract

Background: Karbon monoksit (CO), organik maddelerin eksik yanmasıyla oluşan kokusuz ve renksiz bir gazdır. Çocuklar CO zehirlenmesine yetişkinlerden daha duyarlıdır çünkü solunum ve bağışıklık sistemleri hala gelişmektedir. Sistemik immün inflamasyon indeksi (SII), inflamasyon ve bağışıklık arasındaki dengeyi yansıtan bir belirteçtir.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, çocuklarda CO zehirlenmesi ile SII arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırdık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2018 - Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak bir tıp merkezi olan XXX Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nde CO zehirlenmesi tanısı alan ve tedavi edilen çocuk hastaları (18 yaş altı) içeren retrospektif gözlemsel bir çalışma yürüttük. Klinik ve laboratuvar verileri mevcut olan ve hastanemizde tedavi edilen CO zehirlenmesi olan ardışık çocuk hastaları (yaş <18) dahil ettik.
Sonuçlar: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 7,24 (± 4,67) yıl olan ve 184'ü (%46,8) erkek olan 393 hasta dahil edildi. COHb grupları karşılaştırıldığında, GKS, pH düzeyleri, baş dönmesi, konfüzyon, nöbet, letarji ve prognoz açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı istatistiksel farklılıklar ortaya çıktı (p<0.05). Laktat grupları karşılaştırıldığında, GKS, COHb seviyeleri, pH seviyeleri, konfüzyon, letarji, prognoz ve LOS açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar gözlenmiştir (p<0,05). SII değerlendirildiğinde, gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır.
Tartışma: SII, çocuklarda karbon monoksit zehirlenmesinin şiddetinin güvenilir bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilemez. Karbon monoksit maruziyetinin tetiklediği bariz inflamatuar tepkiye rağmen SII, değişen derecelerdeki zehirlenme şiddetiyle tutarlı bir şekilde korelasyon göstermedi.

References

  • [1] Piantadosi CA. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2004;31(1):167-77. PMID: 15233173.f
  • [2] Ghosh RE, Close R, McCann LJ, Crabbe H, Garwood K, Hansell AL, Leonardi G. Analysis of hospital admissions due to accidental non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning in England, between 2001 and 2010. J Public Health (Oxf). 2016;38(1):76-83. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdv026. Epub 2015. PMID: 25755248; PMCID: PMC4750524..
  • [3] Uysalol M, Uysalol E, Saracoglu G, Kayaoglu S. A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric emergency service for carbon monoxide intoxication. Balkan Med J. 2011;28(3).
  • [4] Marchi AG, Renier S, Messi G, Barbone F. Childhood poisoning: a population study in Trieste, Italy, 1975-1994. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(8):687-95. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00045-6. PMID: 9743317.
  • [5] Lee FY, Chen WK, Lin CL, Kao CH. Carbon monoxide poisoning and subsequent cardiovascular disease risk: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(10):e624. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000624. PMID: 25761191; PMCID: PMC4602477.
  • [6] Roderique JD, Josef CS, Feldman MJ, Spiess BD. A modern literature review of carbon monoxide poisoning theories, therapies, and potential targets for therapy advancement. Toxicology. 2015;334:45-58. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.05.004. Epub 2015 May 18. PMID: 25997893.
  • [7] Celik B, Nalcacioglu H, Ozcatal M, Altuner Torun Y. Role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in identifying complicated appendicitis in the pediatric emergency department. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2019;25(3):222-228. English. doi: 10.5505/tjtes.2018.06709. PMID: 31135939.
  • [8] Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, Sun YF, Sun C, Guo W, Zhang X, Wang WM, Qiu SJ, Zhou J, Fan J. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(23):6212-22. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0442. Epub 2014 Sep 30. PMID: 25271081.
  • [9] Kinoshita H, Türkan H, Vucinic S, Naqvi S, Bedair R, Rezaee R, Tsatsakis A. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicol Rep. 2020;7:169-173. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.01.005. PMID: 32015960; PMCID: PMC6992844.
  • [10] Hampson NB, Piantadosi CA, Thom SR, Weaver LK. Practice recommendations in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Dec 1;186(11):1095-101. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201207-1284CI. Epub 2012. PMID: 23087025.
  • [11] Pollmächer T, Hinze-Selch D, Mullington J. Effects of clozapine on plasma cytokine and soluble cytokine receptor levels. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996;16(5):403-9. doi: 10.1097/00004714-199610000-00011. PMID: 8889915.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pediatric Emergency
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Emine Özdemir Kaçer 0000-0002-0111-1672

Publication Date September 30, 2023
Acceptance Date September 20, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 5

Cite

AMA Özdemir Kaçer E. The Prognostic Value of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index in Children with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. J Contemp Med. September 2023;13(5):879-884. doi:10.16899/jcm.1347034