Leisure Time Demand and Determinants in Turkey

Year 2019, Issue: 59, 45 - 62, 03.07.2019

Selçuk Gemicioğlu , Uğur Akkoç

https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2018-0004

Abstract

It was proposed for the first time by Becker (1965) that time allocation should be included in the decision processes of economic agents and accepted as a production input at the time. Together with Granou (1977), economic analysis of the components of household production and of the time individuals spent outside the market became important. Turkey ranks first in terms of men’s paid work and women’s unpaid work hours among OECD countries. With the changing nature of society, man’s position of “breadwinner” has changed in the distribution of work-loads with an increase in women’s participation in the labor force. In this context, Turkey has a special position in terms of gender differences and time allocation and time use. In this study, Turkey’s leisure time demands were analyzed. With this in mind, leisure time demands for men and women - were estimated separately using Time Use data (TUS) 2014-2015 presented by TURKSTAT. When the results are examined, an obvious difference between genders in leisure time demand can be seen. The main reason is that theburden of unpaid household work reduces the flexibility of leisure time for women. However, the most important determinants of leisure time are wages and education level - which is the usual price of leisure time.

Keywords

Household economics, employment, time use, microeconometrics, gender inequality

Türkiye’de Boş Zaman Talebi ve Belirleyicileri

Abstract

Zaman dağılımının iktisadi ajanların karar süreçlerine dahil edilmesi ve zamanın bir üretim girdisi olarak kabul edilmesi ilk kez Becker (1965) tarafından önerilmiştir. Granou (1977) ile birlikte ise, bireyin piyasa dışında geçirdiği zamanın ve hane içi üretimin bileşenlerinin iktisadi analizi önem kazanmıştır. Türkiye, erkeklerde ücretli çalışma, kadınlarda ise ücretsiz hane içi emek yükü bakımından OECD ülkeleri arasında zirvede yer almaktadır. Toplumun değişen yapısı ile beraber erkeğin “ailenin geçimini sağlayan kişi” konumu, kadınların işgücüne katılımının artması ile birlikte iş yüklerinin dağılımını değiştirmiştir. Dolayısıyla zaman dağılımı ve zaman dağılımındaki cinsiyet farkı bakımından incelemeye özel bir konumdadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’ de boş zaman talebi analiz edilmiştir. Bu amaçla, TÜİK tarafından sunulan Zaman Kullanımı Anketi (ZKA) 2014-2015 verileri kullanılarak, erkekler ve kadınlar için boş zaman talebi ayrı ayrı tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, boş zaman talebindeki cinsiyet farkı oldukça belirgin olduğu görülmüştür. Farkın başlıca nedeni ücretsiz hane içi emek yükünün; kadınların boş zaman talebinin esnekliğini azaltmasıdır. Bununla beraber, boş zaman talebinin en önemli belirleyicileri, boş zamanın adeta fiyatı olan ücret ve eğitim düzeyidir.

Keywords

Hanehalkı ekonomisi, istihdam, zaman kullanımı, mikroekonometri, cinsiyet eşitsizliği

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