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SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SEÇİLİ DERSLİKLERİNİN İÇ ÇEVRE KALİTESİ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 811 - 818, 19.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.541011

Abstract

Öğrencilerin eğitim gördükleri çevrenin onların tüm davranışlarını
etkilediği hususu bugün bilimsel bir gerçek olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu
yüzden etkili ve başarılı eğitim için bu çevrenin düzenlenmesi gereklidir. Bu
kapsamda, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi (SDÜ) dersliklerindeki mevcut iç çevre
kalitesinin belirlenebilmesi ve durumun ortaya konulması amacıyla,  bu çalışmada 
SDÜ’nün 3 farklı fakültesinde (Mühendislik, Teknoloji ve Hukuk
Fakülteleri) yer alan toplamda 86 dersliğin CO2, sıcaklık, nem,
aydınlatma ve gürültü seviyeleri ölçülmüş ve elde edilen değerler mevcut
standartlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada ortalama sıcaklık 18,5 oC  (Mühendislik Fak.) ile 29 oC
(Hukuk Fak.), nem %16,6 (Mühendislik Fak.) ile %54,4 (Teknoloji Fak.), CO2
629 ppm (Mühendislik Fak.)  ile 3924 ppm
(Mühendislik Fak.), aydınlatma 202 lüx (Mühendislik Fak.) ile 866 lüx
(Mühendislik Fak.) ve gürültü değerleri ise 27,4 dBa (Hukuk Fak.) ile 55,3 dBa
(Mühendislik Fak.) arasında değişmektedir. Ayrıca, yüksek doluluk oranına sahip
olan dersliklerde doğal havalandırmanın yetersiz kaldığı ve oldukça yüksek  CO2 değerlerinin elde edildiği
görülmüştür. Genel olarak ölçümlerin gerçekleştirildiği fakülteler göz önüne
alındığında, mevcut dersliklerde bir aydınlatma, gürültü ve nem probleminin
olmadığı ancak Mühendislik Fakültesi binasının eski olmasından dolayı binadaki
bazı dersliklerin yeterince ısıtılamadığı, buna karşın Hukuk Fakültesindeki
dersliklerin ise aşırı ısıtıldığı yani Fakültelerdeki ısıtma sistemlerinin
yeterince verimli ve istenilen randımanda çalıştırılamadığı görülmüştür.  

References

  • Abdallah, A.S.H., 2017. Thermal Monitoring and Evaluation of Indoor CO2 Concentration in Classrooms of Two Primary Governmental Schools in New Assiut City, Egypt, Procedia Engineering, 205, 1093-1099.
  • Alberta Infrastructure (Government of Alberta Ministry of Infrastructure), 2003. Indoor Air Quality Guideline, Technical Services Branch–2003, Edmonton, 10 pages
  • Açıkgöz, A. (2013). Bir üniversitedeki adölesan ve erişkinlerde hasta bina sendromu belirtilerinin CO2 ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Hava Kirliliği Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2 , 21–27.
  • Akal D., Yurdakul S., Civan M., Tuncel G., Ersan H.Y. 2015. Sources of volatile organic compounds in a university building, Environmental Forensics, 16, 173-185.
  • ASHRAE (1989) Standard-62. Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Atlanta, GA, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers.
  • ASHRAE (2013) Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Atlanta, GA, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers.
  • Bina Bülteni 101, (2006) Okul Binalarının Havalandırılması, Yönetmelik, Standartlar, Tasarım Kriterleri, Versiyon 1.4.
  • Bulgurcu H., Ilten N., Cosgun A., 2006. Okullarda Iç hava kalitesi problemleri ve çözümler, Tesisat mühendisliği dergisi, 96, 59-72.
  • Daisey, JM, Angell, WJ, Apte, MG 2003. Indoor air quality, ventilation and health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information. Indoor Air. 13( 1): 53‐ 64.
  • Dorizas, P.V., Assimakopoulos, M.N., Helmis, C., Santamouris, M., 2015. An integrated evaluation study of the ventilation rate, the exposure and the indoor air quality in naturally ventilated classrooms in the Mediterranean region during spring, Science of the Total Environment 502, 557–570.
  • Ekmekcioglu, D., Keskin, S.S., 2007. Characterization of indoor air particulate matter in selected elementary schools in Istanbul, Turkey.Indoor and Built Environment, 16,169-176.
  • Ekren, O., Karadeniz, Z.H., Atmaca, I., Cicek , T.U., Sofuoglu, S.C.,Toksoy, M., 2017. Assessment and improvement of indoor environmental quality in a primary school, Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 23, 391–402.
  • EN 12464-1:2011 Işık ve Aydınlatma-İş Yerlerinin Aydınlatması, Kısım 1: Kapalı Çalışma Alanları Standardı (2011)
  • Erlalelitepe, İ., Aral, D., Kazanasmaz, T., Eğitim Yapılarının Doğal Aydınlatma Performansı Açısından İncelenmesi, Megaron, 6 (1), 39-51.
  • Fadeyi, M.O., Alkhaja, K., Sulayem, M.B., Abu-Hijleh, B. 2014. Evaluation of indoor environmental quality conditions in elementraz schools’ clasrooms in the United Arab Emirates. Frontries of Architectrual Research, 3, 166-177.
  • Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U., Shaughnessy, R.J. 2015. Effects of Classroom Ventilation Rate and Temperature on Students' Test Scores. PLoS One. 10(8):e0136165.
  • Jones, BM, Kirby, R. 2012. Indoor air quality in U.K. school classrooms ventilated by natural ventilation windcatchers, International Journal of Ventilation, 10 (4), 323–338.
  • Jurado, S.R., Bankoff, A.D.P., Sanchez, A., 2014. Indoor Air Quality in Brazilian Universities, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 7081-7093.
  • Kus, M., Okuyan, C., Bulut, H., Bulgurcu, H. 2008. Üniversite dersliklerinde iç hava kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. 8. Uluslararası Yapıda Tesisat Teknolojisi Sempozyumu, 12–14 Mayıs, İstanbul, 223–237.
  • Lee, S.C., Chang, M. 2000, Indoor and outdoor air quality investigation at schools in Hong Kong, Chemosphere 41, 109-113.
  • Myhrvold, A.N., E. Olsen, and O. Lauridsen 1996. Indoor environment in schools—Pupils health and performance in regard to CO2 concentrations.” Proceedings, Indoor Air ‘96: The 7th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. Nagoya, Japan. 4:369-371.
  • Morova, N., Şener, E., Terzi S., Beyhan, M., Harman, B.İ. 2010. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yerleşkesinin Gürültü Haritalarının Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ile Hazırlanmasıö Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14 (3), 271-278.
  • Okulların akustik tasarımı: Performans standartları, 2015.https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/400784/BB93_February_2015.pdf.
  • Okullardaki çocukların zararlılardan ve böcek ilaçlarından korunması 2002. US EPA 735-F-02-014.
  • Okullardaki iç mekanların boyanması ve iç ortam hava kalitesi (1994) Bruce Jacobs. Maryland State Department of Education, Division of Business Services, School Facilities Branch, 200 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
  • Okullarda iç ortam kalitesi, 2003. En iyi yönetim uygulamaları, Washington Eyaleti Sağlık Bakanlığı,https://www.doh.wa.gov/portals/1/Documents/Pubs/333-044.pdf.
  • prEN 15251-2006. İç hava kalitesi, termal çevre, aydınlatma ve akustiğe hitaben binalarda enerji performansının değerlendirilmesi ve dizaynı için gerekli iç ortam parametreleri yönetmeliği.
  • Puteh, M., Ibrahim, M.H., Adnan, M., Ahmad, C.N.C., Noh, N.M., 2012. Thermal comfort in classroom: constraints and issues, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 ( 2012 ) 1834 – 1838.
  • Satish, U., Mendell, M.J., Shekhar, K,, Hotchi, T., Sullivan, D., Streufert, S., Fisk, W.J., 2012. Is CO2 an indoor pollutant? Direct effects of low-to-moderate CO2 concentrations on human decision-making performance. Environ Health Perspect. 2012, 120 (12),1671-1677.
  • Shendell, D.G., Prill, R., Fisk, W.J., Apte, M.G., Blake, D., Faulkner, D., 2004. Associations between classroom CO2 concentrations and student attendance in Washington and Idaho, Indoor Air, 14, 5, 333-341.
  • Sofuoglu, S.C., Aslan, G., Inal, F., Sofuoglu, A. 2011. An assessment of indoor air concentra tions and health risks of volatile organic compounds in three primary schools, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 214, 36–46,
  • Teli, D., Patrick, A., James, B., Jentsch, M.F. 2013. Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated primaryschool classrooms. Build Res Inf, 41(3):301–16.
  • Ugranli, T., Toprak, M., Gursoy, G., Cimrin, A.H., Sofuoglu, S.C., 2015. Indoor environmental quality in chemistry and chemical engineering laboratories at Izmir Institute of Technology, Atmospheric Pollution Research 6, 147‐153.
  • Wargocki, P.,Wyon, D.P. 2007. The effects of outdoor air supply rate and supply air filter condition in classrooms on the performance of schoolwork by children. HVAC&R Res, 13(2):165–91.
  • Yurdakul,S., Civan, M., Özden, Ö., Gaga, E., Döğeroğlu, T., Tuncel, G., 2016. Spatial variation of VOCs and inorganic pollutants in a university building,Atmospheric Pollution Research, doi:10.1016/j.apr.2016.07.001
  • Yurdakul, S., Civan, M., Doğan, G., Üzmez, Ö.Ö., Gaga, E., Döğeroğlu, T., Ayaklı, G., Tuncel, G. 2019. Vertical variation and source evaluation of VOCs and inorganic pollutants in a university building, Environmental Forensics, 19, 4. 327-340.

INVESTIGATION OF THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY OF THE SELECTED CLASSROOMS OF THE SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 811 - 818, 19.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.541011

Abstract

Today, environment in
which the students are educated affects all their behaviors are accepted as a
scientific fact. Therefore, the environment should be organized in accordance
with successful and effective education. For this purpose, CO2,
temperature, humidity, lighting and noise levels were measured and the values
obtained were compared with the current standards in 86 classrooms located in
the Engineering, Technology and Law Faculties of Suleyman Demirel University
(SDU), in order to determine the existing indoor quality of the classrooms in
SDU and to reveal the real situation. In the study, the average temperatures varied
from 18.5 oC (Faculty of Engineering) to 29 oC (Faculty
of Law), humidity varied from 16.6% (Faculty of Engineering) to 54.4% (Faculty
of Technology), CO2 varied from 629 ppm (Faculty of Engineering) to 3924
ppm (Faculty of Engineering), lighting varied from 202 lux (Faculty of
Engineering) to 866 lux (Faculty of Engineering) and noise varied from 27.4 dBa
(Faculty of Law) to 55.3 dBa (Faculty of Engineering). Furthermore, it was
observed that in the classrooms with high occupancy rate, natural ventilation
was insufficient and high CO2 values were obtained. In general, the
faculties in which the measurements were carried out were considered, it was
seen that there was no lighting, noise and humidity problems in the existing
classrooms. However, although some classrooms located in the buildings of the
Faculty of Engineering which has the oldest buildings in the campus could not
be heated sufficiently, it was observed that some of the classrooms were
overheated in Faculty of the Law. Therefore, it has been seen that heating
systems in faculties cannot be operated efficiently and in desired performance. 

References

  • Abdallah, A.S.H., 2017. Thermal Monitoring and Evaluation of Indoor CO2 Concentration in Classrooms of Two Primary Governmental Schools in New Assiut City, Egypt, Procedia Engineering, 205, 1093-1099.
  • Alberta Infrastructure (Government of Alberta Ministry of Infrastructure), 2003. Indoor Air Quality Guideline, Technical Services Branch–2003, Edmonton, 10 pages
  • Açıkgöz, A. (2013). Bir üniversitedeki adölesan ve erişkinlerde hasta bina sendromu belirtilerinin CO2 ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Hava Kirliliği Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2 , 21–27.
  • Akal D., Yurdakul S., Civan M., Tuncel G., Ersan H.Y. 2015. Sources of volatile organic compounds in a university building, Environmental Forensics, 16, 173-185.
  • ASHRAE (1989) Standard-62. Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Atlanta, GA, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers.
  • ASHRAE (2013) Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Atlanta, GA, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers.
  • Bina Bülteni 101, (2006) Okul Binalarının Havalandırılması, Yönetmelik, Standartlar, Tasarım Kriterleri, Versiyon 1.4.
  • Bulgurcu H., Ilten N., Cosgun A., 2006. Okullarda Iç hava kalitesi problemleri ve çözümler, Tesisat mühendisliği dergisi, 96, 59-72.
  • Daisey, JM, Angell, WJ, Apte, MG 2003. Indoor air quality, ventilation and health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information. Indoor Air. 13( 1): 53‐ 64.
  • Dorizas, P.V., Assimakopoulos, M.N., Helmis, C., Santamouris, M., 2015. An integrated evaluation study of the ventilation rate, the exposure and the indoor air quality in naturally ventilated classrooms in the Mediterranean region during spring, Science of the Total Environment 502, 557–570.
  • Ekmekcioglu, D., Keskin, S.S., 2007. Characterization of indoor air particulate matter in selected elementary schools in Istanbul, Turkey.Indoor and Built Environment, 16,169-176.
  • Ekren, O., Karadeniz, Z.H., Atmaca, I., Cicek , T.U., Sofuoglu, S.C.,Toksoy, M., 2017. Assessment and improvement of indoor environmental quality in a primary school, Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 23, 391–402.
  • EN 12464-1:2011 Işık ve Aydınlatma-İş Yerlerinin Aydınlatması, Kısım 1: Kapalı Çalışma Alanları Standardı (2011)
  • Erlalelitepe, İ., Aral, D., Kazanasmaz, T., Eğitim Yapılarının Doğal Aydınlatma Performansı Açısından İncelenmesi, Megaron, 6 (1), 39-51.
  • Fadeyi, M.O., Alkhaja, K., Sulayem, M.B., Abu-Hijleh, B. 2014. Evaluation of indoor environmental quality conditions in elementraz schools’ clasrooms in the United Arab Emirates. Frontries of Architectrual Research, 3, 166-177.
  • Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U., Shaughnessy, R.J. 2015. Effects of Classroom Ventilation Rate and Temperature on Students' Test Scores. PLoS One. 10(8):e0136165.
  • Jones, BM, Kirby, R. 2012. Indoor air quality in U.K. school classrooms ventilated by natural ventilation windcatchers, International Journal of Ventilation, 10 (4), 323–338.
  • Jurado, S.R., Bankoff, A.D.P., Sanchez, A., 2014. Indoor Air Quality in Brazilian Universities, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 7081-7093.
  • Kus, M., Okuyan, C., Bulut, H., Bulgurcu, H. 2008. Üniversite dersliklerinde iç hava kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. 8. Uluslararası Yapıda Tesisat Teknolojisi Sempozyumu, 12–14 Mayıs, İstanbul, 223–237.
  • Lee, S.C., Chang, M. 2000, Indoor and outdoor air quality investigation at schools in Hong Kong, Chemosphere 41, 109-113.
  • Myhrvold, A.N., E. Olsen, and O. Lauridsen 1996. Indoor environment in schools—Pupils health and performance in regard to CO2 concentrations.” Proceedings, Indoor Air ‘96: The 7th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. Nagoya, Japan. 4:369-371.
  • Morova, N., Şener, E., Terzi S., Beyhan, M., Harman, B.İ. 2010. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yerleşkesinin Gürültü Haritalarının Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ile Hazırlanmasıö Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14 (3), 271-278.
  • Okulların akustik tasarımı: Performans standartları, 2015.https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/400784/BB93_February_2015.pdf.
  • Okullardaki çocukların zararlılardan ve böcek ilaçlarından korunması 2002. US EPA 735-F-02-014.
  • Okullardaki iç mekanların boyanması ve iç ortam hava kalitesi (1994) Bruce Jacobs. Maryland State Department of Education, Division of Business Services, School Facilities Branch, 200 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
  • Okullarda iç ortam kalitesi, 2003. En iyi yönetim uygulamaları, Washington Eyaleti Sağlık Bakanlığı,https://www.doh.wa.gov/portals/1/Documents/Pubs/333-044.pdf.
  • prEN 15251-2006. İç hava kalitesi, termal çevre, aydınlatma ve akustiğe hitaben binalarda enerji performansının değerlendirilmesi ve dizaynı için gerekli iç ortam parametreleri yönetmeliği.
  • Puteh, M., Ibrahim, M.H., Adnan, M., Ahmad, C.N.C., Noh, N.M., 2012. Thermal comfort in classroom: constraints and issues, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 ( 2012 ) 1834 – 1838.
  • Satish, U., Mendell, M.J., Shekhar, K,, Hotchi, T., Sullivan, D., Streufert, S., Fisk, W.J., 2012. Is CO2 an indoor pollutant? Direct effects of low-to-moderate CO2 concentrations on human decision-making performance. Environ Health Perspect. 2012, 120 (12),1671-1677.
  • Shendell, D.G., Prill, R., Fisk, W.J., Apte, M.G., Blake, D., Faulkner, D., 2004. Associations between classroom CO2 concentrations and student attendance in Washington and Idaho, Indoor Air, 14, 5, 333-341.
  • Sofuoglu, S.C., Aslan, G., Inal, F., Sofuoglu, A. 2011. An assessment of indoor air concentra tions and health risks of volatile organic compounds in three primary schools, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 214, 36–46,
  • Teli, D., Patrick, A., James, B., Jentsch, M.F. 2013. Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated primaryschool classrooms. Build Res Inf, 41(3):301–16.
  • Ugranli, T., Toprak, M., Gursoy, G., Cimrin, A.H., Sofuoglu, S.C., 2015. Indoor environmental quality in chemistry and chemical engineering laboratories at Izmir Institute of Technology, Atmospheric Pollution Research 6, 147‐153.
  • Wargocki, P.,Wyon, D.P. 2007. The effects of outdoor air supply rate and supply air filter condition in classrooms on the performance of schoolwork by children. HVAC&R Res, 13(2):165–91.
  • Yurdakul,S., Civan, M., Özden, Ö., Gaga, E., Döğeroğlu, T., Tuncel, G., 2016. Spatial variation of VOCs and inorganic pollutants in a university building,Atmospheric Pollution Research, doi:10.1016/j.apr.2016.07.001
  • Yurdakul, S., Civan, M., Doğan, G., Üzmez, Ö.Ö., Gaga, E., Döğeroğlu, T., Ayaklı, G., Tuncel, G. 2019. Vertical variation and source evaluation of VOCs and inorganic pollutants in a university building, Environmental Forensics, 19, 4. 327-340.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Articlessi \ Research Articles
Authors

Sema Yurdakul 0000-0002-1728-1588

Nihat Ayyıldız 0000-0002-1734-4251

Vesile Ecem Çelik This is me 0000-0002-9753-3764

Esra İçöz This is me

Publication Date December 19, 2019
Submission Date March 17, 2019
Acceptance Date May 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yurdakul, S., Ayyıldız, N., Çelik, V. E., İçöz, E. (2019). SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SEÇİLİ DERSLİKLERİNİN İÇ ÇEVRE KALİTESİ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 7(4), 811-818. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.541011