Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

A NEW IMPERCEPTIBLE STEGANOGRAPHY METHOD FOR GRAYSCALE IMAGES

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 357 - 365, 25.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.537183

Abstract

A standard Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm changes average 50% of the least significant bits of an image. This causes approximately a 0.2% distortion on a grayscale image. Therefore, the application of LSB on non-sharp grayscale images causes too much noise that can be easily detected by the human visual system. In addition; when the image is scanned pixel by pixel, hidden message can be easily read by unauthorized persons. A robust and imperceptible block-based LSB steganography method is developed in this study. First, cover image is divided into blocks, then median geometric mean and arithmetic mean of each block is calculated to select blocks those contain less detail of the image. Method has an advantage of calculating data load capacity of image before embedding process. Proposed method also makes it difficult for unauthorized people to detect hidden messages. Performance of the method is measured by mathematical methods such as MSE, PSNR and SSIM. The method achieved structured similarity score over 0.9999% on four test images, indicating a 20-fold better result than the standard LSB algorithm.

References

  • Brainos, A., 2004. A Study of steganography and the Art of Hiding Information, Security Writer.
  • Chandramouli, R., Memon, N., 2001. Analysis of LSB based image steganography techniques, Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, 3(1), 1019 – 1022.
  • Cheddad, A. Condell, J., Curran, K., McKevitt, P., 2010. Digital Image Steganography: Survey and Analysis of Current Methods, Signal Processing, 90(1), 727–752.
  • Chopra, D., Gupta, P., Sanjay, G., Gupta, A., 2012. Lsb Based Digital Image Watermarking For Gray Scale Image, IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, 6(1), 36-41.
  • Chore, A.M., Tiwari, N., 2017. Survey on Different Methods of Digital Audio Watermarking, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 7(6), 113-116.
  • Eggers, J.J., Bauml, R., Girod, B., 2002. A Communications Approach to Image Steganography, Proceedings of SPIE, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV San Jose, California, USA.
  • Hamid, N., Yahya, A., Ahmad, R.B., Al-Qershi, O.M., 2012. Image Steganography Techniques: An Overview, International Journal of Computer Science and Security (IJCSS), 6(1), 3012, 168-187.
  • Hamza, Y.A., 2008. Blok Kırpma Kodlamasına ve Ayrık Dalgacık Dönüşümüne Dayalı, Dayanıklı Dijital Renkli Resim Damgalama Sistemi, Anadolu University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, 92p.
  • Jain, N., Meshram, S., Dubey, S., 2012. Image Steganography Using LSB and Edge Detection Technique, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, 2(3), 217-222.
  • Johnson, N.F., Jajodia, S., 1998. Exploring Steganography: Seeing the Unseen, IEEE Computer, 26−34.
  • Luo, W., Huang, F., Huang, J., 2010. Edge Adaptive Image Steganography Based on LSB Matching Revisited, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 5(2).
  • Por, L.Y., Delina, B., 2008. Information Hiding: A New Approach in Text Steganography, 7th WSEAS Int. Conference on Applied Computer & Applied Computational Science (ACACOS '08), Hangzhou, China.
  • Swanson, M.D., Zhu, B., Tewfik, A.H., 1996. Transparent robust image watermarking, International Conference on Image Processing, 3(1), 211-214, Laussane, Switzerland.
  • Şatır, E., (2013). Bilgi Güvenliği İçin Metin Steganografisinde Yeni Bir Yaklaşım, Selçuk University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, 82p.
  • Yalman, Y., Ertürk, İ., 2009. Gerçek Zamanlı Video Kayıtlarına Veri Gizleme Uygulaması, XI. Academic Informatics Conference Presentations, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey, 545-552.
  • Yu, Y.H., Chang, C.C., Hu, Y.C., 2005. Hiding secret data in images via predictive coding, Pattern Recognition, 38(1), 691–705.

GRİ TONLAMALI GÖRÜNTÜLER İÇİN YENİ BİR ALGILANAMAZ STEGANOGRAFİ YÖNTEMİ

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 357 - 365, 25.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.537183

Abstract

Standart bir En Önemsiz Bit (EÖB) algoritması, bir görüntünün en az önemli bitlerinin ortalama %50' sini değiştirir. Bu durum gri tonlamalı bir görüntüde yaklaşık olarak %0,2 bozulmaya neden olur. Bu nedenle, keskin olmayan gri tonlamalı görüntülerde EÖB uygulaması, insan görsel sistemi tarafından kolayca tespit edilebilecek çok fazla gürültüye neden olur. Ek olarak; görüntü piksel piksel tarandığında, gizli mesaj yetkisiz kişilerce kolayca okunabilir. Bu çalışmada sağlam ve algılanamayan blok tabanlı EÖB steganografi yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. İlk önce kapak resmi bloklara bölünür, sonra görüntünün daha az ayrıntılarını içeren blokları tespit etmek için her bir bloğun medyan geometrik ortalaması ve aritmetik ortalaması hesaplanır. Yöntemin, veri gizleme işleminden önce görüntünün veri yükü kapasitesini hesaplayabilme avantajı vardır. Geliştirilen yöntem ayrıca yetkisiz kişilerin gizli mesajları tespit etmelerini zorlaştırır. Yöntemin performansı MSE, PSNR ve SSIM gibi matematiksel yöntemlerle ölçülmüştür. Yöntem, dört test görüntüsünde %0,9999' un üzerinde yapısal benzerlik skoru elde etmiştir ve standart EÖB algoritmasından 20 kat daha iyi sonuç alındığı gösterilmiştir.

References

  • Brainos, A., 2004. A Study of steganography and the Art of Hiding Information, Security Writer.
  • Chandramouli, R., Memon, N., 2001. Analysis of LSB based image steganography techniques, Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, 3(1), 1019 – 1022.
  • Cheddad, A. Condell, J., Curran, K., McKevitt, P., 2010. Digital Image Steganography: Survey and Analysis of Current Methods, Signal Processing, 90(1), 727–752.
  • Chopra, D., Gupta, P., Sanjay, G., Gupta, A., 2012. Lsb Based Digital Image Watermarking For Gray Scale Image, IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, 6(1), 36-41.
  • Chore, A.M., Tiwari, N., 2017. Survey on Different Methods of Digital Audio Watermarking, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 7(6), 113-116.
  • Eggers, J.J., Bauml, R., Girod, B., 2002. A Communications Approach to Image Steganography, Proceedings of SPIE, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV San Jose, California, USA.
  • Hamid, N., Yahya, A., Ahmad, R.B., Al-Qershi, O.M., 2012. Image Steganography Techniques: An Overview, International Journal of Computer Science and Security (IJCSS), 6(1), 3012, 168-187.
  • Hamza, Y.A., 2008. Blok Kırpma Kodlamasına ve Ayrık Dalgacık Dönüşümüne Dayalı, Dayanıklı Dijital Renkli Resim Damgalama Sistemi, Anadolu University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, 92p.
  • Jain, N., Meshram, S., Dubey, S., 2012. Image Steganography Using LSB and Edge Detection Technique, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, 2(3), 217-222.
  • Johnson, N.F., Jajodia, S., 1998. Exploring Steganography: Seeing the Unseen, IEEE Computer, 26−34.
  • Luo, W., Huang, F., Huang, J., 2010. Edge Adaptive Image Steganography Based on LSB Matching Revisited, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 5(2).
  • Por, L.Y., Delina, B., 2008. Information Hiding: A New Approach in Text Steganography, 7th WSEAS Int. Conference on Applied Computer & Applied Computational Science (ACACOS '08), Hangzhou, China.
  • Swanson, M.D., Zhu, B., Tewfik, A.H., 1996. Transparent robust image watermarking, International Conference on Image Processing, 3(1), 211-214, Laussane, Switzerland.
  • Şatır, E., (2013). Bilgi Güvenliği İçin Metin Steganografisinde Yeni Bir Yaklaşım, Selçuk University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, 82p.
  • Yalman, Y., Ertürk, İ., 2009. Gerçek Zamanlı Video Kayıtlarına Veri Gizleme Uygulaması, XI. Academic Informatics Conference Presentations, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey, 545-552.
  • Yu, Y.H., Chang, C.C., Hu, Y.C., 2005. Hiding secret data in images via predictive coding, Pattern Recognition, 38(1), 691–705.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Computer Software
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hüseyin Bilal Macit 0000-0002-5325-5416

Arif Koyun 0000-0001-6701-363X

Publication Date June 25, 2020
Submission Date March 8, 2019
Acceptance Date June 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Macit, H. B., & Koyun, A. (2020). A NEW IMPERCEPTIBLE STEGANOGRAPHY METHOD FOR GRAYSCALE IMAGES. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(2), 357-365. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.537183