Davraz Mountain, Isparta, Carbonate Aquifer, Hydrogeochemical Process, Conceptual Model

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 669 - 692, 28.06.2023

Selma Demer

https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1248714

Abstract

In this study, to determine the hydrogeochemical evolution of the groundwater in the Davraz Mountain (Isparta) carbonate aquifer, the hydrogeochemical conceptual model of the waters was defined depending on the tectonic and geological characteristics of the region. A total of representative twenty-one groundwater samples were collected from the study area and it was determined that the waters were divided into three different groundwater facies: (a) Ca-HCO3, (b) Ca-Mg-HCO3, and (c) Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4. In some samples partially high SO42- and NO3- concentrations are associated with domestic and agricultural activities. The main factor controlling the groundwater chemistry in the study area is the water-rock interaction and the dissolution of calcite and dolomite is the dominant geochemical process. The pCO2 values of the groundwater samples in the study area were higher than the atmospheric pCO2 also accelerated the carbonate dissolution. Thus, calcite and dolomite, the main mineral phases in the aquifer were dissolved by the water-rock interaction and increasing the Ca and Mg concentrations of the waters. The positive SIcalcite and SIdolomite values of the waters show that these minerals control the hydrochemical composition of the groundwater in the aquifer. The mineral stability diagram for the carbonate system shows that the waters in the study area are in equilibrium with Mg-calcite and that Mg-calcite is the main carbonate mineral in deep reservoirs. According to the hydrogeochemical conceptual model, precipitation waters falling on carbonate rocks took some carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and formed carbonic acid. While this water was infiltrated underground, it dissolved Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3- in the carbonate rocks in which it circulated, resulting in the formation of Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 waters.

Keywords

Davraz Mountain, Isparta, Carbonate Aquifer, Hydrogeochemical Process, Conceptual Model

DAVRAZ DAĞI (ISPARTA) VE ÇEVRESİNDE KARBONAT AKİFERDE BULUNAN YER ALTI SUYUNUN HİDROJEOKİMYASAL GELİŞİMİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Davraz Dağı (Isparta) karbonat akiferindeki yeraltısuyunun hidrojeokimyasal evrimini belirlemek amacıyla, bölgenin tektonik ve jeolojik özelliklerine bağlı olarak suların hidrojeokimyasal kavramsal modeli tanımlanmıştır. İnceleme alanından toplam 21 adet temsili yeraltısuyu örneği alınmış ve suların üç farklı fasiyeste olduğu belirlenmiştir: (a) Ca-HCO3, (b) Ca-Mg-HCO3 ve (c) Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4. Ölçülen kısmen yüksek SO42- ve NO3- konsantrasyonları evsel ve tarımsal faaliyetlerle ilişkilidir. İnceleme alanında yeraltısuyu kimyasını denetleyen temel faktör su-kayaç etkileşimidir ve kalsit ve dolomit çözünmesi baskın jeokimyasal süreçlerdir. Çalışma alanındaki yeraltısuyu örneklerinin pCO2 değerlerinin, atmosferik pCO2’den daha yüksek olması karbonat çözünmesini hızlandırmış, su-kaya etkileşimi ile akiferdeki başlıca mineral fazları olan kalsit ve dolomit çözünerek suların Ca ve Mg konsantrasyonlarını artırmıştır. Suların SIkalsit ve SIdolomit değerlerinin pozitif olması bu minerallerin akifer ortamda yeraltısuyunun hidrokimyasal bileşimini kontrol ettiğini göstermektedir. Karbonat sistemi için mineral stabilite diyagramı çalışma alanındaki suların, Mg-kalsit ile dengede olduğunu ve bu mineralin derin rezervuarlardaki ana karbonat minerali olduğunu göstermektedir. Hidrojeokimyasal kavramsal modele göre karbonat kayaçlar üzerine düşen yağış suları, atmosferden bir miktar karbondioksiti alarak karbonik asit oluşturmuştur. Bu su yeraltına süzülürken, içinde dolaşım yaptığı karbonat kayaçlarda bulunan Ca2+, Mg2+ ve HCO3-’ü çözerek Ca-HCO3 ve Ca-Mg-HCO3 karakterinde suların oluşmasını sağlamıştır.

Keywords

Davraz Dağı, Isparta, Karbonat Akifer, Hidrojeokimyasal Proses, Kavramsal Model

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