Year 2022,
, 850 - 863, 10.12.2022
Damla Ayduğ
,
Hakan Altınpulluk
References
- Akbaba, S. (2006). Eğitimde motivasyon. Kazım Karabekir Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(13), 343-361.
- Altınpulluk, H. (2021a). Türkiye’deki öğretim üyelerinin Covid-19 küresel salgın sürecindeki uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarına ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(1), 53-89.
- Altinpulluk, H. (2021b). Determining the Trends of Motivation Research in Distance Education. In H. Ucar, & A. Kumtepe (Eds.), Motivation, Volition, and Engagement in Online Distance Learning (pp. 77-99). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7681-6.ch004.
- Artino, A.R. (2008). Motivational beliefs and perceptions of instructional quality: predicting satisfaction with online training. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 24(3), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2007.00258.x
- Chen, K. C., & Jang, S. J. (2010). Motivation in online learning: Testing a model of self‐determination theory. Computers in Human Behaviour, 26(4), 741–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.01.011
- Childers, G., & Jones, M. G. (2017). Learning from a distance: high school students’ perceptions of virtual presence, motivation, and science identity during a remote microscopy investigation. International Journal of Science Education, 39(3), 257-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2016.1278483
- Clark, M. H., & Schroth, C. A. (2010). Examining relationships between academic motivation and personality among college students. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(1), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2009.10.002
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. (2nd Edition). Erlbaum.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th Edition). Routledge.
- Dawson, B., & Trapp, R.G. (2001). Basic and clinical biostatistics (3rd Ed.). Lange Medical Books-McGraw Hill.
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The what and the why of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
- Deci, E., Vallerand, R., Pelletier, L., & Ryan, R. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. Educational Psychologist, 26(3 & 4), 325–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1991.9653137
- Direktör, C., & Nuri, C. (2017). Benlik saygısının akademik motivasyon üzerindeki etkisi: Otomatik düşüncenin aracı rolü. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.316130
- Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2001). Educational psychology. (5th Edition), Merrill Prentice Hall.
- Ergin, A., & Karataş, H. (2018). Achievement-oriented motivation levels of university students. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 33(4), 868-887. https://doi.org/10.16986/huje.2018036646
- Fırat, M., Kılınç, H., & Yüzer, T. V. (2018). Level of intrinsic motivation of distance education students in e‐learning environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12214
- Goulimaris, D. (2015). The relation between dıstance education students' motivation and satisfaction. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 16(2), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.50678
- Green, J., Nelson, G., Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. (2006). The causal ordering of self-concept and academic motivation and its effect on academic achievement. International Education Journal, 7(4), 534-546.
- Hartnett, M., St George, A., & Dron, J. (2011). Examining motivation in online distance learning environments: Complex, multifaceted, and situation-dependent. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(6), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v12i6.1030
- Johnson, R., Stewart, C., & Bachman, C. (2015). What drives students to complete online courses? What drives faculty to teach online? Validating a measure of motivation orientation in university students and faculty. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(4), 528-543. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2013.788037
- Jones, A., & Issroff, K. (2005). Learning technologies: Affective and social issues in computer‐supported collaborative learning. Computers & Education, 44(4), 395–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2004.04.004
- Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (15. Baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Karataş, H., & Erden, M. (2014). Academic motivation: Gender, domain and grade differences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 708-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.469
- Khalid, A. A. (2014). The influence of prerequisite grades on students’ performance: Further evidence from Kuwait. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2015.0056
- Kuvaas, B., Buch, R., Weibel, A., Dysvik, A., & Nerstad, C. G. (2017). Do intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relate differently to employee outcomes?. Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 244-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2017.05.004
- Loizzo, J., Ertmer, P. A., Watson, W. R., & Watson, S. L. (2017). Adult MOOC learners as self-directed: Perceptions of motivation, success, and completion. Online Learning, 21(2), https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v21i2.889
- Malinauskas, R., & Požėrienė, J. (2020). Academic motivation among traditional and online university students. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 9(3), 584-591. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2020.3.584
- Martin, A. J. (2001). The student motivation scale: A tool for measuring and enhancing motivation. Journal of Psychologists and Counselors in Schools, 11, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/000494410304700107
- Meece, J. L., & Painter, J. (2008). Gender, self-regulation, and motivation. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 339–368). Erlbaum.
- Moore, M. G. (2013). The theory of transactional distance. In Handbook of distance education (pp. 84-103). Routledge.
- Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance education a systems view. Wadsworth Publishing Co.
- Muilenburg, L. Y., & Berge, Z. L. (2005). Student barriers to online learning: A factor analytic study. Distance Education, 26(1), 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910500081269
- Petrovica, S. (2014). Tutoring process in emotionally intelligent tutoring Systems. International Journal of Technology and Educational Marketing (IJTEM), 4(1), 72-85.
- Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000a). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E.L. (2000b). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
- Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2017). Self-determination theory, basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press.
- Schunk, D. H. (1995). Self-efficacy and education and instruction. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), (pp.281-303). Plenum Press.
- Schunk, D. H., Pintrich, P. R., & Meece, J. L. (2008). Motivation in education (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
- Sıcak, A., & Başören, M. (2015). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin akademik motivasyonlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Bartın örneği). Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 4(2), 548-560. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.v4i2.1082000239
- Shonfeld, M., & Magen-Nagar, N. (2020). The impact of an online collaborative program on intrinsic motivation, satisfaction and attitudes towards technology. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 25(2), 297-313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-017-9347-7
- Spittle, M., Jackson, K., & Casey, M. (2009). Applying self-determination theory to understand the motivation for becoming a physical education teacher. Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 25(1), 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2008.07.005
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı (Translator.: M. Baloğlu). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
- Telli, S. G., & Altun, D. (2020). Coronavirüs ve çevrimiçi (online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.711110
- Trikoilis, D., & Papanastasiou, E. C. (2020). The potential of research for professional development in isolated settings during the covid-19 crisis and beyond. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 295-300.
- Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2015.0021
- Ünal-Karagüven, M.H. (2012). Akademik motivasyon ölçeğinin türkçeye adaptasyonu. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 12(4), 2599-2620.
- Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., Blais, M. R. Biere, N. M., Senecal, C., & Valleries, E. F. (1992). The academic motivation scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivation in education. Educational Psychological Measurement, 52, 1003-1017. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164492052004025
- Yavuz-Eroğlu, S., Eroğlu, E., & Ekinci, V. (2019). Beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin akademik motivasyon düzeylerinin bölüm ve sınıf değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. International Sport Science Student Studies, 1(1), 1-7.
- Yoshida, M., Tanaka, M., Mizuno, K., Ishii, A., Nozaki, K., Urakawa, A., Cho, Y., Kataoka, Y., & Watanabe, Y. (2008). Factors influencing the academic motivation of individual college students. International Journal of Neuroscience, 118 (10), 1400-1411. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450701242982
Examining academic motivation levels of undergraduate students taking distance education during the covid-19 pandemic in terms of various variables
Year 2022,
, 850 - 863, 10.12.2022
Damla Ayduğ
,
Hakan Altınpulluk
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the academic motivation levels of undergraduate students taking distance education during the pandemic in terms of various demographic and technology-related variables. The research was designed with survey model. Data of the study were collected from 170 undergraduate students. "Academic Motivation Scale" and personal information form were used as data collection tools. The collected data were analyzed with Kendall's tau correlation test, independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance. According to results of the study, it was found that academic intrinsic and extrinsic motivation levels of the undergraduates taking distance education are high and their amotivation levels are low. It was determined that there were significant differences between the students' thoughts on whether to pursue postgraduate education in the future and their academic intrinsic and extrinsic motivation levels, but there was not any significant difference between amotivation dimension. Also, it was found that there were significant relationships between technology usage proficiency and intrinsic motivation of undergraduate students. Lastly, it was determined that there were significant relationships between average daily usage time of technological devices and their academic extrinsic motivation. Suggestions were offered in accordance with the results of the study.
References
- Akbaba, S. (2006). Eğitimde motivasyon. Kazım Karabekir Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(13), 343-361.
- Altınpulluk, H. (2021a). Türkiye’deki öğretim üyelerinin Covid-19 küresel salgın sürecindeki uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarına ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(1), 53-89.
- Altinpulluk, H. (2021b). Determining the Trends of Motivation Research in Distance Education. In H. Ucar, & A. Kumtepe (Eds.), Motivation, Volition, and Engagement in Online Distance Learning (pp. 77-99). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7681-6.ch004.
- Artino, A.R. (2008). Motivational beliefs and perceptions of instructional quality: predicting satisfaction with online training. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 24(3), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2007.00258.x
- Chen, K. C., & Jang, S. J. (2010). Motivation in online learning: Testing a model of self‐determination theory. Computers in Human Behaviour, 26(4), 741–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.01.011
- Childers, G., & Jones, M. G. (2017). Learning from a distance: high school students’ perceptions of virtual presence, motivation, and science identity during a remote microscopy investigation. International Journal of Science Education, 39(3), 257-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2016.1278483
- Clark, M. H., & Schroth, C. A. (2010). Examining relationships between academic motivation and personality among college students. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(1), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2009.10.002
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. (2nd Edition). Erlbaum.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th Edition). Routledge.
- Dawson, B., & Trapp, R.G. (2001). Basic and clinical biostatistics (3rd Ed.). Lange Medical Books-McGraw Hill.
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The what and the why of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
- Deci, E., Vallerand, R., Pelletier, L., & Ryan, R. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. Educational Psychologist, 26(3 & 4), 325–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1991.9653137
- Direktör, C., & Nuri, C. (2017). Benlik saygısının akademik motivasyon üzerindeki etkisi: Otomatik düşüncenin aracı rolü. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.316130
- Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2001). Educational psychology. (5th Edition), Merrill Prentice Hall.
- Ergin, A., & Karataş, H. (2018). Achievement-oriented motivation levels of university students. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 33(4), 868-887. https://doi.org/10.16986/huje.2018036646
- Fırat, M., Kılınç, H., & Yüzer, T. V. (2018). Level of intrinsic motivation of distance education students in e‐learning environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12214
- Goulimaris, D. (2015). The relation between dıstance education students' motivation and satisfaction. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 16(2), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.50678
- Green, J., Nelson, G., Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. (2006). The causal ordering of self-concept and academic motivation and its effect on academic achievement. International Education Journal, 7(4), 534-546.
- Hartnett, M., St George, A., & Dron, J. (2011). Examining motivation in online distance learning environments: Complex, multifaceted, and situation-dependent. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(6), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v12i6.1030
- Johnson, R., Stewart, C., & Bachman, C. (2015). What drives students to complete online courses? What drives faculty to teach online? Validating a measure of motivation orientation in university students and faculty. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(4), 528-543. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2013.788037
- Jones, A., & Issroff, K. (2005). Learning technologies: Affective and social issues in computer‐supported collaborative learning. Computers & Education, 44(4), 395–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2004.04.004
- Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (15. Baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Karataş, H., & Erden, M. (2014). Academic motivation: Gender, domain and grade differences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 708-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.469
- Khalid, A. A. (2014). The influence of prerequisite grades on students’ performance: Further evidence from Kuwait. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2015.0056
- Kuvaas, B., Buch, R., Weibel, A., Dysvik, A., & Nerstad, C. G. (2017). Do intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relate differently to employee outcomes?. Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 244-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2017.05.004
- Loizzo, J., Ertmer, P. A., Watson, W. R., & Watson, S. L. (2017). Adult MOOC learners as self-directed: Perceptions of motivation, success, and completion. Online Learning, 21(2), https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v21i2.889
- Malinauskas, R., & Požėrienė, J. (2020). Academic motivation among traditional and online university students. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 9(3), 584-591. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2020.3.584
- Martin, A. J. (2001). The student motivation scale: A tool for measuring and enhancing motivation. Journal of Psychologists and Counselors in Schools, 11, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/000494410304700107
- Meece, J. L., & Painter, J. (2008). Gender, self-regulation, and motivation. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 339–368). Erlbaum.
- Moore, M. G. (2013). The theory of transactional distance. In Handbook of distance education (pp. 84-103). Routledge.
- Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance education a systems view. Wadsworth Publishing Co.
- Muilenburg, L. Y., & Berge, Z. L. (2005). Student barriers to online learning: A factor analytic study. Distance Education, 26(1), 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910500081269
- Petrovica, S. (2014). Tutoring process in emotionally intelligent tutoring Systems. International Journal of Technology and Educational Marketing (IJTEM), 4(1), 72-85.
- Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000a). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E.L. (2000b). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
- Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2017). Self-determination theory, basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press.
- Schunk, D. H. (1995). Self-efficacy and education and instruction. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), (pp.281-303). Plenum Press.
- Schunk, D. H., Pintrich, P. R., & Meece, J. L. (2008). Motivation in education (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
- Sıcak, A., & Başören, M. (2015). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin akademik motivasyonlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Bartın örneği). Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 4(2), 548-560. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.v4i2.1082000239
- Shonfeld, M., & Magen-Nagar, N. (2020). The impact of an online collaborative program on intrinsic motivation, satisfaction and attitudes towards technology. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 25(2), 297-313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-017-9347-7
- Spittle, M., Jackson, K., & Casey, M. (2009). Applying self-determination theory to understand the motivation for becoming a physical education teacher. Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 25(1), 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2008.07.005
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı (Translator.: M. Baloğlu). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
- Telli, S. G., & Altun, D. (2020). Coronavirüs ve çevrimiçi (online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.711110
- Trikoilis, D., & Papanastasiou, E. C. (2020). The potential of research for professional development in isolated settings during the covid-19 crisis and beyond. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 295-300.
- Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2015.0021
- Ünal-Karagüven, M.H. (2012). Akademik motivasyon ölçeğinin türkçeye adaptasyonu. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 12(4), 2599-2620.
- Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., Blais, M. R. Biere, N. M., Senecal, C., & Valleries, E. F. (1992). The academic motivation scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivation in education. Educational Psychological Measurement, 52, 1003-1017. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164492052004025
- Yavuz-Eroğlu, S., Eroğlu, E., & Ekinci, V. (2019). Beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin akademik motivasyon düzeylerinin bölüm ve sınıf değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. International Sport Science Student Studies, 1(1), 1-7.
- Yoshida, M., Tanaka, M., Mizuno, K., Ishii, A., Nozaki, K., Urakawa, A., Cho, Y., Kataoka, Y., & Watanabe, Y. (2008). Factors influencing the academic motivation of individual college students. International Journal of Neuroscience, 118 (10), 1400-1411. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450701242982