Investigate Upper/Lower Trapezius Muscle Strength Ratio in Asymptomatic Adolescent Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 55 - 61, 12.04.2019

Atilla Çağatay Sezik , Dilara Kara , Hasan Gökten İrem Düzgün , Zafer Erden , Volga Bayrakcı Tunay

Abstract

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to investigate of upper/lower trapezius (U/L)muscle strength ratio which has an important role on overhead scapular mechanics of adolescent volleyball players at Turkish Volleyball Federation Sports Highschool.

Methods: Sixty students (32 women, 28 men) who are eligible and voluntary were included in this study. Isometric muscle strength was measured with hand-held dynamometer. Muscle strength tests were done as muscle specific when scapula was at the middle of muscle movement.

Results: Upper trapezius muscle strength was found higher on the dominant side compared to non-dominant side (p<0.05). Lower trapezius muscle strength was found higher on the non-dominant side compared to dominant side (p<0.05). U/L Trapezius muscle strength ratio was found 0.95 on dominant side and 0.88 on the non-dominant side. Scapular depression was found stronger on the non-dominant extremity (p<0.05) while the other extremity was stronger for scapular elevation (p<0.05).

Conclusion: As a result of this study, reference normative values of upper/lower trapezius muscle strength ratios in the adolescent volleyball players was determined. In order to our results, scapular muscle preferences of adolescent players have certain varieties between extremities. Dominant side which has stronger upper trapezius muscle makes us to think that the requirements of overhead mechanics can lead to scapular control alterations. These results can help to find the asymptomatic adolescent volleyball players who have higher risk of shoulder injuries.

Keywords

Adolescent, Volleyball, Scapula, Trapezius

Asemptomatik Adölesan Voleybolcularda Üst/Alt Trapez Kası Kuvvet Oranlarının İncelenmesi: Pilot Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma Türkiye Voleybol Federasyonu Spor Lisesi’nde, 15-17 yaş grubu voleybol oyuncularında branşın içerdiği yoğun baş üstü aktivitelerin gerektirdiği skapular mekaniklerde önemli bir yere sahip olan üst/alt trapez kası kuvvet oranlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.

Yöntem: Gönüllü öğrenciler arasından çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini sağlayan sporcu grubu 60 kişi (32 kadın, 28 erkek) olarak belirlendi. Üst ve alt trapez kas kuvvetini değerlendirmek için el dinamometresi ile izometrik kas kuvveti değerlendirmeleri uygulandı. Kas kuvvet testleri, skapulanın hareketinin orta açısında kasa spesifik olarak yapıldı.

Bulgular: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda üst trapez kas kuvvetinin dominant ekstremitede diğer ekstremiteye göre daha fazla olduğu görüldü (p<0,05). Alt trapez kas kuvveti ise dominant olmayan ekstremitede diğer ekstremiteye göre daha fazla bulundu (p<0,05). Üst/alt trapez kası kuvvet oranı dominant ekstremitede 0,95 bulunurken, dominant olmayan ekstremitede 0,88 olarak bulundu. Dominant olmayan ekstremitede skapula depresyonunun (p<0,05),dominant ekstremitede ise skapula elevasyonunun daha kuvvetli olduğunu gözlendi (p<0,05).

Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile adölesan voleybol oyuncularında üst/alt trapez kası kuvvet oranının asemptomatik sporcularda referans olabilecek ön verileri elde edildi. Bu sonuçlar, çalışmamızda yer alan adölesan sporcuların skapular kas kullanımının ekstremiteler arasında farklılıklara sahip olduğunu gösterdi. Dominant tarafta üst trapez kas kuvvetinin daha yüksek olması baş üstü mekaniklerin gereksinimlerinin skapula kontrolünü değiştirebileceği düşündürmektedir. Bu sonuçlar; yaralanma için risk altında bulunan asemptomatik adölesan voleybol oyuncularının belirlenmesine yardımcı olabilir.

Keywords

Adolesan, Voleybol, Skapula, Trapezius

References

• 1. Struyf F, Nijs J, Mottram S, et al. Clinical assessment of the scapula: a review of the literature. Br J Sport Med. 2014;48:883-890.
• 2. Kibler WB, Sciascia A. Current concepts: scapular dyskinesis. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44:300-305.
• 3. Harris JD, Pedroza A, Jones GL, Predictors of pain and function in patients with symptomatic, atraumatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears: a time-zero analysis of a prospective patient cohort enrolled in a structured physical therapy program. Am J Sport Med. 2012;40:359-366.
• 4. Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Phys Ther. 2000;80:276-291.
• 5. Kunstlinger U, Ludwig HG, Stegemann J. Metabolic changes during volleyball matches. Int J Sports Med. 1987;8:315-322.
• 6. Reeser JC, Joy EA, Porucznik CA, et al. Risk factors for volleyball-related shoulder pain and dysfunction. PM&R. 2010;2:27-36.
• 7. Rinderu ET. A biomechanical analysis of the attack strike in the volleyball game. J Biomech. 1998;31(suppl 1):180.
• 8. Dupuis C, Tourny-Chollet C. Increasing Explosive Power of the Shoulder in Volleyball Players. Strength Cond J. 2003;25:7-11.
• 9. Smith DJ, Roberts D, Watson B. Physical, physiological and performance differences between Canadian national team and universiade volleyball players. J Sport Sci. 1992;10:131-138.
• 10. Neumann DA. Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations for Physical Rehabilitation: Mosby; 2002.
• 11. Lippert LS. Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy: F.A. Davis Company; 2011.
• 12. McClure PW, Michener LA, Sennett BJ, et al. Direct 3-dimensional measurement of scapular kinematics during dynamic movements in vivo. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2001;10:269-277.
• 13. Ludewig PM, Cook TM, Nawoczenski DA. Three-dimensional scapular orientation and muscle activity at selected positions of humeral elevation. J Orthop Sport Phys. 1996;24:57-65.
• 14. Ludewig PM, Braman JP. Shoulder Impingement: biomechanical considerations in rehabilitation. Manual Ther. 2011;16:33-39.
• 15. Kibler WB, Sciascia A, Wilkes T. Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder injury. J Am Acad Orthop Sur. 2012;20:364-372.
• 16. Kibler WB, Ludewig PM, McClure PW, et al. Clinical implications of scapular dyskinesis in shoulder injury: the 2013 consensus statement from the ‘scapular summit’. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47:877-885.
• 17. Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Declercq GA, et al. Evaluation of isokinetic force production and associated muscle activity in the scapular rotators during a protraction-retraction movement in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms. Brit J Sport Med. 2004;38:64-68.
• 18. Cools A.M., et al. Scapular muscle recruitment patterns: trapezius muscle latency with and without impingement symptoms. Am J Sports Med.2003;31:542-549.
• 19. Madeleine P, Mathiassen SE, Arendt-Nielsen L. Changes in the degree of motor variability associated with experimental and chronic neck-shoulder pain during a standardised repetitive arm movement. Exp Brain Res. 2008;185:689-698.
• 20. Rissén D, Melin B, Sandsjö L, et al. Psychophysiological stress reactions, trapezius muscle activity, and neck and shoulder pain among female cashiers before and after introduction of job rotation. Work Stress. 2002;16:127-137.
• 21. Turgut E, Tunay V. Upper extremity health profile in Turkish overhead throwing athletes: the effect of current level of play, sports participation, sports type, and previous injury. J Exerc Ther Rehabil. 2017.4:61-66.
• 22. Chandler TJ, Kibler WB, Uhl TL, et al. Flexibility comparisons of junior elite tennis players to other athletes. Am J Sport Med. 1990;18:134-136.
• 23. Michener LA, Boardman ND, Pidcoe PE, et al. Scapular muscle tests in subjects with shoulder pain and functional loss: reliability and construct validity. Phys Ther. 2005;85:1128-1138.
• 24. Cools AM, Johansson FR, Cambier DC, et al. Descriptive profile of scapulothoracic position, strength and flexibility variables in adolescent elite tennis players. Br J Sport Med. 2010;44:678-684.
• 25. Wilk KE, Meister K, Andrews JR. Current concepts in the rehabilitation of the overhead throwing athlete. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30:136-151.
• 26. Smith M, Sparkes V, Busse M, et al. Upper and lower trapezius muscle activity in subjects with subacromial impingement symptoms: is there imbalance and can taping change it? Phys Ther Sport. 2009;10:45-50.