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A Review on Ethical Issues and Rules in Psychological Assessment

Year 2018, , 17 - 29, 01.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.310629

Abstract










Psychologists that offer psychological
counseling may use psychological tests and some other measurement techniques in
psychological assessment. In this review, firstly the definition, purposes, and
the stages of psychological assessment are explained. After that, ethical rules
of psychological assessment are examined in ways that include both tests and
other techniques in the context of ethical principles in the Ethical Guidelines
of American Psychological Association. Besides, these ethical rules are
discussed in the light of findings in the related literature. In the final
part, other ethical issues which are psychologist-counselor relationship in
psychological assessment, computer-based assessment, psychological assessment
in rural and low-income areas, and assessment of mentally retarded people are
mentioned and some suggestions that can be considered in doing an ethical
assessment are presented.

References

  • Ackerman, S. J., Hilsenroth, M. J., Baity, M. R., & Blagys, M. D. (2000). Interaction of therapeutic process and alliance during psychological assessment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75(1), 82–109.
  • Adams, Z. W. & Boyd, S. E. (2010). Ethical challenges in the treatment of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Ethics & Behavior, 20(6), 407-418.
  • American Psychological Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Barnett, J. E. & Brad Johnson, W. (2008). Ethics desk reference for psychologists. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Barry, M. M., Doherty, A., Hope, A., Sixsmith, J., & Kelleher, C. C. (2000). A community needs assessment for rural mental health promotion. Health Education Research, 15, 293-304.
  • Berndt, D. J. (1984). Ethical and professional considerations in psychological assessment. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 14, 580-587.
  • Bernet, W. & Dulcan, M. (1999). Practice parameters for the assessment and the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with mental retardation and comorbid mental disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 5-31.
  • Bersoff, D. N. (1995). Ethical conflicts in psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Brown. D. C. (1994). Subgroup norming: Legitimate testing practice or reverse discrimination? American Psychologist, 49, 927-928.
  • Butcher, J. N., Perry, J. N., & Atlis, M. M. (2000). Validity and utility of computer-based test interpretation. Psychological Assessment, 12(1), 6-18.
  • Butcher, J. N., Perry, J., & Hahn, J. (2004). Computers in clinical assessment: Historical developments, present status, and future challenges. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60, 331-345.
  • Campbell, L., Vasquez, M., Behnke, S., & Kinscherff, R. (2010). APA Ethics Code commentary and case illustrations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Finn, S. E. (2007). In our clients’ shoes: Theory and techniques of therapeutic assessment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Gottfredson, L. S. (1994). The science and politics of race-norming. American Psychologist, 49 (11), 955-963.
  • Groth-Marnat, G. (2009). Handbook of psychological assessment. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hambleton, R. K., Merenda, P.F., & Spielberger, C. D. (2005). Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Haney, W. (1981). Validity, vaudeville, and values: A short history of social concerns over standardized testing. American Psychologist, 36, 1021-1034.
  • Hargrove, D. S. (1986). Ethical issues in rural mental health practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 17(1), 20-23.
  • Hood, A. B. & Johnson, R. W. (2008). Assessment in counseling: A guide to the use of psychological assessment procedures. USA: American Counseling Association.
  • Kaplan, R. M. & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2012). Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues. USA: Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Knapp, S. J. & VandeCreek, L. D. (2006). Practical ethics for psychologists: A positive approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Koocher, G. P. & Keith-Spiegel, P. (1998). Ethics in psychology: Professional standards and cases. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Lavelle-Jones, C., Byrne, D. J., Rice P., & Cuschien, A. (1993). Factors affecting quality of informed consent. British Medical Journal, 306, 885-890.
  • Lee, D., Reynolds, C.R., & Wilson, V.L. (2003). Standardized test administration: Why bother? Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 3(3), 55-81.
  • London, M. & Bray, D. W. (1980). Ethical issues in testing and evaluation for personnel decisions. American Psychologist, 35, 890-901.
  • Maloney, M. P. & Ward, M.P. (1976). Psychological assessment: A conceptual approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Matarazzo, J. D. (1990). Psychological assessment vs psychological testing: Validation from Binet to the school, clinic and courtroom. American Psychologist, 45, 999-1017.
  • McGuire, J. (2009). Ethical considerations when working with older adults. Ethics & Behavior, 19(2), 112- 128.
  • McMinn, M. R., Buchanan, T., Ellens, B. M., & Ryan, M. K. (1999). Technology, professional practice and ethics: Survey findings and implications. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 30, 165- 172.
  • Meyer, G. J., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L. D., Kay, G. G., Moreland, K. L., Dies, R. R., Eisman, E. J., Kubiszyn, T. W., & Reed, G. M. (2001). Psychological testing and psychological assessment: a review of evidence and issues. American Psychologist, 56(2), 128-165.
  • Moreland, K. L., Eyde, L. D., Robertson, G. J., Primoff, E. S., & Most, R. B. (1995). Assessment of test user qualifications: A research-based measurement procedure. American Psychologist, 50, 14–23.
  • Murphy, K. R. & Davidshofer, C. O. (2005). Psychological testing: Principles and applications. New Jersey: Pearson.
  • Novick, M. R. (1981). Federal guidelines and professional standards. American Psychologist, 36, 1035-1046.
  • Oles, H. J. & Davis, G. D. (1977). Publishers violate APA standards on test distribution. Psychological Reports, 41, 713-714.
  • Pope, K. S. & Vasquez, M. J. T. (2010). Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling. A practical guide. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Rosen, G. A., Reaves, R. P., & Hill, D. S. (1989). Reliability and validity of psychology licensing examinations: Multiple roles and redundant systems in development and screening. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 20, 272-274.
  • Suzuki, L. A. & Ponterotto, J. G. (2008). Handbook of multicultural assessment: Clinical, psychological, and educational applications. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Szasz, T. S. (1970). The manufacture of madness. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Tranel, D. (1994). The release of psychological data to nonexperts: Ethical and legal considerations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 25, 33-38.
  • Turchik, J. A., Karpenko, V., Hammers, D., & McNamara, J. R. (2007). Practical and ethical assessment issues in rural, impoverished, and managed care settings. Professional Psychology, 38, 158-168.
  • Turner, S. M., DeMers, S. T., Fox, H. R., & Reed, G. M. (2001). APA’s guidelines for test user qualifications: An executive summary. American Psychologist, 56, 1099–1113.
  • Türk Psikologlar Derneği (2004). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Etik Yönetmeliği. http://www.psikolog.org.tr/upload/content/files/file_3_7.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Welfel, E. R. (2013). Ethics in counseling & psychotherapy: Standards, research, and emerging issues. USA: Brooks/Cole.
  • Werth, J. L., Hastings, S. L., & Riding-Malon, R. (2010). Ethical challenges of practicing in rural areas. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 537-548.
  • Whitehouse, R. M., Tudway, J. A., Look, R., & Kroese, B. S. (2006). Adapting individual psychotherapy for adults with intellectual disabilities: A comparative review of the cognitive-behaviour and psychodynamic literature. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19, 55–65.
  • Witmer, J., Bornstein, A., & Dunham. R. (1971). The effects of verbal approval and disaproval upon the performance of third and fourth grade children on four subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Journal of School Psychology, 3, 347-356.
Year 2018, , 17 - 29, 01.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.310629

Abstract

References

  • Ackerman, S. J., Hilsenroth, M. J., Baity, M. R., & Blagys, M. D. (2000). Interaction of therapeutic process and alliance during psychological assessment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75(1), 82–109.
  • Adams, Z. W. & Boyd, S. E. (2010). Ethical challenges in the treatment of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Ethics & Behavior, 20(6), 407-418.
  • American Psychological Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Barnett, J. E. & Brad Johnson, W. (2008). Ethics desk reference for psychologists. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Barry, M. M., Doherty, A., Hope, A., Sixsmith, J., & Kelleher, C. C. (2000). A community needs assessment for rural mental health promotion. Health Education Research, 15, 293-304.
  • Berndt, D. J. (1984). Ethical and professional considerations in psychological assessment. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 14, 580-587.
  • Bernet, W. & Dulcan, M. (1999). Practice parameters for the assessment and the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with mental retardation and comorbid mental disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 5-31.
  • Bersoff, D. N. (1995). Ethical conflicts in psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Brown. D. C. (1994). Subgroup norming: Legitimate testing practice or reverse discrimination? American Psychologist, 49, 927-928.
  • Butcher, J. N., Perry, J. N., & Atlis, M. M. (2000). Validity and utility of computer-based test interpretation. Psychological Assessment, 12(1), 6-18.
  • Butcher, J. N., Perry, J., & Hahn, J. (2004). Computers in clinical assessment: Historical developments, present status, and future challenges. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60, 331-345.
  • Campbell, L., Vasquez, M., Behnke, S., & Kinscherff, R. (2010). APA Ethics Code commentary and case illustrations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Finn, S. E. (2007). In our clients’ shoes: Theory and techniques of therapeutic assessment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Gottfredson, L. S. (1994). The science and politics of race-norming. American Psychologist, 49 (11), 955-963.
  • Groth-Marnat, G. (2009). Handbook of psychological assessment. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hambleton, R. K., Merenda, P.F., & Spielberger, C. D. (2005). Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Haney, W. (1981). Validity, vaudeville, and values: A short history of social concerns over standardized testing. American Psychologist, 36, 1021-1034.
  • Hargrove, D. S. (1986). Ethical issues in rural mental health practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 17(1), 20-23.
  • Hood, A. B. & Johnson, R. W. (2008). Assessment in counseling: A guide to the use of psychological assessment procedures. USA: American Counseling Association.
  • Kaplan, R. M. & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2012). Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues. USA: Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Knapp, S. J. & VandeCreek, L. D. (2006). Practical ethics for psychologists: A positive approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Koocher, G. P. & Keith-Spiegel, P. (1998). Ethics in psychology: Professional standards and cases. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Lavelle-Jones, C., Byrne, D. J., Rice P., & Cuschien, A. (1993). Factors affecting quality of informed consent. British Medical Journal, 306, 885-890.
  • Lee, D., Reynolds, C.R., & Wilson, V.L. (2003). Standardized test administration: Why bother? Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 3(3), 55-81.
  • London, M. & Bray, D. W. (1980). Ethical issues in testing and evaluation for personnel decisions. American Psychologist, 35, 890-901.
  • Maloney, M. P. & Ward, M.P. (1976). Psychological assessment: A conceptual approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Matarazzo, J. D. (1990). Psychological assessment vs psychological testing: Validation from Binet to the school, clinic and courtroom. American Psychologist, 45, 999-1017.
  • McGuire, J. (2009). Ethical considerations when working with older adults. Ethics & Behavior, 19(2), 112- 128.
  • McMinn, M. R., Buchanan, T., Ellens, B. M., & Ryan, M. K. (1999). Technology, professional practice and ethics: Survey findings and implications. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 30, 165- 172.
  • Meyer, G. J., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L. D., Kay, G. G., Moreland, K. L., Dies, R. R., Eisman, E. J., Kubiszyn, T. W., & Reed, G. M. (2001). Psychological testing and psychological assessment: a review of evidence and issues. American Psychologist, 56(2), 128-165.
  • Moreland, K. L., Eyde, L. D., Robertson, G. J., Primoff, E. S., & Most, R. B. (1995). Assessment of test user qualifications: A research-based measurement procedure. American Psychologist, 50, 14–23.
  • Murphy, K. R. & Davidshofer, C. O. (2005). Psychological testing: Principles and applications. New Jersey: Pearson.
  • Novick, M. R. (1981). Federal guidelines and professional standards. American Psychologist, 36, 1035-1046.
  • Oles, H. J. & Davis, G. D. (1977). Publishers violate APA standards on test distribution. Psychological Reports, 41, 713-714.
  • Pope, K. S. & Vasquez, M. J. T. (2010). Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling. A practical guide. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Rosen, G. A., Reaves, R. P., & Hill, D. S. (1989). Reliability and validity of psychology licensing examinations: Multiple roles and redundant systems in development and screening. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 20, 272-274.
  • Suzuki, L. A. & Ponterotto, J. G. (2008). Handbook of multicultural assessment: Clinical, psychological, and educational applications. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Szasz, T. S. (1970). The manufacture of madness. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Tranel, D. (1994). The release of psychological data to nonexperts: Ethical and legal considerations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 25, 33-38.
  • Turchik, J. A., Karpenko, V., Hammers, D., & McNamara, J. R. (2007). Practical and ethical assessment issues in rural, impoverished, and managed care settings. Professional Psychology, 38, 158-168.
  • Turner, S. M., DeMers, S. T., Fox, H. R., & Reed, G. M. (2001). APA’s guidelines for test user qualifications: An executive summary. American Psychologist, 56, 1099–1113.
  • Türk Psikologlar Derneği (2004). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Etik Yönetmeliği. http://www.psikolog.org.tr/upload/content/files/file_3_7.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Welfel, E. R. (2013). Ethics in counseling & psychotherapy: Standards, research, and emerging issues. USA: Brooks/Cole.
  • Werth, J. L., Hastings, S. L., & Riding-Malon, R. (2010). Ethical challenges of practicing in rural areas. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 537-548.
  • Whitehouse, R. M., Tudway, J. A., Look, R., & Kroese, B. S. (2006). Adapting individual psychotherapy for adults with intellectual disabilities: A comparative review of the cognitive-behaviour and psychodynamic literature. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19, 55–65.
  • Witmer, J., Bornstein, A., & Dunham. R. (1971). The effects of verbal approval and disaproval upon the performance of third and fourth grade children on four subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Journal of School Psychology, 3, 347-356.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Reyhan Arslan

Publication Date June 1, 2018
Submission Date May 5, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Arslan, R. (2018). A Review on Ethical Issues and Rules in Psychological Assessment. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, 3(1), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.310629
AMA Arslan R. A Review on Ethical Issues and Rules in Psychological Assessment. JFCE. June 2018;3(1):17-29. doi:10.32568/jfce.310629
Chicago Arslan, Reyhan. “A Review on Ethical Issues and Rules in Psychological Assessment”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 3, no. 1 (June 2018): 17-29. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.310629.
EndNote Arslan R (June 1, 2018) A Review on Ethical Issues and Rules in Psychological Assessment. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 3 1 17–29.
IEEE R. Arslan, “A Review on Ethical Issues and Rules in Psychological Assessment”, JFCE, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 17–29, 2018, doi: 10.32568/jfce.310629.
ISNAD Arslan, Reyhan. “A Review on Ethical Issues and Rules in Psychological Assessment”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 3/1 (June 2018), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.310629.
JAMA Arslan R. A Review on Ethical Issues and Rules in Psychological Assessment. JFCE. 2018;3:17–29.
MLA Arslan, Reyhan. “A Review on Ethical Issues and Rules in Psychological Assessment”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, vol. 3, no. 1, 2018, pp. 17-29, doi:10.32568/jfce.310629.
Vancouver Arslan R. A Review on Ethical Issues and Rules in Psychological Assessment. JFCE. 2018;3(1):17-29.