KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER

Ayşegül Koçyiğit; Benay Can Eke

doi:10.33483/jfpau.945665

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POSTMORTEM CHANGES IN CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING

Year 2021, Volume: 45 Issue: 3, 722 - 735, 27.09.2021

Ayşegül Koçyiğit , Benay Can Eke

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.945665

Abstract

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to review postmortem changes in deaths caused by carbon monoxide poisoning.

Result and Discussion: It has been stated that the most characteristic feature of carbon monoxide poisoning is that it causes a specific red color of the skin surface. In general, it occurs when COHb concentrations exceed 30%. Autopsy reveals blood, organs, and muscles with a cherry red color similar to the formation of COHb and COMb. There is also generalized organ obstruction and pulmonary edema. Symptoms and autopsy findings of CO poisoning emerge as non-specific. Therefore, detecting COHb in the blood is essential for diagnosing.CO exposure has been shown to be a contributing factor in deaths where% COHb is 10-50%. According to the sources we examined in this study, it has been observed that tissues such as muscle, blood, lung, brain, and kidney are the most appropriate tissues for the diagnosis of death due to exposure to fatal CO and can be used for this. Because of the seasonal use of stoves and the prevalence of influenza infections, patients who report these symptoms mostly in the winter months should be examined closely. It should be kept in mind that delayed diagnosis may result in death.

Keywords

Carbon monoxide, poisoning, postmortem

References

Referas1 Abelsohn, A., Sanborn, M. D., Jessiman, B. J., & Weir, E. (2002). Identifying and managing adverse environmental health effects: 6. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Cmaj, 166(13), 1685-1690.
Referans2 Alonso, J. R., Cardellach, F., López, S., Casademont, J., & Miró, Ò. (2003). Carbon monoxide specifically inhibits cytochrome c oxidase of human mitochondrial respiratory chain. Pharmacology & toxicology, 93(3), 142-146.
Referans3 Choi IS. (2001). Carbon monoxide poisoning: systemic manifestations and complications. J Korean Med Sci.16, 253-61.
Referans4 Ernst, A., & Zibrak, J. D. (1998). Carbon monoxide poisoning. New England journal of medicine, 339(22), 1603-1608.
Referans5 Akkose, S., Turkmen, N., Bulut, M., Akgoz, S., Iscimen, R., & Eren, B. (2010). An analysis of carbon monoxide poisoning cases in Bursa, Turkey. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 16 (1), 101-106.
Referans6 Silvers, S. M., & Hampson, N. B. (1995). Carbon monoxide poisoning among recreational boaters. JAMA, 274(20), 1614-1616.
Referans7 Cobb, N., & Etzel, R. A. (1991). Unintentional carbon monoxide—Related deaths in the United States, 1979 through 1988. Jama, 266(5), 659-663.
Referans8 Sever, H., İkizceli, Ş., AVŞAROĞULLARI, L., SÖZÜER, E. M., ÖZKAN, S., Yürümez, Y., & Yavuz, Y. (2005). Nonspesifik semptomlarla acil servise başvuran hastalarda karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi. Türkiye Acil Tıp Dergisi, 5(1), 18-21.
Referans9 Kandis, H., Katırcı, Y., Çakır, Z., Aslan, Ş., Uzkeser, M., & Bilir, Ö. (2007). Acil servise karbonmonoksit entoksikasyonu ile baĢvuran olguların geriye dönük analizi. Akademik Acil Tıp Dergisi, 5(3), 21-5.
Referans10 Gill, A. L., & Bell, C. N. (2004). Hyperbaric oxygen: its uses, mechanisms of action and outcomes. Qjm, 97(7), 385-395.
Referans11 World Health Organization. (1999). Environmental health criteria 213: carbon monoxide.
Referans12 Farraj, A. K., Hazari, M. S., & Costa, D. L. (2015). Pulmonary Toxicology. Mammalian Toxicology, 519-538.
Referans13 Tobias, C. A., Lawrence, J. H., Roughton, F. J. W., Root, W. S., & Gregersen, M. I. (1945). The elimination of carbon monoxide from the human body with reference to the possible conversion of CO to CO2. American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, 145(2), 253-263.
Referans14 Handa, P. K., & Tai, D. Y. H. (2005). Carbon monoxide poisoning: A five-year review at Tan Tock Seng hospital, Singapore. ANNALS-ACADEMY OF MEDICINE SINGAPORE, 34(10), 611.
Referans15 Henry, C. R., Satran, D., Lindgren, B., Adkinson, C., Nicholson, C. I., & Henry, T. D. (2006). Myocardial injury and long-term mortality following moderate to severe carbon monoxide poisoning. Jama, 295(4), 398-402.
Referans16 Jain, K. K. (2004). Hypoxia,[w:] Textbook on hyperbaric medicine, 4th revised and expanded edition.
Referans17 Omaye, S. T. (2002). Metabolic modulation of carbon monoxide toxicity. Toxicology, 180(2), 139-150.
Referans18 Huzar, T. F., George, T., & Cross, J. M. (2013). Carbon monoxide and cyanide toxicity: etiology, pathophysiology and treatment in inhalation injury. Expert review of respiratory medicine, 7(2), 159-170.
Referans19 Tursun, S., Alpcan, A., Şanlı, C., & Kabalcı, M. (2017). Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi. Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi, 9(4), 203-206. Referans 20 Prockop, L. D., & Chichkova, R. I. (2007). Carbon monoxide intoxication: an updated review. Journal of the neurological sciences, 262(1-2), 122-130.
Referans21 Prockop, L. D. (2005). Carbon monoxide brain toxicity: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and neuropsychological effects in 9 people. Journal of Neuroimaging, 15(2), 144-149.
Referans22 , S. A., & Choi, I. S. (1998). Clinical manifestations and complications in carbon monoxide intoxication. Journal of the Korean Neurological Association, 16(4), 500-505
Referans23 Tintinalli, J. E., Kelen, G. D., Stapcyzynski, S. J., Tintinalli, J. E., Kelen, G. D., & Stapczynski, J. S. (2000). Carbon monoxide poisoning. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 5th ed. North Carolina: McGraw-Hill, 1302-1306
Referans24 Deniz, T., Kandiş, H., Saygun, M., Büyükkoçak, Ü., Ülger, H., & Karakuş, A. (2009). Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi acil servisine başvuran zehirlenme olgularının analizi. Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 15-20
Referans25 Weaver, L. K., Hopkins, R. O., Chan, K. J., Churchill, S., Elliott, C. G., Clemmer, T. P., ... & Morris, A. H. (2002). Hyperbaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(14), 1057-1067.
Referans26 Weaver, L. K., Valentine, K. J., & Hopkins, R. O. (2007). Carbon monoxide poisoning: risk factors for cognitive sequelae and the role of hyperbaric oxygen. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 176(5), 491-497.
Referans27 Rodaplı Ü. (2000). Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi. Acil Tıp Dergisi (özel sayı):130-4
Referans28 Kandiş, H., Katırcı, Y., & Karapolat, B. S. (2009). Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi. Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(3), 54-60.
Referans29 Gozubuyuk, A. A., Dag, H., Kaçar, A., Karakurt, Y., & Arica, V. (2017). Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning in child, infant, and fetus. Northern clinics of Istanbul, 4(1), 100.
Referans30 Tursun, S., Alpcan, A., Şanlı, C., & KABALCI, M. (2017). Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi. Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi, 9(4), 203-206.,
Referans31 Gorman, D. F., Clayton, D., Gilligan, J. E., & Webb, R. K. (1992). A longitudinal study of 100 consecutive admissions for carbon monoxide poisoning to the Royal Adelaide Hospital. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 20(3), 311-316.,
Referans32 Buckley, N. A., Isbister, G. K., Stokes, B., & Juurlink, D. N. (2005). Hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicological reviews, 24(2), 75-92.
Referans33 Saukko, P., & Knight, B. (2015). Knight's forensic pathology. CRC press.
Referans34 Okada, M., Okuda, B., & Okae, S. (1982). Bilateral necrosis of the pallidum in a case of carbon monoxide poisoning. Neurol. Med, 17, 304-305.
Referans35 Kinoshita, H., Türkan, H., Vucinic, S., Naqvi, S., Bedair, R., Rezaee, R., & Tsatsakis, A. (2020). Carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicology reports, 7, 169-173.
Referans36 Uemura, K., Harada, K., Sadamitsu, D., Tsuruta, R., Takahashi, M., Aki, T., ... & Yoshida, K. I. (2001). Apoptotic and necrotic brain lesions in a fatal case of carbon monoxide poisoning. Forensic science international, 116(2-3), 213-219.
Referans37 Cantürk, N., Başbulut, A. Z., Cantürk, G., & Dağalp, R. (2008). Ankara'da 2002-2006 yılları arasında karbonmonoksit zehirlenmeleri otopsi olgularının değerlendirilmesi. Adli Tıp Dergisi, 22(1), 25-30.
Referans38 Berber, G., Üzün, Ş., & Ak, N. (2002). 1995–1998 Yılları arasında ATK Morg İhtisas Dairesine gelen karbonmonoksit zehirlenmelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Yıllık Adli Tıp Toplantıları Kitabı, 16-19.
Referans39 Tıp, K. B. S. A. (1995). Bilimsel ve Teknik Yayınları Çeviri Vakfı. Editör Birgen N. İstanbul, 343.
Referans40 Suyama, H., Morikawa, S., Noma-Tanaka, S., Adachi, H., Kawano, Y., Kaneko, K., & Ishihara, S. (2005). Methemoglobinemia induced by automobile exhaust fumes. Journal of anesthesia, 19(4), 333-335.
Referans41 Vevelstad, M., & Morild, I. (2009). Lethal methemoglobinemia and automobile exhaust inhalation. Forensic science international, 187(1-3), e1-e5.
Referans42 Kuo, Y. M., & Nussbaum, R. L. (2015). Prolongation of chemically-induced methemoglobinemia in mice lacking α-synuclein: a novel pharmacologic and toxicologic phenotype. Toxicology reports, 2, 504-511.
Referans43 Moriya, F. (2015). Poisoning due to carbon monoxide and cyanide gas generated in the occurrence of fire. Chudoku kenkyu: Chudoku Kenkyukai jun kikanshi= The Japanese journal of toxicology, 28(4), 339.
Referans44 Kojima, T., Yashiki, M., Une, I., & Nishiyama, Y. (1980). Post-mortem formation of carbon monoxide in a drowned body. Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi, 34, 163-168.
Referans45 Kojima, T., Nishiyama, Y., Yashiki, M., & Une, I. (1982). Postmortem formation of carbon monoxide. Forensic science international, 19(3), 243-248.
Referans46 Kojima, T., Yashiki, M., Okamoto, I., Noda, J., Une, I., Miyazaki, T., & Chikasue, F. (1984). Postmortem formation of carbon monoxide in blood and body cavity fluids of rats drowned and kept immersed in fresh water. Hiroshima journal of medical sciences, 33(4), 591-594.
Referans47 Kojima, T., Okamoto, I., Yashiki, M., Miyazaki, T., Chikasue, F., Degawa, K., ... & Sagisaka, K. (1986). Production of carbon monoxide in cadavers. Forensic science international, 32(2), 67-77.
Referans48 Kinoshita, H., Türkan, H., Vucinic, S., Naqvi, S., Bedair, R., Rezaee, R., & Tsatsakis, A. (2020). Carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicology reports, 7, 169-173.
Referans49 Widdop, B. (2002). Analysis of carbon monoxide. Annals of clinical biochemistry, 39(4), 378-391.
Referans50 Mahoney, J. J., Vreman, H. J., Stevenson, D. K., & Van Kessel, A. L. (1993). Measurement of carboxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin by five specialized spectrophotometers (CO-oximeters) in comparison with reference methods. Clinical Chemistry, 39(8), 1693-1700.
Referans51 Collison, H. A., Rodkey, F. L., & O'Neal, J. D. (1968). Determination of carbon monoxide in blood by gas chromatography. Clinical Chemistry, 14(2), 162-171.
Referans52 Costantino, A. G., Park, J., & Caplan, Y. H. (1986). Carbon monoxide analysis: a comparison of two CO-oximeters and headspace gas chromatography. Journal of analytical toxicology, 10(5), 190-193.
Referans53 Vreman, H. J., Kwong, L. K., & Stevenson, D. K. (1984). Carbon monoxide in blood: an improved microliter blood-sample collection system, with rapid analysis by gas chromatography. Clinical chemistry, 30(8), 1382-1386.
Referans54 Vreman, H. J., Stevenson, D. K., & Zwart, A. (1987). Analysis for carboxyhemoglobin by gas chromatography and multicomponent spectrophotometry compared. Clinical chemistry, 33(5), 694-697.
Referans55 Vreman, H. J., Wong, R. J., Stevenson, D. K., Smialek, J. E., Fowler, D. R., Li, L., ... & Zielke, H. R. (2006). Concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in postmortem human tissues: effect of

KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER

Year 2021, Volume: 45 Issue: 3, 722 - 735, 27.09.2021

Ayşegül Koçyiğit , Benay Can Eke

https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.945665

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada karbonmonoksit gazı ile zehirlenme sonucu görülen ölümlerde postmortem değişikliklerin derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi sonucu cilt yüzeyinin spesifik bir kırmızı renk alması en karakteristik özellik olarak belirtilmiştir. Genel olarak, COHb konsantrasyonları % 30'u aştığında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Otopsi, COHb ve COMb oluşumuyla benzer spesifik kırmızı renge sahip kan, organ ve kasları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Akciğer ödemi ve genelleşmiş organ tıkanıklığı da gözlenmektedir CO zehirlenmesinin semptomları ve otopsi bulguları nonspesifik olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle kanda COHb saptanması ile teşhis konulması önemlidir. CO maruziyeti, % COHb'nin% 10-50 olduğu ölümlerde katkıda bulunan bir faktör olabileceği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada incelediğimiz kaynaklara göre, kan, kas, beyin, akciğer ve böbrek gibi dokuların, ölümcül CO'ya maruz kalma nedeniyle ölüm teşhisi için en uygun dokular olduğu ve bunun için kullanılabileceği görülmüştür. Mevsimsel olarak soba kullanımı ve gribal enfeksiyonların yaygın olması ile daha çok kış aylarında bu şikayetlerle başvuran hastalar detaylı sorgulanmalı ve tanı koymada geç kalmanın sonucunda ölüm olabileceği unutulmamalıdır.

Keywords

karbonmonoksit, zehirlenme, postmortem

References

Referas1 Abelsohn, A., Sanborn, M. D., Jessiman, B. J., & Weir, E. (2002). Identifying and managing adverse environmental health effects: 6. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Cmaj, 166(13), 1685-1690.
Referans2 Alonso, J. R., Cardellach, F., López, S., Casademont, J., & Miró, Ò. (2003). Carbon monoxide specifically inhibits cytochrome c oxidase of human mitochondrial respiratory chain. Pharmacology & toxicology, 93(3), 142-146.
Referans3 Choi IS. (2001). Carbon monoxide poisoning: systemic manifestations and complications. J Korean Med Sci.16, 253-61.
Referans4 Ernst, A., & Zibrak, J. D. (1998). Carbon monoxide poisoning. New England journal of medicine, 339(22), 1603-1608.
Referans5 Akkose, S., Turkmen, N., Bulut, M., Akgoz, S., Iscimen, R., & Eren, B. (2010). An analysis of carbon monoxide poisoning cases in Bursa, Turkey. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 16 (1), 101-106.
Referans6 Silvers, S. M., & Hampson, N. B. (1995). Carbon monoxide poisoning among recreational boaters. JAMA, 274(20), 1614-1616.
Referans7 Cobb, N., & Etzel, R. A. (1991). Unintentional carbon monoxide—Related deaths in the United States, 1979 through 1988. Jama, 266(5), 659-663.
Referans8 Sever, H., İkizceli, Ş., AVŞAROĞULLARI, L., SÖZÜER, E. M., ÖZKAN, S., Yürümez, Y., & Yavuz, Y. (2005). Nonspesifik semptomlarla acil servise başvuran hastalarda karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi. Türkiye Acil Tıp Dergisi, 5(1), 18-21.
Referans9 Kandis, H., Katırcı, Y., Çakır, Z., Aslan, Ş., Uzkeser, M., & Bilir, Ö. (2007). Acil servise karbonmonoksit entoksikasyonu ile baĢvuran olguların geriye dönük analizi. Akademik Acil Tıp Dergisi, 5(3), 21-5.
Referans10 Gill, A. L., & Bell, C. N. (2004). Hyperbaric oxygen: its uses, mechanisms of action and outcomes. Qjm, 97(7), 385-395.
Referans11 World Health Organization. (1999). Environmental health criteria 213: carbon monoxide.
Referans12 Farraj, A. K., Hazari, M. S., & Costa, D. L. (2015). Pulmonary Toxicology. Mammalian Toxicology, 519-538.
Referans13 Tobias, C. A., Lawrence, J. H., Roughton, F. J. W., Root, W. S., & Gregersen, M. I. (1945). The elimination of carbon monoxide from the human body with reference to the possible conversion of CO to CO2. American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, 145(2), 253-263.
Referans14 Handa, P. K., & Tai, D. Y. H. (2005). Carbon monoxide poisoning: A five-year review at Tan Tock Seng hospital, Singapore. ANNALS-ACADEMY OF MEDICINE SINGAPORE, 34(10), 611.
Referans15 Henry, C. R., Satran, D., Lindgren, B., Adkinson, C., Nicholson, C. I., & Henry, T. D. (2006). Myocardial injury and long-term mortality following moderate to severe carbon monoxide poisoning. Jama, 295(4), 398-402.
Referans16 Jain, K. K. (2004). Hypoxia,[w:] Textbook on hyperbaric medicine, 4th revised and expanded edition.
Referans17 Omaye, S. T. (2002). Metabolic modulation of carbon monoxide toxicity. Toxicology, 180(2), 139-150.
Referans18 Huzar, T. F., George, T., & Cross, J. M. (2013). Carbon monoxide and cyanide toxicity: etiology, pathophysiology and treatment in inhalation injury. Expert review of respiratory medicine, 7(2), 159-170.
Referans19 Tursun, S., Alpcan, A., Şanlı, C., & Kabalcı, M. (2017). Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi. Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi, 9(4), 203-206. Referans 20 Prockop, L. D., & Chichkova, R. I. (2007). Carbon monoxide intoxication: an updated review. Journal of the neurological sciences, 262(1-2), 122-130.
Referans21 Prockop, L. D. (2005). Carbon monoxide brain toxicity: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and neuropsychological effects in 9 people. Journal of Neuroimaging, 15(2), 144-149.
Referans22 , S. A., & Choi, I. S. (1998). Clinical manifestations and complications in carbon monoxide intoxication. Journal of the Korean Neurological Association, 16(4), 500-505
Referans23 Tintinalli, J. E., Kelen, G. D., Stapcyzynski, S. J., Tintinalli, J. E., Kelen, G. D., & Stapczynski, J. S. (2000). Carbon monoxide poisoning. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 5th ed. North Carolina: McGraw-Hill, 1302-1306
Referans24 Deniz, T., Kandiş, H., Saygun, M., Büyükkoçak, Ü., Ülger, H., & Karakuş, A. (2009). Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi acil servisine başvuran zehirlenme olgularının analizi. Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 15-20
Referans25 Weaver, L. K., Hopkins, R. O., Chan, K. J., Churchill, S., Elliott, C. G., Clemmer, T. P., ... & Morris, A. H. (2002). Hyperbaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(14), 1057-1067.
Referans26 Weaver, L. K., Valentine, K. J., & Hopkins, R. O. (2007). Carbon monoxide poisoning: risk factors for cognitive sequelae and the role of hyperbaric oxygen. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 176(5), 491-497.
Referans27 Rodaplı Ü. (2000). Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi. Acil Tıp Dergisi (özel sayı):130-4
Referans28 Kandiş, H., Katırcı, Y., & Karapolat, B. S. (2009). Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi. Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(3), 54-60.
Referans29 Gozubuyuk, A. A., Dag, H., Kaçar, A., Karakurt, Y., & Arica, V. (2017). Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning in child, infant, and fetus. Northern clinics of Istanbul, 4(1), 100.
Referans30 Tursun, S., Alpcan, A., Şanlı, C., & KABALCI, M. (2017). Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi. Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi, 9(4), 203-206.,
Referans31 Gorman, D. F., Clayton, D., Gilligan, J. E., & Webb, R. K. (1992). A longitudinal study of 100 consecutive admissions for carbon monoxide poisoning to the Royal Adelaide Hospital. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 20(3), 311-316.,
Referans32 Buckley, N. A., Isbister, G. K., Stokes, B., & Juurlink, D. N. (2005). Hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicological reviews, 24(2), 75-92.
Referans33 Saukko, P., & Knight, B. (2015). Knight's forensic pathology. CRC press.
Referans34 Okada, M., Okuda, B., & Okae, S. (1982). Bilateral necrosis of the pallidum in a case of carbon monoxide poisoning. Neurol. Med, 17, 304-305.
Referans35 Kinoshita, H., Türkan, H., Vucinic, S., Naqvi, S., Bedair, R., Rezaee, R., & Tsatsakis, A. (2020). Carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicology reports, 7, 169-173.
Referans36 Uemura, K., Harada, K., Sadamitsu, D., Tsuruta, R., Takahashi, M., Aki, T., ... & Yoshida, K. I. (2001). Apoptotic and necrotic brain lesions in a fatal case of carbon monoxide poisoning. Forensic science international, 116(2-3), 213-219.
Referans37 Cantürk, N., Başbulut, A. Z., Cantürk, G., & Dağalp, R. (2008). Ankara'da 2002-2006 yılları arasında karbonmonoksit zehirlenmeleri otopsi olgularının değerlendirilmesi. Adli Tıp Dergisi, 22(1), 25-30.
Referans38 Berber, G., Üzün, Ş., & Ak, N. (2002). 1995–1998 Yılları arasında ATK Morg İhtisas Dairesine gelen karbonmonoksit zehirlenmelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Yıllık Adli Tıp Toplantıları Kitabı, 16-19.
Referans39 Tıp, K. B. S. A. (1995). Bilimsel ve Teknik Yayınları Çeviri Vakfı. Editör Birgen N. İstanbul, 343.
Referans40 Suyama, H., Morikawa, S., Noma-Tanaka, S., Adachi, H., Kawano, Y., Kaneko, K., & Ishihara, S. (2005). Methemoglobinemia induced by automobile exhaust fumes. Journal of anesthesia, 19(4), 333-335.
Referans41 Vevelstad, M., & Morild, I. (2009). Lethal methemoglobinemia and automobile exhaust inhalation. Forensic science international, 187(1-3), e1-e5.
Referans42 Kuo, Y. M., & Nussbaum, R. L. (2015). Prolongation of chemically-induced methemoglobinemia in mice lacking α-synuclein: a novel pharmacologic and toxicologic phenotype. Toxicology reports, 2, 504-511.
Referans43 Moriya, F. (2015). Poisoning due to carbon monoxide and cyanide gas generated in the occurrence of fire. Chudoku kenkyu: Chudoku Kenkyukai jun kikanshi= The Japanese journal of toxicology, 28(4), 339.
Referans44 Kojima, T., Yashiki, M., Une, I., & Nishiyama, Y. (1980). Post-mortem formation of carbon monoxide in a drowned body. Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi, 34, 163-168.
Referans45 Kojima, T., Nishiyama, Y., Yashiki, M., & Une, I. (1982). Postmortem formation of carbon monoxide. Forensic science international, 19(3), 243-248.
Referans46 Kojima, T., Yashiki, M., Okamoto, I., Noda, J., Une, I., Miyazaki, T., & Chikasue, F. (1984). Postmortem formation of carbon monoxide in blood and body cavity fluids of rats drowned and kept immersed in fresh water. Hiroshima journal of medical sciences, 33(4), 591-594.
Referans47 Kojima, T., Okamoto, I., Yashiki, M., Miyazaki, T., Chikasue, F., Degawa, K., ... & Sagisaka, K. (1986). Production of carbon monoxide in cadavers. Forensic science international, 32(2), 67-77.
Referans48 Kinoshita, H., Türkan, H., Vucinic, S., Naqvi, S., Bedair, R., Rezaee, R., & Tsatsakis, A. (2020). Carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicology reports, 7, 169-173.
Referans49 Widdop, B. (2002). Analysis of carbon monoxide. Annals of clinical biochemistry, 39(4), 378-391.
Referans50 Mahoney, J. J., Vreman, H. J., Stevenson, D. K., & Van Kessel, A. L. (1993). Measurement of carboxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin by five specialized spectrophotometers (CO-oximeters) in comparison with reference methods. Clinical Chemistry, 39(8), 1693-1700.
Referans51 Collison, H. A., Rodkey, F. L., & O'Neal, J. D. (1968). Determination of carbon monoxide in blood by gas chromatography. Clinical Chemistry, 14(2), 162-171.
Referans52 Costantino, A. G., Park, J., & Caplan, Y. H. (1986). Carbon monoxide analysis: a comparison of two CO-oximeters and headspace gas chromatography. Journal of analytical toxicology, 10(5), 190-193.
Referans53 Vreman, H. J., Kwong, L. K., & Stevenson, D. K. (1984). Carbon monoxide in blood: an improved microliter blood-sample collection system, with rapid analysis by gas chromatography. Clinical chemistry, 30(8), 1382-1386.
Referans54 Vreman, H. J., Stevenson, D. K., & Zwart, A. (1987). Analysis for carboxyhemoglobin by gas chromatography and multicomponent spectrophotometry compared. Clinical chemistry, 33(5), 694-697.
Referans55 Vreman, H. J., Wong, R. J., Stevenson, D. K., Smialek, J. E., Fowler, D. R., Li, L., ... & Zielke, H. R. (2006). Concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in postmortem human tissues: effect of

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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section	Collection
Authors	Ayşegül Koçyiğit 0000-0002-0859-1760 Benay Can Eke 0000-0001-9817-9034
Publication Date	September 27, 2021
Submission Date	May 31, 2021
Acceptance Date	August 3, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Volume: 45 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Koçyiğit, A., & Can Eke, B. (2021). KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 45(3), 722-735. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.945665
AMA	Koçyiğit A, Can Eke B. KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. September 2021;45(3):722-735. doi:10.33483/jfpau.945665
Chicago	Koçyiğit, Ayşegül, and Benay Can Eke. “KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 45, no. 3 (September 2021): 722-35. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.945665.
EndNote	Koçyiğit A, Can Eke B (September 1, 2021) KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 45 3 722–735.
IEEE	A. Koçyiğit and B. Can Eke, “KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER”, J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 722–735, 2021, doi: 10.33483/jfpau.945665.
ISNAD	Koçyiğit, Ayşegül - Can Eke, Benay. “KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 45/3 (September 2021), 722-735. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.945665.
JAMA	Koçyiğit A, Can Eke B. KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. 2021;45:722–735.
MLA	Koçyiğit, Ayşegül and Benay Can Eke. “KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, vol. 45, no. 3, 2021, pp. 722-35, doi:10.33483/jfpau.945665.
Vancouver	Koçyiğit A, Can Eke B. KARBONMONOKSİT ZEHİRLENMELERİNDE POSTMORTEM DEĞİŞİKLİKLER. J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara. 2021;45(3):722-35.

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The Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University is an international medium, an open access, peer-reviewed journal for the publication of original research reports, reviews and short communications in English or Turkish on relevant developments in pharmaceutical sciences., Proceeding of scientific meetings may be published as special issues of supplements to the journal. Additionally, it contains previous and forthcoming national and international scientific meetings with social activities in pharmaceutical areas.